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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (12)
  • Chemistry  (9)
  • 1975-1979  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inferential control of processes: Part III. Construction of optimal and suboptimal dynamic estimators (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 500-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are presented for the construction of optimal and suboptimal estimators for inferential control systems. Optimal estimators are constructed with the aid of Kalman filtering techniques applied to linear systems driven by integrated white noise disturbances. The description of the disturbances as integrated white noise leads to optimal dynamic estimators which reduce to optimal static estimators for sustained disturbances. Suboptimal estimators are constructed by prespecifying the structure of the estimator and choosing estimator parameters so as to minimize the mean square error in estimation.Optimal and suboptimal estimators are compared by using them in an inferential control system which attempts to control the product composition of a simulated multicomponent distillation column. There is little difference in performance between optimal and suboptimal estimators which use temperature and flow measurements to estimate product composition. However, the inferential control system using a simple suboptimal estimator is significantly superior to the policy of maintaining a selected tray temperature constant through a standard feedback control system. The inferential control system is also superior to composition feedback control systems where the measurement delay is greater than 5 min.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240315
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inferential control of processes: Part I. Steady state analysis and design (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 485-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are presented for the design of a static estimator which infers unmeasurable product qualities from secondary measurements. The secondary measurements are selected so as to minimize the number of such measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate which is insensitive to modeling errors. Unlike previous work, the number of secondary measurements can be fewer than the number of unmeasured disturbances. If the statistics of the disturbances and/or measurement noise are available, this information can be incorporated into the design procedure to obtain an optimal static estimator.The design procedure is illustrated by application to a simulated industrial debutanizer. Data for the simulation were supplied by the Marathon Oil Company. Deviations in bottoms product quality are compared for the current control policy (maintenance of a stage temperature at its set point) and the inferential control system with the column subjected to representative feed composition disturbances. Results show that inferential control based on four, five, or six tray temperature measurements improves the steady state control performance by as much as 400%.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inferential control of processes: Part II. The structure and dynamics of inferential control systems (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 492-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The static estimator of part I is incorporated into a dynamic control system. The system structure minimizes output feedback and thereby achieves stability even in the event of significant modeling errors. This inherent stability permits the use of simple and economical lead-lag compensation for the estimator and controller portions of the system. The overall system response to disturbances is similar to that of feed-forward control systems.The proposed control system structure is used to infer and control the overhead and bottoms product compositions of a simulated multicomponent distillation. Product compositions are inferred from selected stage temperature and process flow measurements. Inferential control system response to various disturbances is comparable or superior to that of a tuned composition feedback control system for both single product control and for simultaneus overhead and bottoms product control.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240314
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton magnetic resonance investigation of interactions between L-tryptophan and dinucleoside phosphates at low pD (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 259-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interactions between mononucleoside and dinucleoside phosphates containing adenine and/or cytosine and L-tryptophan have been studied at low pD by proton magnetic resonance (pmr) spectroscopy. The results of those studies indicate that, despite extensive protonation of ring positions, and resulting electrostatic repulsion, ring stacking does occur between both like and unlike molecules. Geometries for stacked complexes are proposed and the extent of complex formation between L-tryptophan and adenosine or cytidine in 3′ or 5′ esterified positions is discussed qualitatively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1977.360160204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the amide I mode in the vibrational spectra of unordered polypeptides and proteins (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 2475-2484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The difference in the observed frequency of the amide I mode between the Raman and ir spectra of many unordered polypeptides is interpreted in terms of a model in which sequences of amide groups have similar φ, ψ angles. The splittings due to intramolecular interactions for the infinite helices generated by all φ, ψ angles are calculated by assuming transition dipole coupling. The effect of finite sequence length and distortions are then considered. This hypothesis accounts for the general features of the amide I mode of unordered polypeptides.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1978.360171014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of extrusion on the mechanical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene paste (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 260-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We consider the connection between viscous effects experienced by polytetrafluoroethylene paste during extrusion, and the final strength of the extrudate. It is shown that by reducing the viscous contribution to the pressure drop across the extruder die, we not only save on extrusion pressure, but also increase the strength of the extrudate. The shape of die that gives the minimum pressure drop is derived.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier-transform infrared study of polyethylene single crystals in suspension (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 1647-1654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The infrared spectra of polyethylene single crystals suspended in liquid are reported and compared to dried mats of the same material. In order to observe the polyethylene bands, liquids with partial windows in complementary regions of the spectra were chosen. Any remaining bands of the suspending media were removed by substraction of the spectrum of the pure liquid. The crystalline bands of suspended polyethylene are much sharper than those of the dried material, indicating a decrease in lateral crystalline order upon drying. Drying also results in a change in the type and distribution of conformations associated with amorphous and fold structures, as determined by the observed frequencies of the methylene wagging mode.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150912
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polymorphism on the C—H stretching region of the infrared spectrum of polyethylene (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1253-1260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A complex fine structure in the C—H stretching region of the infrared spectrum of deformed polyethylene single crystals is reported. The deformed crystals are shown to be transformed from the orthorhombic crystal form to a monoclinic structure. The previously deduced C2/m monoclinic structure does not account for the appearance of the new bands. An alternative but similar monoclinic structure is proposed. The symmetry of this structure is consistent with the Fermi resonance interactions required for the observation of these bands.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160708
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of isotactic poly(alkyl ethylene)s II. Modification I of poly(propyl ethylene) and its deuterated derivatives (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 25-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The vibrational analysis of modification I of poly(propyl ethylene), poly(propyl ethylene)-(2,2;d2), and poly(propyl ethylene)-(1,2,2;d3) has been performed using the valence force field derived for poly(ethyl ethylene) and the actual molecular geometry. The band assignments are based on infrared polarization and Raman data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopic evidence of structural defects in the crystalline regions of trans-1,4-polychloroprene (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1145-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Infrared spectra have been obtained for the crystalline regions of samples of predominantly trans-1,4-polychloroprenes polymerized at -20, 0, and 40°C. Spectral differences among the polychloroprenes are interpreted in terms of the increase in structural irregularities that occur as the polymerization temperature is increased. Results of this study indicate that crystallization occurs with random inclusion of these structural irregularities into the crystalline domains. The conclusion is supported by the spectra of the crystalline regions of a chloroprene copolymer containing known impurities in the form of 2,3-dichloro-2-butenylene units in addition to the normal 2-chloro-2-butenylene units.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.180130607
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