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  • 1995-1999  (476)
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  • 1
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    Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: In sexual transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus, and early and later stages of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, both viruses were found to replicate predominantly in CD4(+) T cells at the portal of entry and in lymphoid tissues. Infection was propagated not only in activated and proliferating T cells but also, surprisingly, in resting T cells. The infected proliferating cells correspond to the short-lived population that produces the bulk of HIV-1. Most of the HIV-1-infected resting T cells persisted after antiretroviral therapy. Latently and chronically infected cells that may be derived from this population pose challenges to eradicating infection and developing an effective vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Z -- Schuler, T -- Zupancic, M -- Wietgrefe, S -- Staskus, K A -- Reimann, K A -- Reinhart, T A -- Rogan, M -- Cavert, W -- Miller, C J -- Veazey, R S -- Notermans, D -- Little, S -- Danner, S A -- Richman, D D -- Havlir, D -- Wong, J -- Jordan, H L -- Schacker, T W -- Racz, P -- Tenner-Racz, K -- Letvin, N L -- Wolinsky, S -- Haase, A T -- AI 28246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 38565/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR 00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1353-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*virology ; Cell Cycle ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Macaca mulatta ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Improved Weather and Seasonal Climate Forecasts from Multimodel Superensemble (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: A method for improving weather and climate forecast skill has been developed. It is called a superensemble, and it arose from a study of the statistical properties of a low-order spectral model. Multiple regression was used to determine coefficients from multimodel forecasts and observations. The coefficients were then used in the superensemble technique. The superensemble was shown to outperform all model forecasts for multiseasonal, medium-range weather and hurricane forecasts. In addition, the superensemble was shown to have higher skill than forecasts based solely on ensemble averaging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krishnamurti -- Kishtawal -- LaRow -- Bachiochi -- Zhang -- Williford -- Gadgil -- Surendran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1548-1550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Severe fibronectin-deposit renal glomerular disease in mice lacking uteroglobin (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-30
    Description: Despite myriads of biological activities ascribed to uteroglobin (UG), a steroid-inducible secreted protein, its physiological functions are unknown. Mice in which the uteroglobin gene was disrupted had severe renal disease that was associated with massive glomerular deposition of predominantly multimeric fibronectin (Fn). The molecular mechanism that normally prevents Fn deposition appears to involve high-affinity binding of UG with Fn to form Fn-UG heteromers that counteract Fn self-aggregation, which is required for abnormal tissue deposition. Thus, UG is essential for maintaining normal renal function in mice, which raises the possibility that an analogous pathogenic mechanism may underlie genetic Fn-deposit human glomerular disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Z -- Kundu, G C -- Yuan, C J -- Ward, J M -- Lee, E J -- DeMayo, F -- Westphal, H -- Mukherjee, A B -- HL47620/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1408-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Developmental Genetics, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Insitutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1830, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9162006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/embryology/genetics/pathology ; *Kidney Glomerulus/embryology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Uteroglobin/deficiency/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Atomistic Processes in the Early Stages of Thin-Film Growth (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: Growth of thin films from atoms deposited from the gas phase is intrinsically a nonequilibrium phenomenon governed by a competition between kinetics and thermodynamics. Precise control of the growth and thus of the properties of deposited films becomes possible only after an understanding of this competition is achieved. Here, the atomic nature of the most important kinetic mechanisms of film growth is explored. These mechanisms include adatom diffusion on terraces, along steps, and around island corners; nucleation and dynamics of the stable nucleus; atom attachment to and detachment from terraces and islands; and interlayer mass transport. Ways to manipulate the growth kinetics in order to select a desired growth mode are briefly addressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang -- Lagally -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):377-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Z. Y. Zhang is a research staff member in the Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6032, USA. E-mail: Zhangz@ornl.gov. M. G. Lagally is the E.W. Mueller Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. E-mail: Lagally@engr.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Measurement of the branching ratiosb →e ν X, μ ν X, τ ν X andν X (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0170-9739
    Electronic ISSN: 1431-5858
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron-Catalyzed Gasification of Coal Char under Composition Modulation (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Energy & fuels 9 (1995), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00051a012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the overestimation of the flow turbulence due to fringe distortion in LDA measurement volumes (1998)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 25 (1998), S. 371-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Fringe distortion with linear longitudinal variation in fringe spacing over the length of LDA measurement volume has been considered to influence the accuracy of flow measurement. The overestimation of the mean velocity and especially of the flow turbulence due to fringe distortion has been derived to be a function both of the fringe distortion number (which is a purely geometrical parameter of the measurement volume) and the flow turbulence to be measured. Against the usual expectation, it has been shown that the overestimation of the flow turbulence due to fringe distortion in the measurement volume could be neglected. Only for very low turbulence intensity dose the error become significant. As a reference this result could be used to estimate measurement errors which occur in the presence of other types of fringe distortion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050243
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclodextrin-based optosensor for the determination of quinine (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 1093-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A flow-through optosensor for quinine is described. It has been developed in conjunction with a flow-injection analysis system and uses immobilized β-cyclodextrin as the sensing agent. The detection limit for quinine was 0.20 ng ml-1 with a relative standard deviation of 2.1% for the determination of 0.05 μg ml-1 (n=7) of quinine. The method has been successfully tested for the determination of quinine in some pharmaceutical preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure, electrical and chemical properties of zirconium nitride films deposited by dc reactive magnetron sputtering (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 64 (1997), S. 593-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 07.85; 52.0
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 and Ar ambient. X-ray diffraction indicated that growth of ZrN with a preferred (111) orientation over Si(100) was achieved. The resistivity of the films varies from 200 μΩcm to 15 μΩcm depending on the N2 content in the working gas. The square resistance of the films deposited on 96% Al2O3 ceramic wafers is stable below 300 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050522
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dimensional thermoelectric materials (1999)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 41 (1999), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The promise of low dimensional thermoelectric materials for enhanced performance is reviewed, with particular attention given to quantum wells and quantum wires. The high potential of bismuth as a low-dimensional thermoelectric material is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1130849
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