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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the energetic efficiency in different micro-organisms and the rate and type of metabolite overproduced (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Metabolite overproduction ; ATP/O quotient ; ATP turnover ; Energetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Data regarding the degree of energy conservation as determined by the $$Y_{O_2 }^{\max } $$ and the highest rates of metabolite production reported for various micro-organisms have been collated and analysed. The results have indicated that the highest rates of metabolite production occur in micro-organisms possessing low efficiencies of energy conservation. Moreover, in the case of exopolysaccharide production the oxidation state of the polymer is inversely related to the $$Y_{O_2 }^{\max } $$ value of the producing organism. In general, the rate of ATP turnover associated with exopolysaccharide production or the potential rate associated with over-production of other metabolites is inversely related to the $$Y_{O_2 }^{\max } $$ value of the producing organism. Analysis of current production rates for a range of metabolites suggests that there is scope for major improvements of existing processes by careful selection of appropriate micro-organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569792
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The consequence of stimulating glucose dehydrogenase activity by the addition of PQQ on metabolite production by Agrobacterium radiobacter NCIB 11883 (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1987), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Agrobacterium radiobacter NCIB 11 883 does not produce gluconate under conditions of glucose excess in batch or continuous culture. However, the addition of micromolar concentrations of pyrrolo quinoline quinone (PQQ) to fermentation media resulted in rapid excretion of gluconate by batch and continuous cultures. This rapid dehydrogenation of glucose was found in cells grown under carbon and nitrogen limitation and is constitutive which suggests that the only reason why this activity is not normally expressed is due to the inability of the organism to synthesize the prosthetic group (PQQ) of the glucose dehydrogenase enzyme. Although the addition of PQQ to batch and continuous cultures caused a very rapid specific rate of gluconate production (0.6–1.1 g gluconate g-1 dry wt. h-1) the rate of exopolysaccharide production remained unaltered. Indeed, when the rates of substrate and oxygen uptake are corrected for the rate of gluconate production in the presence of PQQ there appears to be little physiological consequence as a result of this oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252547
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolite production and growth efficiency (1991)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60 (1991), S. 293-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: antibiotics ; exopolysaccharides ; growth efficiency ; metabolite production rate ; organic acids ; yields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The capacity to sustain the large fluxes of carbon and energy required for rapid metabolite production appears to be inversely related to the growth efficiency of micro-organisms. From an overall energetic point of view three main classes of metabolite may be distinguished. These are not discrete categories, as the energetics of biosynthesis will depend on the precise biochemical pathways used and the nature of the starting feed stock(s). (1) for metabolites like exopolysaccharides both the oxidation state and the specific rate of production appear to be inversely related to the growth efficiency of the producing organism. Maximum rates of production are favored when carbon and energy flux are integrated, and alteration of this balance may negatively effect production rates. (2) The production of metabolites like organic acids and some secondary metabolites results in the net production of reducing equivalents and/or ATP. It is thought that the capacity of the organism to dissipate this product associated energy limits its capacity for rapid production. (3) For metabolites like biosurfactants and certain secondary metabolites that are composed of moieties of significantly different oxidation states production from a single carbon source is unfavorable and considerable improvements in specific production rate and final broth concentration may be achieved if mixed carbon sources are used. By careful selection of production organism and starting feedstock(s) it may be possible to tailor the production, such that the adverse physiological consequences of metabolite overproduction on the production organism are minimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430371
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of one-carbon compounds as fermentation feedstocks (1987)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53 (1987), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422635
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  • 5
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    Assessing practical skills at Key Stage 4 and at A-level (1994)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6552
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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