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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic and nonpolar peptide-membrane interactions. Lipid binding and functional properties of somatostatin analogs of charge z = +1 to z = +3 (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 9714-9721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00088a025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Career Paths in American Luxury Hotels: Hotel Food and Beverage Directors (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of contemporary hospitality management 6 (1994), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-6119
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While much has been written on operational aspects of hotel food andbeverage functions, the literature on career paths and backgroundcharacteristics of successful food and beverage directors is quitesparse. A survey was distributed to all food and beverage directors offour and five star hotels in America to obtain a clear understanding ofthe career histories of food and beverage directors and to determine ifthere are any distinguishing characteristics in terms of demographics,education or experience which are possessed by successful food andbeverage directors. Nearly all of the food and beverage directorsreported having ambitions for higher positions, with hotel generalmanager the most preferred higher position. The results of the studyhave implications for hospitality education curriculum development andhuman resource planning in the luxury full service hotel industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596119410070495
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral structuring of silicon thin films by interference crystallization (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3148-3150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laterally structured microcrystalline silicon in the submicron range has been produced from amorphous silicon thin films by transient holography using a high-energy pulse laser. The energy density along the lines of the transient optical grid is sufficient to induce crystallization at the intensity maxima. Large area laterally structured microcrystalline silicon has been produced by selectively etching the amorphous phase with simultaneous growth of μc-Si:H in a hydrogen-silane plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111347
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and application of dense Penning trap plasmas (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 3651-3660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new paradigm for producing well-confined, dense-thermonuclear plasmas is described. The convergence of a radial beam distribution of a Penning-trap-confined plasma produces a dense inertially confined non-neutral plasma. The equilibrium, stability, classical transport, and particle-handling properties of such a concept are developed. The application of this approach to controlled fusion using a pure electron plasma to form a central virtual cathode in which ions are electrostatically confined is discussed. On one hand, extreme plasma control is required, placing the major uncertainty on issues of machine precision. On the other hand, development is characterized by the manufacture and testing of extremely small and inexpensive systems. Thus, it would seem that a timely experimental test of this concept would be ineluctable. Success at such experiments might indicate an alternate path to practical fusion applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860837
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single and multiple helicity Ohmic states in reversed-field pinches (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1262-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of single helicity and multiple helicity Ohmic states in reversed-field pinches (RFP's) are investigated by a combination of analytic and numerical methods. The single helicity results show that toroidal field reversal can be provided in a helical Ohmic equilibrium driven by a toroidal loop voltage, and that reversal in helical symmetry is related to stellarator transform. Nevertheless, a constant λ≡j(parallel)/B state cannot be sustained because λ must reverse at the toroidal field reversal surface. This helical equilibrium can be thought of as the saturated state of an unstable tearing mode. For a force-free plasma, helical reversal can be maintained by a relatively small value of δB/B because it is accompanied by an inward paramagnetic pinch velocity. Conversely, in models with [big triangle open]⋅v=0, a large outward diffusive velocity must build up to balance the inward paramagnetic pinch velocity, requiring poloidal beta to be of order unity. It is shown that in three dimensions no multihelical Ohmic equilibrium can exist if there is an area of destroyed flux surfaces. Numerical simulations in three dimensions (3D) indeed show that Ohmic states exist, but with fields varying on a resistive time scale. Also, a bifurcation is found between two distinct classes of solutions in 3D. The first is a broad spectrum multihelical state with almost no flux surfaces. The other class consists of narrow spectrum nearly single helicity states with a large fraction of the plasma volume occupied by good flux surfaces. The existence of this second class of states indicates the possibility of operating RFP's in a single helicity mode with good flux surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860082
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulations of constant poloidal beta experiments on ZT-40M using a one-dimensional multispecies transport model (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3241-3250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A one-dimensional (1-D) multispecies transport model for the reversed-field pinch plasma, which includes neutral deuterium and a coronal nonequilibrium model for impurities, is used to simulate a set of ZT-40M [Fusion Technol. 10, 307 (1986)] experiments. In these experiments, the radiation fraction is varied from 15% to 95% by use of krypton seeding, while the plasma operating parameters Iφ and ne are constrained to within a small variation from a fixed operating point. In effect, these experiments maintain an almost constant βθe on axis for the range of radiation fractions. The simulations match experimental estimates of particle, energy, and nonradiative confinement times, and of the electron poloidal beta. The results show that the anomalous thermal transport needed to reproduce the observed experimental behavior, i.e., constant βθe on axis, can be modeled by use of a small amount of parallel thermal conduction. Such a model phenomenologically accounts for anomalous heat transport due to fluctuations or stochastic field line diffusion. This model is also used for parametric studies on the design conditions of ZTH [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 31, 1546 (1984)]. To achieve the ZTH design values it is necessary for particle and thermal diffusivities to improve by a factor of 10–15 over ZT-40M.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860379
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global confinement and discrete dynamo activity in the MST reversed-field pinch (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2241-2246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results obtained on the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed-field pinch [Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] after installation of the design poloidal field winding are presented. Values of βθe0≡2μ0ne0Te0/B2θ(a)∼12% are achieved in low-current (I=220 kA) operation; here, ne0 and Te0 are central electron density and temperature, and Bθ(a) is the poloidal magnetic field at the plasma edge. An observed decrease in βθe0 with increasing plasma current may be due to inadequate fueling, enhanced wall interaction, and the growth of a radial field error at the vertical cut in the shell at high current. Energy confinement time varies little with plasma current, lying in the range of 0.5–1.0 msec. Strong discrete dynamo activity is present, characterized by the coupling of m=1, n=5–7 modes leading to an m=0, n=0 crash (m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers). The m=0 crash generates toroidal flux and produces a small (2.5%) increase in plasma current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859642
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a gradient in parallel current on field error profiles in a reversed-field pinch (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 428-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic perturbations caused by external field errors are an important consideration in both the current operation and future design of reversed-field pinch (RFP) devices. Recently, it has been shown that perturbation profiles calculated in the presence of a relaxed RFP equilibrium (J0 =λB0, λ=const) are amplified when compared to those calculated in vacuum. This work extends the approach to include a partially relaxed equilibrium [λ=λ(r)], which is experimentally realistic, and the effects of finite resistivity, viscosity, and flow. The finite gradient in λ produces an amplification of the radial magnetic field perturbation much larger than that predicted for constant λ. Physically, this is due to the presence of an additional perturbed current associated with the gradient in λ which alters the curvature of the perturbation. Finite resistivity, viscosity, and flow act to reduce this amplification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859884
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of noise and capacitance on the dynamical characteristics of high-Tc Josephson junctions (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1687-1689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamical characteristics of Josephson junctions at finite temperatures are simulated in the resistively shunted junction model including a capacitance and a current source producing white noise. It is shown how the height and the shape of the Shapiro steps as a function of the microwave amplitude are affected by noise as well as by the capacitance. The results of the simulations are found to be in good agreement with recently published experimental data on different types of Josephson weak links fabricated from high-Tc materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110685
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited at high temperatures with a remote hydrogen plasma (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1443-1445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is demonstrated that the stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is improved by deposition under the combined conditions of high substrate temperature (e.g., TD=400 °C) and high hydrogen dilution, as are readily achieved in a remote hydrogen plasma reactor. In comparison with optimized films from conventional rf glow discharge deposition (e.g., silane, 230 °C, 2 W), undoped high TD films possess a lower midgap defect density, the dark dc conductivity in n-type (phosphorus-doped) films displays higher equilibration temperatures and longer relaxation times at a given temperature with an activation energy of 1.0 eV, and undoped high TD films have a lower saturated density of light-induced defects. It is proposed that the ability to achieve the improved stability is a consequence of two effects: (1) the use of hydrogen dilution during deposition to maintain the hydrogen concentration in the film near 10 at. % even at 400 °C and (2) the possibility that at high TD's the hydrogen is more stably incorporated in the random network and/or that the density of weak Si—Si bonds is smaller.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105282
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