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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of frictional losses of spinning levitated magnets with ac susceptibility in high-temperature superconductors (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 255-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of both the ac magnetic susceptibility in melt processed and film Y–Ba–Cu–O and frictional losses of spinning permanent magnets levitated above Y–Ba–Cu–O are presented. A direct correlation is observed only when large susceptibility samples are studied indicative of the importance of grain boundary loss mechanisms. The increasing loss per revolution with increasing frequency for a spinning permanent magnet is explored. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118383
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water in boninite glass and coexisting orthopyroxene: concentration and partitioning (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 118 (1995), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Spectroscopic measurements of water in glass inclusions in pyroxene from boninite samples from the Bonin Islands conclusively document the high (2.8–3.2 wt %) primary water contents of boninite magmas. Associated quenched glass from pillow lava rims have slightly lower (2.2–2.4 wt %) water contents, suggesting that minor amounts of degassing occurred between the time of melt entrapment in the orthopyroxenes and subsequent eruption on the sea floor. Some zonation of molecular water contents in pillow rim glasses was observed. OH contents of the host orthopyroxene phenocrysts were also measured, allowing for the calculation of partition coefficients for water between boninite melt and orthopyroxene. These values (0.003–0.004) for water partitioning between orthopyroxene and mafic melts may help constrain petrogenetic models of mantle-derived magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of OH in nominally anhydrous minerals (1996)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 23 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrous components in nominally anhydrous minerals have been the object of increasing study for the past three decades. OH ions and, less commonly, H2O molecules are found in many anhydrous minerals at concentrations ranging from ppms to tenth's of a percent by weight. Infrared spectroscopy remains the preferred method to characterize these components because of its sensitivity to chemical species, crystallographic orientation and analytical concentration. Improved calibration of the infrared measurements provides a quantitative understanding of the importance of the global hydrogen reservoir contained in the “anhydrous” phases. New and revised values for the amount of H2O in anhydrous minerals are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principles of quantitative absorbance measurements in anisotropic crystals (1996)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 23 (1996), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The accurate measurement of absorbance (A=-log T; T=I/I 0) in anisotropic materials like crystals is highly important for the determination of the concentration and orientation of the oscillator (absorber) under investigation. The absorbance in isotropic material is linearly dependent on the concentration of the absorber and on the thickness of the sample (A=ɛ·c·t). Measurement of absorbance in anisotropic media is more complicated, but it can be obtained from polarized spectra (i) on three random, but orthogonal sections of a crystal, or (ii) preferably on two orthogonal sections oriented parallel to each of two axes of the indicatrix ellipsoid. To compare among different crystal classes (including cubic symmetry) it is useful to convert measured absorbance values to one common basis (the total absorbance A tot), wherein all absorbers are corrected as if they were aligned parallel to the E-vector of the incident light. The total absorption coefficient (a tot=A tot/t) is calculated by $$\left( {\text{i}} \right)a_{{\text{tot}}} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^3 {(a_{\max ,i} + a_{\min ,i} )} /2, {\text{or}} {\text{by}} {\text{(ii) }}a_{{\text{tot}}} = a_x + a_y + a_z .$$ Only in special circumstances will unpolarized measurements of absorbance provide data useful for quantitative studies of anisotropic material. The orientation of the absorber with respect to the axes of the indicatrix ellipsoid is calculated according to A x/A tot=cos2 (x 〈 absorber), and analogously for A yand A z. In this way, correct angles are obtained for all cases of symmetry. The extinction ratio of the polarizer (Pe=I crossed/I parallel) has considerable influence on the measured amplitude of absorption bands, especially in cases of strong anisotropic absorbance. However, if Pe is known, the true absorbance values can be calculated even with polarizers of low extinction ratio, according to A max=−log[(T max,obs−0.5·Pe·T min,obs)/(1−0.5·Pe)], and similar for A min. The theoretical approach is confirmed by measurements on calcite and topaz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199497
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of pesticide discharge into surface and groundwater under uncertainty: A model for environmental risk‐profitability tradeoffs and policy selection (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 2 (1997), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The presence of contaminants in environmental media as well as the desire to maintain a high level of economic activity has led to an important and difficult decision‐making problem for both public policy decision makers and the general public. In one sense, all of the interested parties are likely to be concerned about the potential health risks posed by the presence of contaminants in environmental media and the need to design/implement policies for their mitigation and/or removal. At the same time, however, there also appear to be concerns about the cost of these policies. These costs could be measured in terms of the potential losses in economic activity that are likely to occur when a policy is adopted. The policy can be selected from a range of alternatives, with the choice being driven in part by the stakeholders represented in the policy decision problem. In this case, two general goals might be considered: minimizing environmental risk and minimizing the economic impact of the policy considered. These two objectives are likely to be viewed as conflicting goals, and the nature of the tradeoffs between them must be taken into account in the policy selection process. This paper presents the development of a zero–one weighted goal programming model that can be used to select a preferred policy that minimizes surface and groundwater contamination as well as the economic costs of environmental policy selection. A safety rule model is developed first and then extended to the zero–one weighted goal programming formulation. The stochastic aspects of these structures are emphasized throughout. The paper also addresses a number of issues related to implementation of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019005226304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a virtual reality for plant-associated fungi in the United States and Canada (1997)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 739-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: biodiversity ; Canada ; databases ; deuteromycetes ; Erysiphales ; Mycosphaerella ; Ustilaginales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At present knowledge of fungal biodiversity in North America is scattered in diverse sources ranging from well-reviewed, comprehensive databases to unedited databases of reports from the literature, information on file cards, and uncomputerized reference collections. Resources available electronically were used to determine their relative importance in evaluating the plant-associated fungi known from the United States and to a lesser extent Canada. The results demonstrate that the literature provides the greatest information but that reference collections in the US National Fungus Collections contribute between 22–31% additional data. Little overlap exists between fungi isolated as endophytes and those reported in the literature or as reference collections. Eighty to 100% of the plant-associated fungi reported from Canada are accounted for in comprehensive resources for the United States. A comprehensive database of plant-associated fungi in Canada, the United States, and eventually Mexico would serve as a valuable resource for those making plant quarantine decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018322420928
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  • 7
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    Correlation of frictional losses of spinning levitated magnets with ac susceptibility in high-temperature superconductors (1997)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-13
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    Differentiation stage-specific inhibition of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway by Akt (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: Extracellular signals often result in simultaneous activation of both the Raf-MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways (where ERK is extracellular-regulated kinase, MEK is mitogen-activated protein kinase or ERK kinase, and PI3K is phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). However, these two signaling pathways were shown to exert opposing effects on muscle cell hypertrophy. Furthermore, the PI3K-Akt pathway was shown to inhibit the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway; this cross-regulation depended on the differentiation state of the cell: Akt activation inhibited the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in differentiated myotubes, but not in their myoblast precursors. The stage-specific inhibitory action of Akt correlated with its stage-specific ability to form a complex with Raf, suggesting the existence of differentially expressed mediators of an inhibitory Akt-Raf complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rommel, C -- Clarke, B A -- Zimmermann, S -- Nunez, L -- Rossman, R -- Reid, K -- Moelling, K -- Yancopoulos, G D -- Glass, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1738-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/genetics ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/*metabolism ; Myogenin/genetics ; Phenotype ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: A nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method is presented for quantitatively mapping the physical response of a material to harmonic mechanical excitation. The resulting images allow calculation of regional mechanical properties. Measurements of shear modulus obtained with the MRI technique in gel materials correlate with independent measurements of static shear modulus. The results indicate that displacement patterns corresponding to cyclic displacements smaller than 200 nanometers can be measured. The findings suggest the feasibility of a medical imaging technique for delineating elasticity and other mechanical properties of tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muthupillai, R -- Lomas, D J -- Rossman, P J -- Greenleaf, J F -- Manduca, A -- Ehman, R L -- CA51124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1854-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Elasticity ; Gels ; Kidney/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Kidney Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Kidney Medulla/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mathematics ; Mice ; Sepharose ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Precession of spinning magnets levitated over high-temperature superconductors (1998)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0921-4534
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2143
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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