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  • Chemistry  (74)
  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (70)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1255-1256 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reductive Arylation of Vinyl Trifluromethanesulfonates by Friedel-Crafts ReactionThe reaction of vinyl triflates 1 with benzene and toluene in the presence of aluminium trichloride gives alkyl-, alkenyl-, and 1,1-diarylalkanes 5, 6, 3, 9 depending on the structure of the substrate used. A mechanism for the reductive arylation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1987), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diese Untersuchung befaßt sich mit einigen kinetischen Merkmalen der Reaktion von n-Butylisocyanat mit Polyvinylalkohol ohne jeden Katalysator und unter Verwendung von Triethylendiamin als Katalysator. Die Struktur der resultierenden Polymeren wurde mit Hilfe der IR-, 1H-, und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und chemischer Analyse ermittelt. Es wurden Vinylalkohol-Vinylbutylurethancopolymere (VAL-VBU) erhalten. Es ergab sich eine lineare Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Polymer-, n-Butylisocyanat- und Triethylendiaminkonzentration. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante nimmt mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit ab. Das kann mit der sterischen Hinderung durch die Urethangruppen, die entlang der Polymerkette eingebaut sind, erklärt werden. Die Aktivierungsenergie ergab sich zu 49,9 kJ/mol. Eine kinetische Untersuchung der homogenen Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren wurde durchgefilhrt als Funktion der Basenkonzentration, der Temperatur und des VBU Gehalts. Es zeigte sich, daß die homogene Hydrolyse als Reaktion 1 . Ordnung verliluft, sowohl im Hinblick auf die Hydroxylionen als auch auf den VBU-Gehalt. Die Aktivierungsenergie filr die basenkatalysierte Hydrolyse betragt 79,3 kJ/mol. Die heterogene Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren im basischen Medium zeigte, daß keine Hydrolyse unter diesen Bedingungen stattfand.
    Notes: This study is concerned with some kinetic features of the reaction of n-butyl isocyanate with poly(vinyl alcohol) without any catalyst and using triethylene diamine as catalyst. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. Vinyl alcohol-vinyl butyl urethane (VAL-VBU) copolymers were obtained. It has been found a linear dependence of reaction rate on polymer, n-butyl isocyanate, and triethylene diamine concentrations. Reaction rate constant decreases as reaction time increases. It can be explained by steric hindrance phenomena due to urethane groups incorporated along the polymeric chain. The activation energy was found to be 49.9 kJ/mol. A kinetic study of the homogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers has been made as a function of the base concentration, the temperature, and the VBU content. The homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be first order with respect to both hydroxyl ion and VBU contents. The activation energy for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be 79.3 kJ/mol. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers in basic medium showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 37-48 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue Diglycidylester wurden in Gegenwart von quaternären Ammoniumsalzen als Katalysator aus ihren entsprechenden Dicarbonsäuren und Epichlorhydrin hergestellt. Die neuen unsymmetrischen Produkte wurden durch spektroskopische Methoden identifiziert und als Monomere in einer Aushärtungsreaktion eingesetzt. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde mittels IR-Spektroskopie verfolgt. Die Struktur einiger 1öslicher Zwischenprodukte wurde durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie ermittelt. Das thermische Verhalten dieser ausgehärteten Epoxidharze wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: New diglycidyl esters coming from the corresponding diacids and epichlorohydrin were synthetized using a quaternary ammonium salt as a catalyst. The new asymmetric compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and employed as starting monomers in a crosslinking process. The course of the reactions was followed by IR spectroscopy. Some intermediate species were identified in the onset of the reactions by recording 13C-NMR spectra until the products became insoluble in the usual deuterated solvents. The thermal behaviour of these cured epoxy resins was also studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 4281-4284 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Structure and Stereoselectivity of 2-Norbornen-7-yl Radicals and CarbenoidsReduction of 7,7-diiodonorbornene (1) with Grignard reagents proceeds via the 7-iodo-2-norbornen-7-yl radical 2. From the observed syn-stereoselectivity, the absence of π-delocalization in 2 is inferred. This result agrees with the existence of an equilibrium mixture of two classical pyramidal structures (2a and 2b), in which the syn-isomer 2a predominates. The reaction of 1 with methyllithium takes place with anti-stereoselectivity; this fact proves that the anti-carbenoid 4b-M is more stable than the syn-isomer.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 2557-2560 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selectivity in the Reaction of Carbocations with Nucleophiles, 2. Solvolytic Mechanisms of 7-Norbornyl TrifluoromethanesulfonatesThe reactions of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4) with several metal cyanides in dipolar aprotic solvents are studied. The results obtained (Table 1) lead to the conclusion that the solvolysis of 7-substituted 7-norbornyl trifluoromethanesulfonates takes place either according to a kc mechanism or with fission of the S — O bond. In no instance is a C — O fission following an SN2 mechanism to be expected. - The selectivity of the reaction of the intermediate carbocations with nucleophiles cannot be explained by means of N+ correlations nor by the reactivity-selectivity relationship, but can be rationalized according to the HSAB principle.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 919-924 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrimidinones ; Tautomerism ; AM1 calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Tautomerie von 2-Phenacyl-4-pyrimidinonen und verwandten Verbindungen3-Methyl-2-phenacyl-4-pyrimidinone 1, 2 werden durch Sulfidkontraktion synthetisiert. Aufgrund der NMR-Daten existieren die Verbindungen ausschließlich in der Benzoylmethylen-Form, sowohl in Lösung als auch als Festkörper. Diese Ergebnisse werden durch AM1-Berechnungen für die Stammverbindung bestätigt. Die Untersuchung des Tautomeren-Gleichgewichts mittels dieser semiempirischen Methode wurde auf andere Fälle von Enaminoketon/Enolimin-Tautomerie erweitert.
    Notes: 3-Methyl-2-phenacyl-4-pyrimidinones 1, 2 have been synthesized using the sulfide contraction. According to the NMR data, the compounds 1, 2 exist exclusively as the benzoylmethylene tautomers a both in solution and in the solid state. AM1 calculations of the parent system are in agreement with the experimental observations. The study of the tautomeric equilibrium by this semiempirical method has been extended to other cases of enamino-ketone/enolimine tautomerism.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1282-1288 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanism of the Reaction of Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride with Ketones: Reaction with CamphorReaction of camphor (1) with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) in the absence of base yields a mixture of 2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)camphane (9), 1,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-endo-isocamphane (10), and 2,4-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-endo-isocamphane (11). The ratio of these compounds depends on the reaction temperature. 9, 10, and 11 could not be isolated because, during the final aqueous treatment, they undergo hydrolysis leading to 1, 1-camphenyl triflate (2), and 4-camphenyl triflate (3). In the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine (DTBMP) 2 is the main reaction product. The reaction rate is independent of the base concentration. It can be inferred that the base only neutralized the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), without reaction with Tf2O. - Reaction of 2 with TfOH in dichloromethane takes place with addition and Nametkin rearrangement. The ratio of these reactions depends on the reaction temperature. No rearrangement products are obtained in the reaction of 1 with TfOH. The reaction paths for the reaction of 1 with Tf2O are compared with those for other ketones, and some conclusions on the electronic requirements of the Nametkin rearrangement are inferred.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 1907-1914 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The curing reaction of the new bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) 4,4′-carbonyldi-ω-phthalimidoalkanoates 1a-c was studied with several aromatic diamines 2a-c as curing agents. The process was followed by means of spectrophotometric techniques. The influence of the nature of the curing agent on the reaction rate was examined. The adduct formation yielding first chain extension, is the first step of the reaction, followed by crosslinking, once the gel point has been reached. The products obtained were found to be rather thermostable.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The substitution reaction of PVC with sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (NaDC) and sodium azide (NaN3) was performed in cyclohexanone and dimethylformamide at various temperatures. The degree of compositional heterogeneity was estimated and found to be important up to conversions of about 0,5%, but to vanish afterwards. The evolution of unreacted iso, hetero and syndiotactic triads was measured by 13C NMR spectroscopy. For conversions of at least up to 12%, the content of both the isotactic and heterotactic triads was found to decrease, relative to the syndiotactic ones, but at different relative rates depending on the nucleophile. From these results, together with the kinetic ones, it is concluded that the reaction proceeds by a stereoselective mechanism. The results are discussed on the basis of a hypothesis concerning the role of the local triad conformations in PVC that contain the TT isotactic diad conformation. The results enable the selective substitution of PVC with NaDC and NaN3, which may be used as a useful tool to prepare specific graft copolymers based on PVC.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2831-2838 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The modification reaction of dextran with butyl isocyanate using 1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane as catalyst was studied. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on the concentrations of polymer, butyl isocyanate and catalyst was found. The activation energy was found to be 38,5 kJ/mol (9,2 kcal/mol). The homogeneous hydrolysis in alkaline medium was found to be first order with respect to both the base and the butyl urethane concentrations. The activation energy, obtained for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis, was 83,7 kJ/mol (20,0 kcal/mol). The heterogeneous hydrolysis of a water insoluble modified dextran (degree of substitution = 0,72) showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the applied conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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