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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (950)
  • 1970-1974  (857)
  • 1950-1954  (93)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 6 (1972), S. 59-79 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Advantages of a hollow-fiber hemodialyzer have been well described. The goal of this program was to provide a working model of a noncellulosic hollow fiber artificial kidney with nonthrombogenic blood-contacting surfaces, low blood-priming volume and low pressure drop, a satisfactory rate of urea transport, and high rate of ultrafiltration of water. Also, the reliability and utility of these devices was to be demonstrated through clinical evaluation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1213-1224 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthetic details of solution polymerization in benzene and bulk polymerization of vinylferrocene are reported. In benzene solutions, with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, small yields of low-polydispersity low molecular weight (M̄n ≃ 5000) polyvinylferrocene is obtained. However, high yields can be obtained by continuous or multiple AIBN addition. Higher molecular weight polymers and binodal polymers can be obtained as the monomer concentration is increased. In bulk polymerizations, yields of 80% can be obtained. The molecular weight increases as temperature decreases from 80 to 60°C in bulk polymerizations, and an increasing amount of insoluble polymer results. The soluble portion is often binodal, the higher molecular weight node consisting of an increasingly branched structure. Lower molecular weight polymer was readily fractionated into narrow fractions from benzene-methanol systems, but higher molecular weight polymer proved impossible to fractionate into narrow fractions due to branching.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile (AN) was graft-polymerized onto gelatinized cationic starch (CS) possessing diethylaminoethyl ether groups by cerium (IV) initiation to give stable latexlike copolymer dispersions. Dispersions of the latex copolymers, having up to 50% grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN), air- and heat-dry on glass to clear, adhesive films. Sonification of up to 8% dispersions at 20 Khz reduced their viscosities from 1500-3000 cP to 15-40 cP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both nonsonified and sonified dispersions consist of ball-like particles measuring about 0.05-0.15 μ in diameter when dry. The films are formed by coalescence of these particles. The degree to which AN grafts onto CS at ambient temperature is related to the nitrogen content of CS, gelatinization time of CS at 95°C, sequence of AN and cerium(IV) addition, concentration of cerium (IV), concentration of AN, and severity of reaction agitation. Number-average molecular weight values of PAN were about 106 when grafting was conducted under stirring and about 5 × 105 when conducted under shaking action.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 445-454 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fundamental vibrational frequencies of an isolated chain of cis-1,4-polybutadiene have been calculated. Infrared and polarized Raman data are used in the force constant refinement routine. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies are discussed in terms of the potential energy distribution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 613-629 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Review of electrochemical methods of studying hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion crackingIn this review the authors presents the features common to both types of failure and the features by which the two types of failure are different from each other. In this context it is emphasized, that the hydrogen absorption - essential for embrittlement - can be regarded as a side reaction accompanying the particular overall reaction, and that the particular reaction conditioned and the structure of the metal play an important part. Different methods for investigating the hydrogen context and the state of the hydrogen (atomic, ionic, molecular) in the metal are described, and soo are methods for studying internal stresses due to hydrogen absorption. As to stress corrosion cracking it is shown that the processes involved are not a separate mechanical and a separate chemical one, but that the joint action of both is important. In this context it is shown, however, that this view can be considered to be established in th e case of austenitic steels only.
    Notes: Der Verfasser zeigt in diesem Übersichtsartikel die Faktoren, in denen die beiden Schadensarten übereinstimmen bzw. sich unterscheiden. Hierbei wird davon ausgegangen, daß die für die Versprödung entscheidende Wasserstoffaufnahme als eine die jeweilige Gesamtreaktion begleitende Nebenreaktion angesehen werden kann, wobei die jeweiligen Reaktionsbedingungen und das Gefüge des Metalls eine Rolle spielen. Die verschiedenen Methoden zur Untersuchung des Wasserstoffgehalts bzw. des Wasserstoffgehalts im Metall (atomar, als Ion, molekular) werden beschrieben, ebenso Methoden zur Untersuchung der durch Wasserstoff hervogerufenen inneren Spannungen. Hinsichtlich der Spannungsrißkorrosion wird gezeigt, daß es sich hierbei nicht um getrennte mechanische und chemische Vorgänge handelt, sondern daß das Zusammenwirken der beiden entscheidend ist. In diesem Zusammenhang wird allerdings darauf hingewiesen, das diese Ansicht nur für die austenitischen Stähle eindeutig festgestellt ist.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 8 (1952), S. 321-335 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Vulcanization with sulfur is ascribed to the formation of sulfur radicals which are believed to copolymerize with the rubber molecule double bonds. Hydrogen sulfide is proposed as necessary for chain initiation but when formed in sufficient amounts serves as a chain terminator. This is believed to lead to numerous self-limiting features including ceiling temperatures, post-vulcanization and delayed action effects. Initiation may result from the oxidation of H2S to sulfur radicals and termination to the formation of HS radicals.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 8 (1952), S. 409-423 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: When the acetate groups of polyvinyl acetate are removed and subsequently restored, the viscosity of the polymer is usually decreased. It is found that after such processing, vinyl acetate polymers prepared at a given temperature approach a maximum viscosity regardless of the viscosity of the original resins. This maximum is increased by lowering the temperature of polymerization and is different for other vinyl esters. The extent of degradation is negligible at low conversions. It is concluded that this phenomenon is characteristic of the monomer. The chemical bond responsible for the degradation has many of the properties of ester linkages. The resins degrade with both bases and acids although the latter catalyst sometimes requires the presence of water. They also degrade when heated in a solution of pyridine, acetic acid and acetic anhydride. The extent of degradation closely parallels the degree of hydrolysis. It is suggested that these ester linkages are formed during polymerization as a result of transfer with the carbon-hydrogen bonds of the acetate groups of both monomer and polymer. Evidence of another transfer reaction involving the vinyl group, but having no bearing on the degradation, is also advanced. If polyvinyl acetate is alcoholized with an acid catalyst, in the absence of water, the processed resin may have a higher viscosity than would be the case with an alkaline catalyst. How much higher is governed by the type of initiator used in the polymerization. This suggests that polymer molecules may be united under these conditions, but the nature of the reaction is obscure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 13 (1954), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 691-698 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Employing a reproducible system for the emulsion polymerization of styrene it has been demonstrated that agitation (stirring or shaking) affects both the rate of polymerization and maximum average molecular weight of the polymer formed. Increasing the agitation increases the inhibition, decreases the polymerization rate, and lowers the average molecular weight of the polymer formed. Agitation affects both a peroxide and a persulfate catalyzed polymerization in a similar manner. Agitation effects have been observed in the presence of a redox system and in the presence of a chain modifier. Oxygen has been demonstrated to stop as well as inhibit the initiation of an emulsion polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1683-1690 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkaline hydrolysis of model carbamates, polyurethanes, and poly(urethane-ureas) has been investigated. The model carbamates were based upon phenyl, benzyl, and cyclohexyl isocyanates. The polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas) were prepared from tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) and a poly(oxyethylene)glycol of 6000 molecular weight. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis were obtained in aqueous pyridine solution at 110°C, and second-order rate constants were obtained in aqueous KOH solution for the model biscarbamates. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis were obtained in alcoholic KOH solution for the polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas). The hydrolysis of the model carbamates showed that the stability increased in the following manner: phenyl 〈 benzyl 〈 cyclohexyl. The pseudo-first-order rate constants were dependent upon the pKb of the corresponding amines. The hydrolysis of the polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas) showed that the stability increased in the following manner: aromatic 〈 aralkyl 〈 cycloaliphatic. It was shown that polyurethanes are more susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis than to acidic hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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