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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (54)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (54)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • 1965-1969  (14)
  • 1955-1959  (5)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (54)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer degradation. V. Changes in molecular weight distributions during sonic irradiation of polyisobuteneProd. No. 1470 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography was used to follow changes in the molecular weight distribution of a polyisobutene, initial Mv = 466,000, during degradation induced by sonic irradiation. Seven samples taken at times of 200-163,500 sec. were studied. In general, a steady decrease in molecular weight was observed, although a bimodal distribution was present after 20,000 sec. irradiation. Various measures of inhomogeneity, Mw/Mn, U, etc., were examined. The function, σn/Mw, where σn is the standard deviation of the number distribution, is considered as a measure of the relative distribution. It is shown to be almost constant throughout the degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of block and random ethylene-propylene copolymers by differential thermal analysisPresented in part before the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 148th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, August 30-September 4, 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3061-3069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A group of C14-tagged ethylene and propylene polymers consisting of physical mixtures of homopolymers, block copolymers made up of two homopolymer sequences, and block copolymers made up of several homopolymer segments has been studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effect of randomness in copolymers has also been studied in this set of systems, which contains 0-51 wt.-% ethylene. Block copolymers and physical mixtures have been found to have thermograms with endothermal minima at approximately 138 and 163°C. The ratio of heights of the two minima has been found to be a function of the ethylene and propylene content for mixtures of homopolymers and for block copolymers without randomness. DTA thus provides an analysis for monomer ratios in physical mixtures and in block copolymers of ethylene and propylene. The cooling thermograms of block copolymers have been demonstrated to have two exotherms in all cases where the block ethylene content exceeded 10%; the propylene limit was not fixed. Mixed homopolymers do not exhibit two freezing exotherms. The total heat of fusion of the polymer has been found to be a usable measure of chain randomness and block nature. The conditions for observation of single and multiple transitions have been extended.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part V. Determination of degree of chemical crosslinking of natural rubber gum vulcanizate networks (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2215-2226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A general treatment is given of the methods to be used in other parts of this series for calculating the degree of chemical crosslinking in natural rubber vulcanizates from stress-strain measurements in extension and from equilibrium volume swelling measurements. Corrections are required for the presence in the vulcanizate of appreciable quantities of particulate solids or soluble diluents and for the introduction of foreign atoms into the rubber network. For this purpose distinction is made between the rubber vulcanizate, the rubber matrix, the rubber network, and the rubber hydrocarbon component of the network. Expressions are derived, in terms of these concepts, for the Money-Rivlin parameter, C1, measured on vulcanizates which have undergone various treatments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of oxygen diffusion on the surface photooxidation of polystyrene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4471-4476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper further illustrates the applicability of multiple internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of near-surface photooxidation. The results are compared with transmission infrared spectra to evaluate compositional gradients resulting from photooxidation and the influence of oxygen diffusion. The sample was a solvent-cast film of atactic, narrow distribution polystyrene, Mw of 100,000, that had been drawn to a ratio of 3.0 at 110°C by solid state coextrusion. Irradiation of these thin films, ∼25μm thickness, was performed on exposure to air at 35°C for periods of up to 6 h using a mercury source emitting at 254 nm. On photooxidation, a board peak appears at 3200-3500 cm-1, attributable to hydroperoxide formation. The most dramatic increase in the infrared spectra is found for a carbonyl band at 1730 cm-1. It appears to result from an aromatic acid group since it is shifted to 1660 cm-1 on immersion of the oxidized polystyrene films in aqueous ammonium hydroxide. It is confirmed that the photooxidation of polystyrene occurs preferentially at the surface and that this reaction rate is greatly reduced in the drawn polystyrene film.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271134
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution NMR study of the post-polymerization crosslinking agent N,N′-(2-propyloximino)-4,4′-methylenebis(phenylcarbamate). I (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 2299-2305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Because of its possible use as a blocked “post-polymerization crosslinking agent” for polymers containing labile hydrogen, the structure of the acetone oxime adduct of 4,4′-methylenebis-(phenylisocyanate) has been determined. 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has identified this product to be N,N′-(2-propyloximino)-4,4′-methylenebis(phenylcarbamate). Chemical shift assignments were based on information obtained by proton decoupled, off-resonance decoupled, and gated decoupled 13C-NMR, proton-NMR, and semiemperical substituent chemical shift (SCS) parameters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290706
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial polymerization of n-alkyl α-cyanoacrylate homologs (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1617-1623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The n-alkyl α-cyanoacrylates from methyl through n-octyl exhibit a reverse order of polymerization rate on biological substrates compared to that on water. On water, the lower homologs spread and polymerize rapidly, whereas the higher homologs spread but polymerize slowly. On biological substrates, the lower homologs do not spread or spread slightly and the higher homologs exhibit large spreadabilities and very rapid polymerization rates. Determination of the spreading coefficients for these systems by using the monomers or model compounds confirm the observed spreadabilities. It is proposed that the increased rate of polymerization of the higher homologs on biological substrates may be due to increased catalyst concentrations on these surfaces or to the solubilization of the higher homologs at the interface, making the catalyst sites more available to the monomer. The suggestion is made that if the liquid monomers spread and orient on the substrate and subsequently polymerize, the polymers will maintain the orientation. If such is the case, a technique is available for preparing stereospecific vinyl polymers which may have different spatial configurations depending on the polarity of the liquid substrate upon which they have been allowed to spread and polymerize.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101101
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part VIII. The N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide-accelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber at 140-180°C. and of synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene at 140°C (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2271-2283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Vulcanization of natural rubber at 140°C. with a CBS-accelerated sulfur system of conventional type gives rise to a structurally complex network in which the number of sulfur atoms combined per chemical crosslink present increases from 12 to 21 with increasing reaction time. The complexity of the network increases with increasing temperature of vulcanization. Crosslinking of a purified synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene proceeds more slowly and yields a slightly more complex network. Despite this overall similarity the natural rubber vulcanizates exhibit considerably higher tensile strengths.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part VII. The N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide-accelerated natural rubber-sulfur system (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2255-2269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking efficiency of sulfur in the vulcanization system comprising (in parts by weight) natural rubber (100), sulfur (1.5), N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (2.37), zinc oxide (5), and lauric acid (1-10) is relatively insensitive to the lauric acid concentration and to the temperature of vulcanization (between 100 and 140°C.). The networks formed contain initially 8-11 combined sulfur atoms per chemical crosslink present, but this number falls progressively to about 4 as the reaction proceeds. The results are consistent with the intermediate formation of a rubber-soluble complex of cyclohexylamine with zinc benzothiazolyl mercaptide. This complex is believed to be responsible also for the further slow crosslinking which the vulcanizates undergo on standing at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear degradation of poly(vinyl acetate) in toluene solutions by high-speed stirring (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 173-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) of M̄w 750,000 and M̄w/M̄n 5.10 in toluene solution was sheared in a Virtis-60 homogenizer. The polymer concentration was 3.0 to 12.0 g/100ml, and test temperature was 10 ± 0.5°C. The extent of degradation was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It was concluded that on shearing (i) the molecular weight decreases rapidly at the beginning of shearing and thereafter decreases ever more slowly toward a limiting value, (ii) the molecular weight distribution is narrowed, (iii) no degradation occurs up to 5000 rpm and thereafter increases with stirring speed, (iv) degradation is more at lower concentrations but concentration is not a sensitive variable, and (v) the chain scission occurs randomly. The Mark-Houwing relationship for PVAc in THF at 25°C was derived as [η] = 2.47 × 10-4 × M̄v0.644.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultradrawing and crystallization of isotactic polystyrene and blends with atactic polystyrene (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2373-2379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pure isotactic polystyrene (iPS, Mw = 8.89 × 104, Mw/Mn = 4.89) and its blends with an atactic polystyrene (aPS, Mw = 3.9 × 105, Mw/Mn 〈 1.13) were subjected to draw by solid state coextrusion at 127°C within polyethylene. The content of amorphous iPS in these blends was varied from 100 to 24.4 wt %. The extent of draw-induced crystallization was found to depend on the draw ratio and on iPS concentration. The blend with 24.4% iPS was coextruded in two stages. The highest effective draw ratio (EDR) was 7.6 and 13.7 for one- and two-stage draw, respectively. The highest crystallinity of 33.2% was obtained for pure iPS at the maximum EDR of 7.6. Considerable crystallinity was induced in blends, requiring successively higher draw ratio to reach similar crystallinity with increased aPS content. The tensile modulus increased from 1.5 to 3.2 GPa, independent of iPS concentration. Thermal shrinkage results indicate that the elastic recovery of draw in the blends is near quantitative for an EDR 〈 8. For pure iPS, extrudate elastic recovery was dramatically altered by the draw-induced crystallinity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260723
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