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  • Springer  (275)
  • 1990-1994  (275)
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  • 1
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    A thermospray mass spectrometric assay for Fe-induced 4-hydroxynonenal in tissues (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-4201
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9307
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimal predation upon meiofauna by endobenthic macrofauna in the Exe Estuary, south west England (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 117 (1993), S. 311-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field manipulation experiments were performed in the Exe Estuary, south west England, in October 1988, to investigate the importance of the meiofaunamacroinfauna trophic link in benthic trophodynamics. Four hypothetically meiofauna-predacious endobenthic macrofauna species were selected for manipulation using the criteria of high abundance and different modes of feeding: Cerastoderma edule (filter-feeder), Nereis diversicolor (omnivorous scavenger), Ophelia bicornis (sand-ingester), Scrobicularia plana (deposit-feeder). Enclosures constructed from plastic tubing, 63 μm nylon monofilament mesh and galvanized steel were deployed, containing adult members of these taxa at densities raised to approximately four times that of the surrounding sediment. The experiments ran for 12 tidal cycles. Differences in phyletic meiofaunal abundance between treatment and control enclosures at the termination of the experiment were assessed using both uni- and multivariate dataanalysis techniques. Only two univariate significant differences (p〈0.05) existed for the N. diversicolor treatment and two for the S. plana treatment. Annelida, Turbellaria and copepod nauplii were the only meiofauna taxa affected. No univariate significant differences were recorded for either the C. edule or O. bicornis treatments. Multidimensional scaling ordination of the data revealed no consistent changes in community composition between treatments and controls. It is concluded that the experiments provide evidence of minimal predation by macroinfauna upon meiofauna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345676
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of benzo[a]pyrene in the scleractinian corals Favia fragum and Montastrea annularis (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fate of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was examined in two species of scleractinian corals, Favia fragum (Esper) and Montastrea annularis (Ellis and Solander), which were collected in the patch reefs surrounding Alina's Reef (25°23.25′N; 80°09.8′W) in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, in July, 1990. Corals were exposed to initial concentrations of 5 μg/l in a simple static system for 25 h. BaP uptake was estimated from the disappearance of BaP from the water. Uptake rates were 6.5±0.7 and 10.8±0.2 μg BaP cm-2h-1 for F. fragum and M. annularis, respectively, at initial BaP concentrations and were directly proportional to the concentration of BaP in the water. The separation of zooxanthellae from coral tissue revealed that zooxanthellae can accumulate up to 53 and 64% of the total BaP-derived radioactivity present in F. fragum and M. annularis, respectively. Both corals metabolized BaP slowly, as most of the accumulated radioactivity was present as the unmetabolized chemical. However, aqueous and organic-soluble metabolites were found in both the animal and zooxanthellae fractions. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that both species of corals metabolized BaP to various tetrols, triols, dihydrodiols, quinones and phenols, although the pattern of metabolites differed between species. Zooxanthellae contained some of the same Phase I metabolites found in the animal tissue; however, tetrols and triols were absent in extracts from the zooxanthellae. The elimination of BAP from corals was also slow; approximately 38 and 65% of the accumulated radioactivity was still present in F. fragum and M. annularis, respectively, 144 h following the transfer of exposed corals to an uncontaminated flow-through seawater system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347286
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (G)n-Mononucleotide polymorphism in the human D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 719-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Polymorphism in intron I of the human dopamine D4 receptor is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201581
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of regulatory genes nifA, vnfA, anfA, nfrX, ntrC, and rpoN in expression of genes encoding the three nitrogenases of Azotobacter vinelandii (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 422-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Nitrogen fixation ; Vanadium ; anf ; Azotobacter ; nif ; Sigma(σ)54 ; Sigma(σ)N ; Molybdenum ; vnf ; ntrC ; rpoN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      Several regulatory gene mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii were tested for ability to synthesize functional nitrogenase-1 (Nif phenotype), nitrogenase-2 (Vnf), or nitrogenase-3 (Anf). While nifA mutants were Nif–, Vnf+, and Anf+/–, and ntrC mutants were Nif+, Vnf+, and Anf+, nifA ntrC double mutants were Nif–, Vnf–, and Anf–. A vnfA mutant was Nif+, Vnf+\–, and Anf+\–, and an anfA strain was Nif+, Vnf+, and Anf–. lacZ fusions in the nifH, vnfH, vnfD, anfH, and nifM genes of Azotobacter vinelandii were constructed and introduced into wild-type and regulatory mutants of A. vinelandii. Expression of these operons correlated with the growth phenotype of the regulatory mutants. Apparently either NifA or NtrC can activate expression of nifM. Also, expression of the anf operon required the NifA transcriptional activator, although there are no NifA binding sites at appropriate locations upstream of anfH (or anfA). The results confirm previous reports that VnfA and AnfA are required for expression of vnf and anf genes, respectively, and that VnfA is involved in repression of the nifHDK operon in the absence of molybdenum and of the anfHDGK operon in the presence of vanadium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of regulatory genes nifA, vnfA, anfA, nfrX, ntrC, and rpoN in expression of genes encoding the three nitrogenases of Azotobacter vinelandii (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 422-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Vanadium ; anf Azotobacter ; nif ; Sigma(σ)54 ; Sigma(σ)N ; Molybdenum ; vnf ; ntrC ; rpoN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several regulatory gene mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii were tested for ability to synthesize functional nitrogenase-1 (Nif phenotype), nitrogenase-2 (Vnf), or nitrogenase-3 (Anf). While nifA mutants were Nif-, Vnf+, and Anf+/-, and ntrC mutants were Nif+, Vnf+, and Anf+, nifA ntrC double mutants were Nif-, Vnf-, and Anf-. A vnfA mutant was Nif+, Vnf+/-, and Anf+/-, and an anfA strain was Nif+, Vnf+, and Anf-. lacZ fusions in the nifH, vnfH, vnfD, anfH, and nifM genes of Azotobacter vinelandii were constructed and introduced into wild-type and regulatory mutants of A. vinelandii. Expression of these operons correlated with the growth phenotype of the regulatory mutants. Apparently either NifA or NtrC can activate expression of nifM. Also, expression of the anf operon required the NifA transcriptional activator, although there are no NifA binding sites at appropriate locations upstream of anfH (or anfA). The results confirm previous reports that VnfA and AnfA are required for expression of vnf and anf genes, respectively, and that VnfA is involved in repression of the nifHDK operon in the absence of molybdenum and of the anfHDGK operon in the presence of vanadium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative absorption of the two enantiomers of terbutaline after duodenal administration (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: terbutaline ; absorption ; enantiomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of the two enantiomers of terbutaline, (+)-terbutaline and (-)-terbutaline, and of the racemate, (±)-terbutaline, has been studied in six healthy volunteers using a newly developed intestinal perfusion technique. The area under the plasma concentration curve for the (-)-enantiomer was more than twice that for the (+)-enantiomer. The data demonstrate a clear difference in absorption efficiency between (-)- and (+)-terbutaline, but further studies are required to establish whether (-)-terbutaline influences the absorption of (+)-terbutaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278593
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of cimetidine on cigarette smoking (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cigarette smoking ; Cimetidine ; nicotine regulation ; nicotine elimination ; nicotine kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of cimetidine as a treatment that could reduce smoking in heavily dependent smokers has been determined. In a randomised, double-blind, double-crossover experiment, 43 heavy smokers were divided into two groups, one receiving cimetidine 400 mg orally three times a day, and the other receiving placebo for two weeks followed by the alternative treatment (placebo or cimetidine). No significant difference in the mean alveolar carbon monoxide, nicotine or cotinine levels was found between the two treatment groups compared to baseline. Since the alveolar carbon monoxide level reflects the intensity of smoking behaviour, the results suggest that no change in smoking behaviour occurred in the subjects. Contrary to our previous findings that cimetidine decreased the total body clearance of nicotine by 30% in a population of non-smokers, in the heavily dependent smokers, cimetidine did not appear to alter nicotine elimination. One possible explanation for the discrepancy is that tobacco smoking is known to induce nicotine metabolism and the induction might have offset any effect of cimetidine on nicotine elimination. Cimetidine does not appear to be a useful treatment leading to a reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315280
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach to integrate impact scoping with environmental impact assessment (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental management 16 (1992), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Environmental impact assessment ; Environmental management ; Environmental protection ; Impact scoping methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Impact scoping is the process of identifying important issues of a proposal and focusing the environmental impact assessment (EIA) on the high-priority issues. Although impact scoping in one form or another has been inherent to EIA for some time, documentation of its development and discussion of refinements to impact scoping processes have not been forthcoming. This article traces the development of impact scoping through time and highlights the need for such processes in EIA. A focused environmental assessment (FEA) approach to impact scoping that is suitable for implementation in an EIA is presented here and advantages of its use are delineated. FEA is a three-staged process that encourages impact scoping through progressive steps including impact identification, assessment and management planning. FEA combines a suite of EIA methods including: issues matrices, impact hypotheses, valued ecosystem components, and stakeholder participation sessions to effectively integrate impact scoping with EIA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land surface hydrology in a General Circulation Model N-global and regional fields needed for validation (1991)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 12 (1991), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Treatments of land surface processes in General Circulation Models are presently limited by the realism of the simulations of precipitation and surface radiation. We explore this thesis by examination of some of the climatological fields of a 6-year model simulation, using the Community Climate Model version 1 of the National Center for Atmospheric Research with addition of a diurnal cycle and coupled to a detailed treatment of land surface processes referred to as the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme. We examine July climatological surface fields over North America and note an excess of surface solar radiation over Eastern United States. Comparison with satellite derived cloud forcing suggests that the model underestimates the reduction of solar radiation by clouds over Eastern United States and in high latitudes, and so probably largely explaining the excess surface radiation. We consider the annual cycle of model hydrological fields (soil moisture, runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, net radiation) averaged over a box covering the central part of the United States (roughtly the Mississippi basin). The seasonal cycle of evapotranspiration over this box appears to be dominated by the variation of surface solar radiation and less related to that of precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01903414
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