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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water in boninite glass and coexisting orthopyroxene: concentration and partitioning (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 118 (1995), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Spectroscopic measurements of water in glass inclusions in pyroxene from boninite samples from the Bonin Islands conclusively document the high (2.8–3.2 wt %) primary water contents of boninite magmas. Associated quenched glass from pillow lava rims have slightly lower (2.2–2.4 wt %) water contents, suggesting that minor amounts of degassing occurred between the time of melt entrapment in the orthopyroxenes and subsequent eruption on the sea floor. Some zonation of molecular water contents in pillow rim glasses was observed. OH contents of the host orthopyroxene phenocrysts were also measured, allowing for the calculation of partition coefficients for water between boninite melt and orthopyroxene. These values (0.003–0.004) for water partitioning between orthopyroxene and mafic melts may help constrain petrogenetic models of mantle-derived magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron substitution in diopside evaluated through 11B nuclear reaction analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 681-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Boron ; NRA ; Diopside ; Manganese ; Titanium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Nuclear reaction analyses on boron in flux-grown Me3+- and Na+-doped diopside crystals utilising the 11B(p,2α)4He reaction in conjunction with EMP analyses for major elements and optical absorption spectroscopy for determination of Me-valence state distributions show that appreciable amounts of B may enter the diopside lattice in crystals produced in Na2B4O7 fluxes. The results indicate that the substitution [6]Me3+[4]B3+[6]Mg2+ −1 [4]Si4+ −1 operates in the present diopside samples in addition to the coupled substitution [6]Me3+[8]Na+[6]Mg2+ −1 [8]Ca2+ −1. The specific NRA technique applied allows for quantitative, high resolution (ca. 5 μm) B analyses at ppm level as well as high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of B-concentration patterns in minerals. The estimated detection limit and relative error of the B analyses are 10 ppm and 5–10%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690000113
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  • 3
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    Experimental evidence for partial Fe2+ disorder at the Y and Z sites of tourmaline: a combined EMP, SREF, MS, IR and OAS study of schorl (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: An experimental study of an Al-rich schorl sample from Cruzeiro mine (Minas Gerais, Brazil) was carried out using electron microprobe analysis, structural refinement and Mössbauer, infrared and optical absorption spectroscopy in order to explore the disordering of Fe 2+ over the Y and Z sites of the tourmaline structure. A structural formula was obtained by merging chemical and structural data. The cation distribution at the two non-equivalent octahedrally coordinated sites ( Y and Z ) was obtained by two different optimization procedures which, minimizing the residuals between observed and calculated data, converged to the formula: X (Na 0.65 0.32 Ca 0.02 K 0.01 ) 1.00 Y ( $${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1.65}^{2+}$$ Al 1.15 $${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.06}^{3+}$$ $${\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.05}^{2+}$$ Zn 0.05 $${\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.04}^{4+}$$ ) 3.00 Z (Al 5.52 $${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.30}^{2+}$$ Mg 0.18 ) 6.00 [ T (Si 5.87 Al 0.13 ) 6.00 O 18 ]( B BO 3 ) 3 V (OH) 3 W [(OH) 0.34 F 0.28 O 0.38 ] 1.00 . This result shows a partial disordering of Fe 2+ over the Y and Z sites which explains adequately the mean atomic number observed for the Z site (13.5±0.1). Such a disordering is also in line with the shoulder recorded in the Mössbauer spectrum (fitted by a doublet with isomer shift of 1.00 mm/s and quadrupole splitting of 1.38 mm/s) as well as with the asymmetric bands recorded in the optical absorption spectrum at ~9000 and 14,500 cm –1 (modelled by four Gaussian bands, centred at 7677 and 9418 cm –1 , and 13,154 and 14,994 cm –1 , respectively). The high degree of consistency in the results obtained using the different methods suggests that the controversy over Fe 2+ order can be ascribed to the failure to detect small amounts of Fe 2+ at Z (typically 〈〈10% atoms/site) rather than a steric effect of Fe 2+ on the tourmaline structure.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 4
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    Hjalmarite, a new Na–Mn member of the amphibole supergroup, from Mn skarn in the Långban deposit, Värmland, Sweden (2019)
    Schweizerbart
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉Hjalmarite, ideally 〈sup〉A〈/sup〉Na〈sup〉B〈/sup〉(NaMn)〈sup〉C〈/sup〉Mg〈sub〉5〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉Si〈sub〉8〈/sub〉O〈sub〉22〈/sub〉〈sup〉W〈/sup〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, is a new root-name member of the amphibole supergroup, discovered in skarn from the Långban Fe–Mn–(Ba–As–Pb–Sb–Be–B) deposit, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden (IMA-CNMNC 2017-070). It occurs closely associated with mainly rhodonite and quartz. It is grayish white with vitreous luster and non-fluorescent. The crystals are up to 5 mm in length and display splintery fracture and perfect cleavage on {110}. Hjalmarite is colorless (non-pleochroic) in thin section and optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.620(5), β = 1.630(5), γ = 1.640(5). The calculated density is 3.12 Mg/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Average VHN〈sub〉100〈/sub〉 is 782, corresponding to 〈span〉ca.〈/span〉 5½ Mohs. An empirical formula, derived from electron-microprobe analyses in combination with crystal-structure refinements, is (Na〈sub〉0.84〈/sub〉K〈sub〉0.16〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ1〈/sub〉(Na〈sub〉1.01〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉0.55〈/sub〉Ca〈sub〉0.43〈/sub〉Sr〈sub〉0.01〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ2〈/sub〉(Mg〈sub〉3.83〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉1.16〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉0.01〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ5〈/sub〉(Si〈sub〉7.99〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉0.01〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ8〈/sub〉O〈sub〉22〈/sub〉(OH〈sub〉1.92〈/sub〉F〈sub〉0.08〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ2.〈/sub〉 An infra-red spectrum of hjalmarite shows distinct absorption bands at 3673 cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 3731 cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 polarized in the α direction. The eight strongest Bragg peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [〈span〉d〈/span〉 (Å), 〈span〉I〈/span〉 (%), (〈span〉hkl〈/span〉)]: 3.164, 100, (310); 2.837, 50, (330); 8.50, 44, (110); 3.302; 40, (240); 1.670, 34, (461); 1.448, 32, (6¯61); 2.727, 30, (151); 2.183, 18 (261). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected at 298 K and 180 K. The crystal structure at ambient temperature was refined in space group 〈span〉C〈/span〉2/〈span〉m〈/span〉 to 〈span〉R〈/span〉1 = 2.6% [〈span〉I〈/span〉 〉 2σ(〈span〉I〈/span〉)], with observed unit-cell parameters 〈span〉a〈/span〉 = 9.9113(3), 〈span〉b〈/span〉 = 18.1361(4), 〈span〉c〈/span〉 = 5.2831(5) Å, β = 103.658(5)° and 〈span〉V〈/span〉 = 922.80(9) Å〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. The 〈span〉A〈/span〉 and 〈span〉M〈/span〉(4) sites split into 〈span〉A〈/span〉(〈span〉m〈/span〉) (K〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, Na〈sup〉+〈/sup〉), 〈span〉A〈/span〉(2) (Na〈sup〉+〈/sup〉), and 〈span〉M〈/span〉(4’) (Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) subsites, respectively. Among the octahedrally coordinated C group cations, Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 orders strongly at the 〈span〉M〈/span〉(2) site. No significant violation of 〈span〉C〈/span〉2/〈span〉m〈/span〉 symmetry or change in the structure topology was detected at low temperature (〈span〉R〈/span〉1 = 2.1%). The hjalmarite-bearing skarn formed at peak regional metamorphism, 〈span〉T〈/span〉 ≥ 600 °C, at conditions of high SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 activity and relatively low oxygen fugacity. The mineral name honors the Swedish geologist and mineralogist S.A. Hjalmar Sjögren (1856–1922).〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Hjalmarite, a new Na–Mn member of the amphibole supergroup, from Mn skarn in the Långban deposit, Värmland, Sweden (2018)
    Schweizerbart
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉Hjalmarite, ideally 〈sup〉A〈/sup〉Na〈sup〉B〈/sup〉(NaMn)〈sup〉C〈/sup〉Mg〈sub〉5〈/sub〉〈sup〉T〈/sup〉Si〈sub〉8〈/sub〉O〈sub〉22〈/sub〉〈sup〉W〈/sup〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, is a new root-name member of the amphibole supergroup, discovered in skarn from the Långban Fe–Mn–(Ba–As–Pb–Sb–Be–B) deposit, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden (IMA-CNMNC 2017-070). It occurs closely associated with mainly rhodonite and quartz. It is grayish white with vitreous luster and non-fluorescent. The crystals are up to 5 mm in length and display splintery fracture and perfect cleavage on {110}. Hjalmarite is colorless (non-pleochroic) in thin section and optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.620(5), β = 1.630(5), γ = 1.640(5). The calculated density is 3.12 Mg/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Average VHN〈sub〉100〈/sub〉 is 782, corresponding to 〈span〉ca.〈/span〉 5½ Mohs. An empirical formula, derived from electron-microprobe analyses in combination with crystal-structure refinements, is (Na〈sub〉0.84〈/sub〉K〈sub〉0.16〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ1〈/sub〉(Na〈sub〉1.01〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉0.55〈/sub〉Ca〈sub〉0.43〈/sub〉Sr〈sub〉0.01〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ2〈/sub〉(Mg〈sub〉3.83〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉1.16〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉0.01〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ5〈/sub〉(Si〈sub〉7.99〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉0.01〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ8〈/sub〉O〈sub〉22〈/sub〉(OH〈sub〉1.92〈/sub〉F〈sub〉0.08〈/sub〉)〈sub〉Σ2.〈/sub〉 An infra-red spectrum of hjalmarite shows distinct absorption bands at 3673 cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 3731 cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 polarized in the α direction. The eight strongest Bragg peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [〈span〉d〈/span〉 (Å), 〈span〉I〈/span〉 (%), (〈span〉hkl〈/span〉)]: 3.164, 100, (310); 2.837, 50, (330); 8.50, 44, (110); 3.302; 40, (240); 1.670, 34, (461); 1.448, 32, (−661); 2.727, 30, (151); 2.183, 18 (261). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected at 298 K and 180 K. The crystal structure at ambient temperature was refined in space group 〈span〉C〈/span〉2/〈span〉m〈/span〉 to 〈span〉R〈/span〉1 = 2.6% [〈span〉I〈/span〉 〉 2σ(〈span〉I〈/span〉)], with observed unit-cell parameters 〈span〉a〈/span〉 = 9.9113(3), 〈span〉b〈/span〉 = 18.1361(4), 〈span〉c〈/span〉 = 5.2831(5) Å, β = 103.658(5)° and 〈span〉V〈/span〉 = 922.80(9) Å〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. The 〈span〉A〈/span〉 and 〈span〉M〈/span〉(4) sites split into 〈span〉A〈/span〉(〈span〉m〈/span〉) (K〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, Na〈sup〉+〈/sup〉), 〈span〉A〈/span〉(2) (Na〈sup〉+〈/sup〉), and 〈span〉M〈/span〉(4’) (Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) subsites, respectively. Among the octahedrally coordinated C group cations, Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 orders strongly at the 〈span〉M〈/span〉(2) site. No significant violation of 〈span〉C〈/span〉2/〈span〉m〈/span〉 symmetry or change in the structure topology was detected at low temperature (〈span〉R〈/span〉1 = 2.1%). The hjalmarite-bearing skarn formed at peak regional metamorphism, 〈span〉T〈/span〉 ≥ 600 °C, at conditions of high SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 activity and relatively low oxygen fugacity. The mineral name honors the Swedish geologist and mineralogist S.A. Hjalmar Sjögren (1856–1922).〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
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    Water incorporation in omphacite: concentrations and compositional relations in ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from Pohorje, Eastern Alps (2016)
    Schweizerbart
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-10
    Description: Omphacite in ultra-high pressure (UH P ) eclogites from the Pohorje Mountains in Slovenia, south-eastern Alps, has been investigated by electron microprobe (EMP), infra-red (IR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy to determine OH concentrations and related incorporation mechanisms. Results from polarized IR measurements reveal high contents of structurally bound OH, varying from 530 to 870 ppm H 2 O. Characterization of omphacite composition by EMP analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that all samples contain vacancies at the M2 position, which can be expressed as a Ca-Eskola component (Ca 0.5 0.5 AlSi 2 O 6 ). The amount of the Ca-Eskola component displays a positive correlation with the OH concentration, which confirms results from previous studies. The occurrence of precipitated quartz rods in some samples indicates that primary omphacite contained a larger Ca-Eskola component. Extrapolation of the observed trend-line for the Ca-Eskola and OH contents point to an original OH concentration around 1500 ppm H 2 O for these samples. The high water contents observed in omphacite are considered to be linked to the UH P origin of the eclogite rocks.
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
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    Fluor-elbaite, Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Fluor-elbaite, Na(Li 1.5 Al 1.5 )Al 6 (Si 6 O 18 )(BO 3 ) 3 (OH) 3 F, is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup. It is found in miarolitic cavities in association with quartz, pink muscovite, lepidolite, spodumene, spessartine, and pink beryl in the Cruzeiro and Urubu mines (Minas Gerais, Brazil), and apparently formed from late-stage hydrothermal solutions related to the granitic pegmatite. Crystals are blue-green with a vitreous luster, sub-conchoidal fracture and white streak. Fluor-elbaite has a Mohs hardness of approximately 7.5, and has a calculated density of about 3.1 g/cm 3 . In plane-polarized light, fluor-elbaite is pleochroic (O = green/bluish green, E = pale green), uniaxial negative. Fluor-elbaite is rhombohedral, space group R 3 m, a = 15.8933(2), c = 7.1222(1) Å, V = 1558.02(4) Å 3 , Z = 3 (for the Cruzeiro material). The strongest eight X-ray-diffraction lines in the powder pattern [ d in Å( I )( hkl )] are: 2.568(100)(051), 2.939(92)(122), 3.447(67)(012), 3.974(58)(220), 2.031(57)(152), 4.200(49)(211), 1.444(32)(642), and 1.650(31)(063). Analysis by a combination of electron microprobe, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy gives SiO 2 = 37.48, Al 2 O 3 = 37.81, FeO = 3.39, MnO = 2.09, ZnO = 0.27, CaO = 0.34, Na 2 O = 2.51, K 2 O = 0.06, F = 1.49, B 2 O 3 = 10.83, Li 2 O = 1.58, H 2 O = 3.03, sum 100.25 wt%. The unit formula is: X (Na 0.78 0.15 Ca 0.06 K 0.01 ) Y (Al 1.15 Li 1.02 Fe 2+ 0.46 Mn 2+ 0.28 Zn 0.03 ) Z Al 6 T (Si 6.02 O 18 ) B (BO 3 ) 3 V (OH) 3 W (F 0.76 OH 024 ). The crystal structure of fluor-elbaite was refined to statistical indices R 1 for all reflections less then 2% using Mo K α X-ray intensity data. Fluor-elbaite shows relations with elbaite and tsilaisite through the substitutions W F W OH and Y (Al + Li) + W F 2 Y Mn 2+ + W OH, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 8
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    Crystal chemistry of spinels in the system MgAl2O4-MgV2O4-Mg2VO4 (2016)
    Mineralogical Society of America
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-02
    Description: Eight spinel single-crystal samples belonging to the spinel sensu stricto-magnesiocoulsonite series (MgAl 2 O 4 -MgV 2 O 4 ) were synthesized and crystal-chemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe and optical absorption spectroscopy. Site populations show that the tetrahedrally coordinated site (T) is populated by Mg and minor Al for the spinel sensu stricto compositions, and only by Mg for the magnesiocoulsonite compositions, while the octahedrally coordinated site (M) is populated by Al, V 3+ , minor Mg, and very minor amounts of V 4+ . The latter occurs in appreciable amounts in the Al-free magnesium vanadate spinel, T (Mg) M (Mg 0.26 V 3+ 1.48 V 4+ 0.26 )O 4 , showing the presence of the inverse spinel VMg 2 O 4 . The studied samples are characterized by substitution of Al 3+ for V 3+ and (Mg 2+ +V 4+ ) for 2V 3+ described in the system MgAl 2 O 4 -MgV 2 O 4 -VMg 2 O 4 . The present data in conjunction with data from the literature provide a basis for quantitative analyses of two solid-solution series MgAl 2 O 4 -MgV 2 3+ O 4 and MgV 2 3+ O 4 -V 4+ Mg 2 O 4 . Unit-cell parameter increases with increasing V 3+ along the series MgAl 2 O 4 -MgV 2 O 4 (8.085–8.432 Å), but only slightly increases with increasing V 3+ along the series VMg 2 O 4 -MgV 2 O 4 (8.386–8.432 Å). Although a solid solution could be expected between the MgAl 2 O 4 and VMg 2 O 4 end-members, no evidence was found. Amounts of V 4+ are nearly insignificant in all synthetic Al-bearing vanadate spinels, but are appreciable in Al-free vanadate spinel. An interesting observation of the present study is that despite the observed complete solid-solution along the MgAl 2 O 4 -MgV 2 O 4 and MgV 2 O 4 -VMg 2 O 4 series, the spinel structure seems to be unable to stabilize V 4+ in any intermediate members on the MgAl 2 O 4 -Mg 2 VO 4 join even at high oxygen fugacities. This behavior indicates that the accommodation of specific V-valences can be strongly influenced by crystal-structural constraints, and any evaluation of oxygen fugacities during mineral formation based exclusively on V cation valence distributions in spinel should be treated with caution. The present study underlines that the V valency distribution in spinels is not exclusively reflecting oxygen fugacities, but also depends on activities and solubilities of all chemical components in the crystallization environment.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
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    The implementation of a DSSSD in the upgraded boron analysis at LIBAF for applications in geochemistry (2014)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-583X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9584
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Quantitative hydrogen analysis in minerals based on a semi-empirical approach (2013)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-583X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9584
    Topics: Physics
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