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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peel strength of polyurethanes from oxypropylene polyols. I. Effect of polyol structure and fillersPresented at Gordon Conference on Adhesion, New Hampton, New Hampshire, July 17, 1963. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 279-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of some of the factors that influence the adhesion properties of polyurethane coatings to aluminum. The peel strength (at angles of 180 and 90 degrees) has been plotted against film thickness (from 1.5 to 20 mils) and extrapolated to zero thickness; these intercept values have been found to have more significance than peel strengths at finite thicknesses. It has been found that, for polyether-urethanes prepared from polyoxypropylene glycols and polyols, the peel strength increases with increasing urethane and urea content. It has also been found that peel strength decreases with increasing film rigidity, where rigidity is caused by increasing the crosslinking density or isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio. Fillers play an important role in peel strength; at concentrations up to 15% in the glycol component the adhesion of polyurethanes increases with the addition of iron oxide and calcium carbonate. The use of chromic oxide causes only a decrease in peel strength.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090125
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of alcohol-isocyanate reactions with metal catalystsFrom a thesis to be submitted by B. Thir to the Graduate School of the University of Detroit in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree in chemistry. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1787-1795 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been conducted of the kinetics of the reactions of primary and secondary alcohols with phenyl isocyanate in the presence of metal catalysts. It has been determined that the type and concentration of metal catalyst, the structure of the alcohols, and the type of solvent play an important role in the reaction rates and ratios of rate constants. Catalysis by lead naphthenate increased the reaction rates of 2-methoxy-l-propanol and 1-methoxy-2-propanol more than 3-methoxy-1-propanol, whereas catalysis by dibutyltin dilaurate enhanced the reaction rates of 3-methoxy-1-propanol more than those of 2-methoxy-1-propanol and of 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Dibutyltin dilaurate has been found to impart a high ratio of Kprimary/Ksecondary, where the primary alcohol was 3-methoxy-1-propanol and the secondary alcohol was 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Determinations of mixtures in toluene solutions containing up to 75%, of 3-methoxy-1-propanol were made with good accuracy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090514
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peel strength of polyurethanes from oxypropylene polyols II. Effect of additives, isocyanate structure, and other factors (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1247-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The study of factors influencing the adhesion properties of polyurethane coatings to aluminum has been continued. The data indicate that the addition of additives to polyurethanes can affect their peel strengths. The addition of epoxy resins, chlorinated paraffins, or sulfonamide-formaldehyde resins results in increased peel strengths; the use of a mixture of fatty acids resulted in reduced values. The isocyanate structure can also play an important role; those producing more flexible films (such as m-xylylene di-isocyanate) result in higher peel strength values. Other factors found to be of importance included the concentration of aromatic and aliphatic groups, the type of solvent used in casting the films, the crystallinity of the polyether glycols and the presence or absence of certain substituents, such as fluorine, in the polyurethane chain. Tracer studies have indicated that the mechanism of adhesion failure involves the breaking of the polymer-polymer as well as polymer-substrate bonds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A loss in curing test for tire cords (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A laboratory method for determining the effect of curing conditions on the tensile strength of tire cords has been developed which makes use of rubber-cord pads cured in a mold. The tensile strengths of the cured cords embedded in rubber are measured after removal from the mold. The method is suitable for nylon cords, either bare or dipped. It has been determined that tensile strength losses during curing of nylon are caused by shrinkage of the cords in the presence of moisture.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020614
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of structure on temperature stability and solubility of polyester-urethanesPresented before the Division of Polymer Chemistry at the 141st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., March, 1962. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1679-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The composition of crosslinked polyester-urethanes has been varied by adjusting the ratio of ester to urethane groups. The crosslinking density of these materials has been varied by changes in the polyester functionality. The polyester-urethanes have been subjected to solvent extraction, wherein it was found that at high crosslinking densities, the solubility of the polymers is unaffected by the ester-urethane ratio. At low crosslinking densities, solubility increases slightly with increasing urethane concentration. The solubility was also found to increase with decreasing crosslinking density. Data obtained from isothermal heat aging and thermogravimetric analysis, both carried out in air and in inert atmosphere, indicate that thermal stability increases with increasing ester/urethane ratio and is independent of crosslinking density where the ester/urethane ratio is held constant. In addition, data obtained from heat aging and thermogravimetric analysis have indicated that decomposition of the samples occurs as rapidly in inert atmosphere as in air, indicating that the decomposition occurs chiefly by a nonoxidative mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of linear polyurethanes and model monocarbamates (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 1683-1690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkaline hydrolysis of model carbamates, polyurethanes, and poly(urethane-ureas) has been investigated. The model carbamates were based upon phenyl, benzyl, and cyclohexyl isocyanates. The polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas) were prepared from tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) and a poly(oxyethylene)glycol of 6000 molecular weight. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis were obtained in aqueous pyridine solution at 110°C, and second-order rate constants were obtained in aqueous KOH solution for the model biscarbamates. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis were obtained in alcoholic KOH solution for the polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas). The hydrolysis of the model carbamates showed that the stability increased in the following manner: phenyl 〈 benzyl 〈 cyclohexyl. The pseudo-first-order rate constants were dependent upon the pKb of the corresponding amines. The hydrolysis of the polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas) showed that the stability increased in the following manner: aromatic 〈 aralkyl 〈 cycloaliphatic. It was shown that polyurethanes are more susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis than to acidic hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110716
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex formation between catalysts, alcohols, and isocyanates in the preparation of urethanes (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of the catalyzed reaction between alcohols and isocyanates was investigated by means of NMR, infrared, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The shift of the —OH proton resonance in the NMR spectra indicated the existence of a 1 : 1 complex in the system dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL)-1-methoxy-2-propanol. Complex formation was also observed when lead naphthenate or triethylamine (TEA) were substituted for the DBTDL. Mixtures of the DBTDL-TEA catalysts caused a shift of the —OH proton resonance greater than that observed for either catalyst alone. This correlates with the synergistic effect noted when preparing urethanes with a mixture of these catalysts. No direct evidence of alcohol-catalyst complex formation could be obtained by infrared spectroscopy. Efforts were also made to detect complex formation in mixtures of phenyl isocyanate and catalysts. These complexes could not be detected by NMR, infrared, or ultraviolet spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.150050104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isocyanate-catalyst and hydroxyl-catalyst complex formation (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 8 (1970), S. 2883-2891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of an investigation for evidence of isocyanate-catalyst and alcohol-catalyst complex formations, determinations of molecular weights were made by means of the freezing point depression of benzene solutions. Mixtures of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and dibutyltin dilaurate and mixtures of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and triethylamine both gave strong evidence of the formation of complexes. Complex formations were also detected when the alcohol was replaced by phenyl isocyanate. Significantly larger concentrations of the catalyst were involved in isocyanate complexes than were shown to be the case with the alcohol complexes. These results appear to be experimental evidence for the previously proposed ternary complex as an intermediate in the metal-catalyzed formation of urethanes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.150081014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic effect of urethane groups on reaction of alcohols and isocyanates (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 4 (1966), S. 2321-2322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.150040925
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