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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastin dehydration through the liquid and the vapor phase: A comparison of osmotic stress models (1996)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 39 (1996), S. 627-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The swelling and viscoelastic behaviors of samples of purified arterial elastin were investigated to develop a model for studying the viscoelastic behavior of elastin. Two osmotic stress models were used: the vapor phase model (VPM), in which the stress on the elastin sample was applied through the vapor phase by equilibrating the sample over a saline solution, and the liquid phase model (LPM), in which the stress was applied through the liquid phase by equilibrating the sample in aqueous solutions of large molecular weight polymers. The elastin in the VPM showed a highly varied viscoelastic response, and was slightly stiffer and had a slightly higher damping coefficient than the elastin in the LPM at equivalent nominal relative humidities. We believe the difference in behavior of the elastin in the two models was due to geometric distortions of the elastin that occur during dehydration in the VPM. In the LPM, the spaces between the elastin fibrils are filled with water, and in the VPM these spaces collapse when the water is removed. Removal of only the interfibrillar water deswelled the tissue and increased its stiffness and damping coefficient.Viscoelastic spectra obtained at different levels of osmotic stress in the LPM were reducible to one master curve, indicating that the dominant effect of dehydration is a nonspecific reduction of molecular mobility. We conclude that the LPM is a better model than the VPM for studying the effects of dehydration on the mechanical behavior of elastin. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated polyester diol-polyurethane composite networks (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This article introduced the formation of an unsaturated polyester/diol-polyurethane hybrid polymer networks(UP/PU HPNs). The phase behavior was examined by the dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology was investigated by transmission microscope(TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM). The effect of phase separation on mechanical properties is briefly described as well.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052400114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial adsorption of trimethylsilane on Ge(100) surfaces (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS ; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; Ge ; adsorption ; trimethylsilane ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Trimethylsilane (TMSiH) was adsorbed onto a Ge(100) surface at a temperature of -150±3°C and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the resulting surface species as functions of the TMSiH exposure in Langmuir (L). The core-level C 1s, Si 2p and Ge 3d photoelectrons were monitored after each dosing. It was observed that the C-C bonds are the dominant species formed at the low doses of TMSiH. The second abundant species at the low coverage is the C-Ge bond. This indicated dissociative adsorption of TMSiH molecules onto a clean Ge(100) surface, which is similar to the adsorption of TMSiH molecules onto an Si(100) surface. As the dose increases, the Si-C species gradually increase due to physisorbed TMSiH on top of the C-C- and C-Ge-covered surface. This study clearly reveals the growth processes of TMSiH on a Ge(100) surface. The electronegativities of C, Si and Ge and the bond strengths of C-C, C-Si and C-Ge were invoked to discuss the initial formation of C-C and C-Ge on the Ge(100) surface. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retardation experiments in glass-forming liquids and their description in terms of the conformon model (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 47 (1996), S. 150-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Relaxation in glass-forming liquids as measured by dielectric, by light- and by neutron-scattering experiments can be described with the aid of the conformon model. Conformons behave like bosons which display a photon statistics. Conformons are excited and can also be annihilated. They show a universal reduced energy density distribution, revealing their thermodynamic roots. Each relaxation mode is assumed to be directly connected with a distinct conformon. The coupling is described by an empirical power law. The actual relaxation time distribution is then obtained by scaling each relaxation mode with the same kinetic factor. The relaxation behavior of liquids is therefore self-similar, characterized by individual factors such as the relaxation power, the coupling parameter and the temperature of pressure dependence of the kinetic factor (“shift factor”).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1996.010470403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Anwendung von Titangußteilen im MRCA Triebwerk RB 199 zur Herstellung eines komplexen Zwischengehäuses (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19750061102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic parameters of the helix-coil transition in polypeptide chains. III. Random copolymers of L-leucine with L-glutamic acidThe preceding two papers of this series are Refs. 1 and 2. (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1739-1753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational transitions induced by pH changes in random copolymers of leucine and glutamic acid have been studied. Significant differences were observed in the potentiometric titration curves of copolymers with small (up to 4%) and large leucine contents. The helical stability of copolymers with small leucine content, determined from titration curves by the Zimm and Rice method, decreases slightly with an increase in the leucine content, whereas the helical stability of copolymers with large leucine content increases sharply with an increase of the leucine content. It is shown that copolymers with large leucine content aggregate in the region of transition into the helical state, but the increase of their helical state stability is not connected with intermolecular aggregation, as it was also observed for a nonaggregating fraction isolated from one of the copolymers by gel chromatography. A conclusion is made that the helix-coil equilibrium constant s for leucine does not itself exceed the s constant for uncharged polyglutamic acid. The stabilization of the helical state in copolymers with large leucine content is due to intramolecular aggregation of helices in these copolymers. The analysis of the leucine residue distribution between helical and nonhelical regions in globular proteins also gives no real arguments to ascribe special helix-forming properties to leucine.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360140814
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase separation of poly(ether sulfone imide) modified epoxy resin (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 2423-2435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(ether sulfone imide)s (PEI) with molecular weight Mn ∼ 104 were synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and amine terminated poly(ether sulfone) having molecular weights ranging from Mn ∼ 400 to Mn ∼ 4000. Thus, the PEIs had the same molecular weight but various imide and ether sulfone contents. The PEIs were mixed with a stoichiometric mixture of diglycidyl ether bis-phenol-A (DGEBA)/diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS). The effect of PEI on the curing reaction of DGEBA/DDS and the morphology of the polymer blend were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. In the DGEBA/DDS/PEI blend with a fixed PEI molecular weight and PEI concentration but with various imide content, the experimental data revealed the PEI with a higher content of ether sulfone had a lower Tg and a better compatibility with solvents and epoxy resins; the curing reaction rate of DGEBA/DDS/PEI was faster for PEI with a higher imide content; the DSC data of cured DGEBA/DDS/PEI showed two Tgs, indicating phase separation between PEI and cured epoxy resins; and the data of optical microscopy showed that the compatibility of PEI with epoxy resins increased with the content of ether sulfone in PEI. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Electrothermal Enhancement of Propellant Burning by Plasma Injection (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 212-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A series of experimental demonstrations of plasma injection into a burning propellant interface is presented. The propellant is a nitro-guanidine based material in the form of a right cylinder with a bore along its central axis. It is ignited by a hot-wire system and, when a pre-set pressure is achieved, a second wire is exploded using a high-voltage capacitor discharge circuit. The second wire forms a plasma, precisely at, or well away from the burning interface. Comparing the pressure histories from these different geometries allows the effect of increased burning rate to be separated from Joule heating of the product gases. Analysis of these histories shows a pressure increase over that caused by Joule heating of the products.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Korrosionsresistenz von einigen gebräuchlichen Aluminiumwerkstoffen in MeerwasserVortrag vor dem Fachausschuß für „Korrosions- und Bewuchsforschung“ der Schiffbautechnischen Gesellschaft e. V., Hamburg, Oktober 1978. (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 673-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of Corrosion Resistance of Typical Aluminium Materials in Sea-WaterThe aluminium alloys Al99,5; AlMn 1 Mg 0,5, AlMg 2 Mn 0,8; AlMg3; AlMg 4,5 Mg 1 were subjected to polarization measurements as well as immersion tests on unpolarized samples in artificial sea water. The Free Corrosion Potential and the surface attack were measured.The determined values for the pitting potential of Al99,5 as well as the investigated alloys AlMg and AlMgMn, were found to be nearly independent of the composition. Differences between the alloys were found in immersion test by measurement of the Free Corrosion Potential. These differences can also be seen in the change of potential and surface conditions. The different investigations permit a general concept of the partial corrosion reactions.The results indicate that in aerated artificial sea water the investigated aluminium materials are generally cathodically controlled.
    Notes: An den Aluminiumwerkstoffen Al99,5: AlMn 1 Mg 0,5: AlMg 2 Mn 0,8; AlMg 3; AlMg 4,5 Mn und AlZn 4,5 Mg 1 wurden in künstlichem Meerwasser sowohl potentiostatische Polarisationsmessungen als auch Dauertauchversuche an unpolarisierten Proben unter Registrierung des Freien Korrosionspotentials durchgeführt und die Oberflächenveränderungen mikroskopisch ausgemessen.Die ermittelten Werte für das Lochfraßpotential von Al99,5 sowie von den untersuchten AlMg- und AlMgMn-Legierungen waren unter den genannten Bedingungen nahezu legierungsunabhängig. Bei den Dauertauchversuchen mit Messung des Freien Korrosionspotentials wurden graduelle Unterschiede im Korrosionsverhalten festgestellt, die in der Verlagerung der Potentiale und im Oberflächenbefund erkennbar waren. Die verschiedenen Untersuchungen lassen im Zusammenhang Rückschlüsse über den Ablauf der einzelnen Teilreaktionen der Korrosion zu. Ihre Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß bei den untersuchten Aluminiumwerkstoffen die Korrosionsreaktionen in lufthaltigem bzw. belüftetem künstlichem Meerwasser von 22°C überwiegend kathodisch gesteuert werden.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790301002
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beeinflussung des Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhaltens des Stahles X 20 Cr 13 durch einen Molybdänzusatz in chloridhaltigen MedienVom Fachbereich Maschinenwesen der Technischen Universität München genehmigte auszugsweise Vorveröffentlichung zur Dr.-Ing.-Diss. von W. D. Haubenberger, München 1976. (1976)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 775-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence on the fatigue corrosion behaviour of the steel X20Cr13 in chloride containing media by molybdenum additionsThe fatigue corrosion behaviour of a 13% Cr steel (used for turbine blades) has been studied in terms of its dependence on carbide shape and molybdenum additions in aqueous NaCl solutions of various concentrations at temperatures between room temperature and 200°C. Further tests in autoclaves were carried out in order to study the surface layers formed above 150°C without mechanical loads. Addition of 1% molybdenum yields a considerable increase of corrosion fatigue strength at room temperature, while there is no influence attributable to different shapes of graphite precipitations. At 150°C the corrosion fatigue strength is largely independent from sodium chloride concentration (0,1 to 27%); this means that very small quantities of sodium chloride are sufficient to produce heavy corrosion in wet steam at 〉 106 cycles. A range particularly suitable for such tests is the load range between ± 150 and ± 200 N/mm2 at 150°C, because these conditions approach those encountered in practice. The passivating layers are very thin (interference phenomena). Considering the increase of corrosion resistance produced by 1% Mo it is expected that 2.5% Mo will produce a further improvement, in particular with regard to pitting corrosion since rupture generally starts at the pits.
    Notes: Das Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhalten von 13% Cr-Stahl (eingesetzt für Turbinenschaufeln) wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Carbidausbildung und vom Molybdänzusatz ermittelt, und zwar in wässerigen NaCl-Lösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen bei Temperaturen zwischen Raumtemperatur und 200°C. Weitere Versuche in Autoklaven wurden durchgeführt, um die oberhalb 150°C ohne Belastung entstehenden Deckschichten zu untersuchen. Durch Zusatz von 1% Mo wird die Korrosionszeitfestigkeit bei Raumtemperatur wesentlich erhöht, während sich Unterschiede in der Carbidausbildung nicht auswirken. Bei 150°C ist die Korrosionszeit-festigkeit weitgehend unabhängig von der NaCl-Konzentration (0,1 bis 27%), d. h. daß schon geringe NaCl-Mengen genügen, um bei Lastspielzahlen über 106 starke Korrosion in Naßdampf hervorzurufen. Besonders geeignet für Untersuchungen ist der Belastungsbereich zwischen ± 150 und ± 200 N/mm2 bei 150°C, da diese Bedingungen betriebsnah sind. Die Passivierungsschichten sind sehr dünn (Interferenzerscheinungen). Aufgrund der Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei 1% Mo-Zusatz wird erwartet, daß 2,5% Mo eine deutliche weitere Verbesserung bringen, besonders im Hinblick auf die Lochkorrosion, da der Bruch an Lochkorrosionsstellen seinen Ausgang nimmt.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19760271103
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