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  • Articles  (51)
  • Springer  (51)
  • 1985-1989  (51)
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  • Articles  (51)
Year
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 123 (1985), S. 610-623 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Radiative-convective model ; Cloud feedback ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of cloud feedback on the response of a radiative-convective model to a change in cloud model parameters, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and solar constant has been studied using two different parameterization schemes. The method for simulating the vertical distribution of both cloud cover and cloud optical thickness, which depends on the relative humidity and on the saturation mixing ratio of water vapor, respectively, is the same in both approaches, but the schemes differ with respect to modeling the water vapor profile. In scheme I atmospheric water vapor is coupled to surface parameters, while in scheme II an explicit balance equation for water vapor in the individual atmospheric layers is used. For both models the combined effect of feedbacks due to variations in lapse rate, cloud cover, and cloud optical thickness results in different relationships between changes in surface temperature, planetary temperature, and cloud cover. Specifically, for a CO2 doubling and a 2% increase in solar constant, in both models the surface warming is reduced by cloud feedback, in contrast to no feedback, with the greater reduction in scheme I as compared to that of scheme II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1095-1104 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Forest dieback ; Waldsterben ; damage inventory ; efficient energy use ; abatement techniques ; pollution source substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper starts from the generally accepted premise that forest dieback is a complex phenomenon caused by multiple stresses that are exerted by a host of contributing factors. It is argued that the rapidly proceeding forest dieback, as documented in the damage inventories, is in itself enough reason to warrant action. Therefore, at this late stage, this paper emphasizes the pressing need to introduce active control measures which will reduce pollution emission through more efficient use of fossil fuels, through abatement techniques at the source, and through substitution with less polluting sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 101 (1988), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Furosemide ; partition into lipids ; differential scanning calorimetry ; PLM ; conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The interaction of furosemide with different phospholipids was investigated. Its influence on the lipid structure was inferred from its effect on the phase transition properties of lipids and on the conductance of planar bilayer membranes. The thermotropic properties of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (natural), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, brain sphingomyelin, brain cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine in the presence and absence of furosemide were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry,. The modifying effect of furosemide seems to be strongest on phosphatidylethanolamine (natural) and sphingomyelin bilayers. The propensity of furosemide to decrease the electrical resistance of planar lipid membranes was also studied and it is shown that the drug facilitates the transport of ions. Partition coefficients of furosemide between lipid bilayers and water were measured.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 35 (1985), S. 323-339 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Abschätzung einer möglichen Klimaänderung als Folge einer Verdopplung der CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre dienen die Ergebnisse von Studien mit drei-dimensionalen Modellen der atmosphärischen Zirkulation. Diese Ergebnisse können nicht als Klimavorhersagen betrachtet werden, da die gegenwärtigen Modelle noch erhebliche Mängel aufweisen. Sie bilden jedoch die Grundlage zur Entwicklung von Klimaszenarien. Klimamodelle sind gegenwärtig die einzigen Hilfsmittel, um die Reaktion des Klimasystems auf eine externe Störung in physikalisch konsistenter Weise und in hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung zu simulieren. Für den Mittelmeerraum werden die Ergebnisse dreier verschiedener Klimamodelle (British Meteorological Office (BMO); Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS); National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)) anhand der regionalen und saisonalen Verteilungen von Temperatur, Niederschlag und Bodenfeuchte vorgestellt. Die durch einen CO2-Anstieg verursachte Änderung der Temperaturverteilung ist bei den drei Modellergebnissen ähnlich. Die räumlichen Mittelwerte liegen zwischen 2,5 und 4,0 K. Der Vergleich der Verteilung hydrologischer Größen ergibt dagegen kein einheitliches Bild. Die den simulierten Klimaänderungen zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Mechanismen werden benannt und die statistische Signifikanz der Klimaänderung wird getestet. Diese Arbeit dient zur Entwicklung einer Methodologie für den Einsatz von Klimamodellszenarien bei der Impaktanalyse.
    Notes: Summary For the estimation of a potential climatic change induced by a doubling of atmospheric CO2 we use the results of three-dimensional general circulation models (GCM). Although the results from present climate modeling cannot be considered as predictions of future climatic conditions due to the inherent models' deficiencies, they can still serve a useful purpose in climate change scenarios. The reason for this is that climate models are the only tools available to study the response of the climate system to a perturbation in a physically consistent manner and that such types of models can provide a consistent data set of high temporal and spatial resolution. For the Mediterranean area, the results obtained from three different GCMs, namely, the British Meteorological Office model (BMO), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model (GISS), and the National Center for Atmospheric Research model (NCAR) are shown. The regional and seasonal distributions of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture are used to study the potential changes. The results indicate that the CO2-induced changes for temperature generated by the three models are of similar magnitude. The values of the area mean change range between 2.5 and 4.0 K. The precipitation response results in a diverse pattern. The physical mechanism likely to be responsible for the simulated climatic changes are identified and their statistical significance is tested. This type of work will help us develop the methodology and assist us in gaining insight into the use of climate model scenarios for impact analysis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 158 (1986), S. 605-611 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of young honeybee queens and of worker bees was studied in an observation hive. Tooting and quacking signals emitted by the queens were recorded as airborne sound and as substrate vibrations of the combs by means of a microphone and a laser vibrometer, respectively. The fundamental frequency component is larger than the harmonics when the signals are measured as vibration velocity, and it is argued that the signals are carried mainly by the fundamental frequency component. The frequencies emitted depend on the queens' age, and the tooting syllables contain a frequency sweep. These observations may explain some of the very diverse frequency values reported in the literature. The fundamental carrier frequencies of the toots and quacks overlap, but the tooting syllables have longer rise times than the quacking syllables. Recordings of the vibration of cells in which queens were confined allowed us to measure the threshold for the release of quacking in the confined queens by artificial toots and by natural toots from emerged queens. Artificial toots with long syllable rise time are more efficient in releasing quacking responses than are toots with short syllable rise time. This observation may suggest that the bees recognize these signals mainly by their temporal structure. A comparison of the threshold, emission level, and attenuation with distance, suggests that these and other vibration signals are used by honey bees only for local communication within a restricted area of the comb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 527-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Fission yeast ; OMPdecase ; Cloning ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary URA4, the gene coding for orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPdecase), has been cloned from the fission yeast by homologous complementation and restricted in an Escherichia coli-Schizosaccharomyces pombe (E. coli-S. pombe) replicative plasmid to a 1.76 kb HindIII fragment. This plasmid is maintained at a high copy number in S. pombe and allows OMPdecase expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) as well as in E. coli. After characterisation by restriction mapping and Southern hybridisation, the cloned gene was used as a probe to measure URA4 transcription and to examine its regulation. Messenger RNA levels were measured by DNA/RNA filter-hybridisation with pulse labelled RNAs during 6-azauridine (6-AUR) inhibited growth in wild type and 6-AUR sensitive strains. We found that in S. pombe the OMP analogue 6-AUR does not regulate the level of OMPdecase formation as it does in S. cerevisiae but rather modifies the ratio of total polyA+ to polyA− RNAs in the cell. Based on these results and on corresponding enzyme activities this study demonstrates divergent pyrimidine pathway regulation in the two yeasts S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Finally, we propose the use of the URA4 gene as a convenient selective marker for genetic engineering in S. pombe.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 123 (1989), S. 453-462 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Integral representations of statistical operators in terms of coherent states are derived by means of a quantum version of the Poisson limit of de Finetti's theorem.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 107 (1986), S. 553-560 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the convex set of classical states of the quantum harmonic oscillator is a simplex generated as the closed convex hull of the coherent states in the weak topology of the Banach space of trace class operators.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 68 (1986), S. 580-584 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of host plant patch size on the abundances of two specialist herbivores (the chrysomelid beetle, Acalymma innubum and the pentatomid bug, Piezosternum subulatum) were investigated in a natural forest community in the Virgin Islands. Abundances were compared early and late in the season in different sized patches of the cucurbit host plant (Cayaponia americana) growing in open habitat (with no surrounding plant community) and forest habitat (with diverse surrounding plant community). For both herbivore species, adult abundances per patch were positively correlated with patch leaf area, but there was a significant patch size effect (i.e., correlation between herbivore density per unit plant and patch leaf area) only for beetles in the forest habitat. Both herbivore species were significantly affected by surrounding plant diversity, but in opposite ways: beetles were more abundant in open patches whereas bugs were more abundant in forest patches. Relationships between abundance and patch size in open and forest patches changed through the season for both herbivore species. These changing abundance patterns are discussed with respect to (1) increases in the diversity of the plant community surrounding host plant patches, and (2) differences in herbivore movement patterns.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 71 (1985), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Analysis of Ashkenazi families with Hunter patients in Israel demonstrated the complete absence of new mutations among the probands' mothers. Furthermore, in these families a significant deviation of the segregation ratio between the Hunter gene and the normal allele was demonstrated among offspring of heterozygous mothers or siblings of affected children. This may be due to pre- or postzygotic prenatal selection, favoring the X chromosome carrying the Hunter gene among Ashkenazi Jews.
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