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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 4292-4296 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple relationship between the ratio of atomic transport induced by ion mixing and the activation energies for the impurity diffusion of constituents in a bilayer is presented to describe quantitatively the symmetric and asymmetric atomic transport in the thermal spike induced ion mixing. The model predicts fairly satisfactorily the trend of experimental observations in the bilayer systems which have near zero heats of mixing and relatively high spike activation energies. For instance, the Pd/Co bilayer system shows nearly symmetric atomic transport, since its constituents have similar activation energies for the impurity diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5379-5380 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Kaufman-type 5 cm convex gridded ion-beam source is characterized in terms of angle-resolved ion-beam current density and beam uniformity at various discharge currents, electromagnet currents, and acceleration potentials. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 4114-4116 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We developed and evaluated a new partially ionized beam (PIB) source to deposit high quality Cu films. The novelty of the PIB source lies in the fact that the crucible and ionization parts are spaced in one cylindrical shell to make its structure compact and to get a uniform beam profile, but their electric circuits are not separated. In this article, we report the characteristics of the PIB source, such as voltage-ampere characteristics of the crucible and ionization parts, Cu+ ion beam uniformity with a change of the ionization currents, and deposition rate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3839-3841 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering was used to deposit SrBi2Ta2O9 ferroelectric thin films on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(001) substrates. Thin films were deposited at room temperature with argon pressures of 0.5–100 mTorr and with sputtering power of 2.5 W/cm2. The crystal orientations of thin films were strongly affected by the argon pressures, the c-axis oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 thin film was obtained with argon pressure of 30 mTorr. The crystal structures of the c-axis oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 thin film were investigated by x-ray diffraction methods: θ-2θ scan, rocking curve, and φ scans. The well aligned microstructure was observed with the average grain size of about 2000 A(ring) in an atomic force microscopic image. Ferroelectric properties were observed for the c-axis oriented thin film: Pr*−PrΛ and Ec were 9.7 μC/cm2 and 50 kV/cm, respectively, with excitation voltage of 3 V. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 4 (1984), S. 83-95 
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators 12 (1987), S. 285-290 
    ISSN: 0250-6874
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 64 (1987), S. 617-619 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 35 (1985), S. 323-339 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Abschätzung einer möglichen Klimaänderung als Folge einer Verdopplung der CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre dienen die Ergebnisse von Studien mit drei-dimensionalen Modellen der atmosphärischen Zirkulation. Diese Ergebnisse können nicht als Klimavorhersagen betrachtet werden, da die gegenwärtigen Modelle noch erhebliche Mängel aufweisen. Sie bilden jedoch die Grundlage zur Entwicklung von Klimaszenarien. Klimamodelle sind gegenwärtig die einzigen Hilfsmittel, um die Reaktion des Klimasystems auf eine externe Störung in physikalisch konsistenter Weise und in hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung zu simulieren. Für den Mittelmeerraum werden die Ergebnisse dreier verschiedener Klimamodelle (British Meteorological Office (BMO); Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS); National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)) anhand der regionalen und saisonalen Verteilungen von Temperatur, Niederschlag und Bodenfeuchte vorgestellt. Die durch einen CO2-Anstieg verursachte Änderung der Temperaturverteilung ist bei den drei Modellergebnissen ähnlich. Die räumlichen Mittelwerte liegen zwischen 2,5 und 4,0 K. Der Vergleich der Verteilung hydrologischer Größen ergibt dagegen kein einheitliches Bild. Die den simulierten Klimaänderungen zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Mechanismen werden benannt und die statistische Signifikanz der Klimaänderung wird getestet. Diese Arbeit dient zur Entwicklung einer Methodologie für den Einsatz von Klimamodellszenarien bei der Impaktanalyse.
    Notes: Summary For the estimation of a potential climatic change induced by a doubling of atmospheric CO2 we use the results of three-dimensional general circulation models (GCM). Although the results from present climate modeling cannot be considered as predictions of future climatic conditions due to the inherent models' deficiencies, they can still serve a useful purpose in climate change scenarios. The reason for this is that climate models are the only tools available to study the response of the climate system to a perturbation in a physically consistent manner and that such types of models can provide a consistent data set of high temporal and spatial resolution. For the Mediterranean area, the results obtained from three different GCMs, namely, the British Meteorological Office model (BMO), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model (GISS), and the National Center for Atmospheric Research model (NCAR) are shown. The regional and seasonal distributions of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture are used to study the potential changes. The results indicate that the CO2-induced changes for temperature generated by the three models are of similar magnitude. The values of the area mean change range between 2.5 and 4.0 K. The precipitation response results in a diverse pattern. The physical mechanism likely to be responsible for the simulated climatic changes are identified and their statistical significance is tested. This type of work will help us develop the methodology and assist us in gaining insight into the use of climate model scenarios for impact analysis.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 2 (1969), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The thermal conductivity of the system J2 ⇌ 2 J has been studied experimentally and theoretically in the range 400 °K〈T〈1200 °K and 10 Torr〈p〈380 Torr. Starting from the definition of the diffusion length a theory is presented which describes the thermal conductivity in agreement to the experimental results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Systems J2⇌2 J wurde experimentell und theoretisch im Bereich 400 °K〈T〈1200 °K und 10 Torr〈p〈380 Torr untersucht. Unter Verwendung des Begriffs der Diffusionslänge wurde eine Theorie entwickelt, welche die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Übereinstimmung mit den Versuchsergebnissen zu berechnen gestattet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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