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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 101 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: From two tetraploid, one Transformed tetraploid, one triploid and 11 dihaploid clones of Solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids were produced by polyethylene glycol mediated somatic fusion. The inter-dihaploid clones comprised clones of agronomic value, homozygous doubled monohaploids, and in vitro selected clones resistant t0 Fusarium or Phytophthora toxins. Presumptive hybrids were enriched at the callus Stage in vitro by using differentiating media and by growth characteristics; further identification was performed by chromosome counting in vitro shoots and by isozyme analysis of in vitro plants. Final analysis was made from morphological characteristic of plant and tuber phenotypes. From 15 different combinations, 6009 plantlets have been regenerated. From five combinations, 310 reentrants were checked for hybrid nature by morphology and cytology and 88 by peroxidase and esterase isozyme analyses. Amongst these, from two combinations, a total of 17 different hybrids were confirmed by all methods. The procedures described are general enough to allow genome combination of interdihaploids resulting in tetraploids of practical breeding value.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 82 (1985), S. 547-555 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten different nonspecific esterases in both mouse (Mus musculus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) testis were identified following the analysis of electrophoretic patterns using genetic, developmental, and biochemical criteria. None of the enzymes were unique to testis, although the pattern of activity was testis specific. The enzymes comprised, in each species, six carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1), one arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2), one acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), and two butyrylesterases (tentative designation). Cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) was not detected. Individual homology relationships were recognized between the two species for all of these activities, except three of the carboxylesterases; however, these were coded for by homologous gene clusters. Similarities between the two species extended to the developmental course of expression and the modulation of the pattern of activity by the testicular feminization (Tfm) mutation. We describe the effects of the sex reversal (Sxr) mutation in the mouse, as well as the distribution of individual activities between Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. The results of earlier histochemical studies are interpreted in the light of the present investigation. The correspondence between mouse- and rat-testis esterases suggests that the results could serve as a basis for mammalian testis esterase systems in general.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 39 (1988), S. 954-958 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 88 (1988), S. 641-643 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prominent esterase activity was demonstrated histochemically in the straight portion of the proximal tubules in kidney of the mouse strain DBA/2J after inhibition with bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and subsequent staining, using 5-bromoindoxyl acetate as substrate. In the strain PUC/1Fre, the corresponding esterase was only weakly expressed. By comparing data from the literature (von Deimling et al. 1981) with the characteristic features of this kidney esterase including substrate preference, sensitivity to inhibitors, solubility, histochemical location, and strain differences, it was concluded that it was identical with the previously electrophoretically defined esterase-16.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 35 (1989), S. 555-568 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Amorphe metallische Legierungen wurden sowohl durch Anwendung der Schnellabschreckverfahren Splat-Cooling und Melt-Spinning als auch durch mechanisches Legieren hergestellt. Im Gegensatz zu den Schnellabschreck-verfahren handelt es sich beim mechanischen Legieren um einen Prozeß zur Synthese amorpher Materialien, der erst seit einigen Jahren bekannt ist. Wir berichten in dieser Arbeit über den Einsatz dieses neuen Verfahrens zur Amorphisierung von Ti-Cu, Hf-Cu, Hf-Ni und Fe-Ni-B Legïerungen und vergleichen diese mit schnell abgeschreckten Materialien. Die Charakterisierung der Proben erfolgte mittels Röntgenbeugung. Differential-Thermo-Analyse (DTA) und Elektronenmikroskopie (SEM und EDAX). Das Kristallisationsverhalten der amorphen Legierungen wurde unter Anwendung von Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten zwischen 1 und 80 K/min untersucht. Diese heizratenabhängigen Messungen wurden sowohl zur Bestimmung von Aktivierungsenergien als auch zur Extrapolation von Kristallisationstemperaturen für isotherme Bedingungen verwendet, wie sie bei der Kompaktierung amorpher Materialien auftreten. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, daß schnell abgeschreckte und mechanisch legierte amorphe Materialien sehr ähnliche Eigenschaften aufweisen.
    Abstract: Резюме Методами быстрого ох лаждения и механичес кого сплав$ ления получены аморф ные металлические сп лавы. По сравнению с методом быстрого охл аждения, механическо е сплавление предс$ тавляет новый процес с в получении аморфны х сплавов. Описана аморфизация сплавов Ti-Cu, Hf-Cu, Hf-Ni и Fe-Ni-B. Кристаллизация спла вов была изучена мето дом ДТА при скоростях нагрева ох 1 до 80 К/мин. Да нные для механически сплавленных порошков сопоставле ны с данными для быстр о охлажденных спла$ вов. Дальнейшая харак теристика сплавов бы ла проведена рентге$ нографическим метод ом и методом SEM и ЕВАХ. Сд елано заклю$ чение, что аморфные ма териалы, полученные механическим сплав$ лением или быстрым ох лаждением, показываю т очень подобные свойства.
    Notes: Abstract Amorphous metallic alloys were synthesized by the methods of rapid quenching and by mechanical alloying. In contrast to rapid quenching, mechanical alloying is a new process in producing amorphous alloys. In this paper we will report the amorphization of Ti-Cu, Hf-Cu, Hf-Ni and Fe-Ni-B alloys. The crystallization behaviour of these amorphous alloys was examined by DTA measurements with different heating rates in the range from 1 to 80 K/min. The data of mechanically alloyed powders will be compared with those of rapidly quenched materials. Further characterizations were done by X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDAX analyses. In general, the examined amorphous materials prepared by mechanical alloying or rapid quenching show very similar properties.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Rattus norvegicus ; electrophoresis ; carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) ; polymorphism ; strain distribution ; linkage group V ; esterase gene cluster 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The segregation of rat esterases controlled by loci residing in linkage group V (LGV) has been studied in two backcross series, (LEW/Han × BN/Han)F1 × LEW/Han and (LEW/Han × LE/Han)F1 × LEW/Han. Es-14 (formerly Es-Si) was shown to be closely linked to Es-1. A new esterase locus, Es-15, was described which codes for a liver isozyme. The distribution pattern of three alleles at the Es-15 locus is presented for 52 independent inbred strains. Close linkage of Es-15 to Es-14 and to Es-1 was established, proposing the following gene order: [Es-2, Es-10]—[ES-1, ES-14, ES-15]. The esterase loci on LGV are thus separated into two gene clusters, cluster 1 and cluster 2. These conclusions are supported by the strain distribution patterns of the two RI strain series, LXB and DXE.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 229-243 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: egasyn ; esterase-22 ; esterases ; β-glucuronidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Recent experiments have demonstrated that egasyn not only sequesters β-glucuronidase in microsomes by forming high molecular weight complexes with β-glucuronidase, but also has carboxyl esterase activity. We have found several new phenotypes of egasyn-esterase after electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of liver homogenates and purified egasyn of inbred and wild mouse strains. Several phenotypes corresponded in relative mobility and relative isoelectric point among inbred strains to that recently reported for esterase-22 by Eisenhardt and von Deimling [(1982). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 73B:719]. This genetic evidence, plus a wide variety of comparative biochemical and physiological data, indicates that egasyn is identical to esterase-22. Both parental types of egasyn isozymes are expressed in heterozygous F1 progeny, suggesting that alterations in the egasyn structural gene are responsible for the altered isoelectric points. Also, egasyn is a monomer since no new esterase bands appear in F1 progeny. The variants in isoelectric point of egasyn map at or near the egasyn (Eg) gene within the esterases of cluster 1 near Es-9 on chromosome 8.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: esterase ; genetics ; homology ; rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic analysis of a polymorphic tissue esterase revealed a new locus (Est-6) with two alleles (Est-6 a andEst-6 b) on linkage group VI of the rabbit.Est-6 is closely linked to theEst-1,2,4 cluster. Esterase ofEst-6 is found in many organs, particularly in liver and small intestine, but not in erythrocytes and serum.Est-6 esterase hydrolyzes α-naphthyl acetate and butyrate, naphthol AS-D acetate, indoxyl acetate, and butyrate as well as 5-bromoindoxyl acetate,N-acetyl-l-alanine-α-naphthyl ester but not 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate and fluorescein diacetate. The enzyme is inhibited by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and eserine but not byp-chloromercuribenzoate. It was classified as a carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1). Based on chromosomal localization, tissue distribution, substrate specificity, inhibitor sensitivity, and range ofpI's, rabbitEst-6 is assumed to be homologous with mouseEs-7.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Mus musculus ; carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) ; glycoprotein ; purification ; locusEs-9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract ES-201 was isolated from male mouse kidney and purified 350-fold by ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The resultant product was apparently homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion and represented a major fraction of male mouse kidney esterase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single subunit band, molecular weight 59,500; the molecular weight of the native protein was found to be 179,000. Titration of the active site yielded an equivalent weight of about 175,000. The enzyme was further characterized by its kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a series of 4-nitrophenyl esters and was classified as a carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1). ES-20C1 bound to concanavalin A, indicating that it was a high-mannose-type glycoprotein; the role of terminal β-N-acetylglucosamine residues in the carbohydrate side chains for stabilization of the quaternary structure of the trimer was revealed. Extensive biochemical and immunological similarities to ES-9C supported an earlier suggestion that theEs-9 c gene product is a component of the ES-20C1 trimer.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Mus musculus ; chromosome 8 ; gene order ; hybrid enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A unique recombination is described between (Es-1, Es-6) and (Es-9, Es-22) within gene cluster 1 of the esterase gene region on chromosome 8 of the house mouse. This recombination established the gene orderEs-1—Es-6—(Es-9, Es-22)—Got-2. A further 73 recombinations, from a total of 911 backcrosses, had taken place between cluster 1 and cluster 2. A distance between the clusters of 8.01±0.90% was calculated; the genes within the clusters appeared more tightly linked than previously assumed. ES-20 behaved anomalously following the recombination within cluster 1: homozygous descendants of the recombinant expressed a new form of ES-20.In vitro incubation of purified ES-6A3 and ES-9A generated ES-20A, revealing this esterase to be a hybrid of different cluster 1 gene products,Es-9 and possiblyEs-6. This result satisfactorily accounted for the genetic finding, as well as a range of biochemical properties of ES-20.
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