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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 7485-7495 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption kinetics for ethylsilane (ES), diethylsilane (DES), and diethylgermane (DEG) on Si(111) 7×7 were studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. The initial reactive sticking coefficients were determined as a function of surface temperature using LITD measurements. In these experiments, the ethyl coverage vs adsorption time was monitored using CH2=CH2 (ethylene) LITD signals that were produced by the β-hydride elimination of the surface ethyl groups, e.g. Si–CH2CH3(ad)→Si–H(ad)+CH2=CH2(g). The initial reactive sticking coefficients were S0≈2×10−3, 4×10−3, and 5×10−2 for DES, ES, and DEG, respectively, at 200 K. As expected from a precursor-mediated adsorption model, the initial reactive sticking coefficients were observed to decrease with increasing surface temperature. Experiments with preadsorbed hydrogen also demonstrated that the initial reactive sticking coefficients of DES and DEG were reduced as a function of hydrogen coverage. This behavior indicated that alkylsilane and alkylgermane adsorption on Si(111) 7×7 requires free dangling bond sites. LITD experiments revealed that the ethyl surface coverage saturated after large exposures. The saturation coverage corresponded to a deposited Si or Ge coverage of aitch-theta=0.13 monolayer for DES and DEG and was independent of surface temperature between 200–400 K. DEG adsorption cycles were used to deposit increasing amounts of Ge on Si(111) 7×7. The deposited coverage was examined using H2 TPD studies which indicated that the germanium may be forming islands. LITD experiments were also used to monitor ethyl surface diffusion on Si(111) 7×7 after DES adsorption. No evidence of significant ethyl surface mobility (D≤1.0×10−10 cm2/s) was found for surface temperatures as high as 600 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2002-2004 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Germanium was deposited on Si(111) 7×7 by the adsorption and thermal decomposition of diethylgermane [(CH3CH2)2GeH2] (DEG). The DEG reaction products were CH2(large-closed-square)CH2 and H2, which desorbed at 700 and 800 K, respectively, as observed by laser-induced thermal desorption and temperature programmed desorption techniques. The desorption of atomic Ge was also monitored at approximately 1200 K. The production of ethylene was consistent with a β-hydride elimination mechanism for the surface ethyl groups, i.e., Ge—CH2CH3→GeH+CH2(large-closed-square)CH2. The initial sticking coefficient of DEG decreased with increasing surface temperature and a saturation coverage was obtained after exposures of E(approximately-greater-than)700 L at 200 K. This saturation behavior indicates that DEG may be useful for the controlled growth of Ge atomic layers on silicon surfaces.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 29 (1996), S. 246-247 
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Cambridge : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    History of science. 28:3=81 (1990:Sept.) 221-261 
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Primärer Zusammensetzungsbereich und Umwandlungstrends der Mikrolithe aus dem Yellowknife Pegmatitfeld, Northwest Territories, Kanada Mikrolith kommt in den Beryll-Columbit-, Beryll-Columbit-Phosphat-, komplexen Spodumeri-, Albit-Spodumen- und Amblygonit-Typen der Seltene-Element-Granitpegmatite im archäischen Yellowknife Pegmatitfeld des Kanadischen Schildes als seltenes akzessorisches Mineral vor. Der Chemismus des Mikroliths variiert, ist aber mit der gebräuchlichen Strukturformel A2−mB2X1−mY1−n·pH2O verträglich, mit im allgemeinen A = Ca,Na, B = Ta,Nb, X = O, m=0−2, n =O−1 und p=0−1. Der Chemismus des Yellowknife Mikroliths wird durch Ca, Na, Ta und Nb dominiert, U, Pb, Fe, Mn und Ti treten in kleineren Mengen auf. Die Zusammensetzungen des Mikroliths spiegeln die primäre Variabilität sowie die Auswirkungen späterer Umwand lungen wieder. Zwei Haupttypen des Mikroliths können nach ihrer primären Zusammensetzung und den Umwandlungstrends unterschieden werden. U-armer Mikrolith entstand durch metasomatischen Ersatz von früherem Manganocolumbit-Manganotantalit und Ferrotapiolith, mit fortschreitender Umwandlung entwickelt sich seine Zusammensetzung von frühen Ca-reichen, Fe,Mn-armen Gliedern zu späten Ca,Na-armen, Fe,Mn-angereicherten Gliedern. Im Gegensatz dazu bildete sich U-haltiger Mikrolith aus an U angerereicherten, mäßig fraktionierten pegmatitischen Fluiden, die auf Manganocolumbit-Manganotantalit einwirkten, mit fortschreitender Umwandlung entwickelt sich seine Zusammensetzung von U,Ca,Na-angereicherten Gliedern zu U,Ca,Na-armen, Mn,Feangereicherten Gliedern.
    Notes: Summary Microlite occurs as a rare accessory mineral in beryl-columbite, beryl-columbitephosphate, complex spodumene, albite-spodumene and amblygonite type rare-element granitic pegmatites in the Archean Yellowknife pegmatite field of the Canadian Shield. The chemistry of microlite is variable but consistent with the accepted structural formula A2−mB2X6Y1−n pH2O, where generally A = Ca,Na; B = Ta,Nb; X = O; Y = O,OH, F; m = 0 - 2; n = 0 - 1 and p = 0 - l. The chemistry of the Yellowknife microlite is dominated by Ca, Na, Ta, and Nb with minor amounts of U, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Ti. The compositions of microlite are interpreted to reflect primary variability and effects of late-stage alteration. Two principal types of microlite can be distinguished by their primary composition and alteration trends. U-poor microlite originated by the metasomatic replacement of pre-existing manganocolumbite, manganotantalite, and ferrotapiolite; with progressive alteration, its composition evolves from early Ca-rich, Fe,Mn-poor members to late Ca,Na-poor, Fe,Mn-enriched members. In contrast, U-bearing microlite formed from U-enriched, moderately fractionated pegmatitec fluids acting upon ferrocolumbite, manganocolumbite, and manganotantalite; with progressive alteration, its composition evolves from U,Ca,Na-enriched members to U,Ca,Na-poor, Fe,Mn-enriched members.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 55 (1995), S. 203-215 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Granitische Pegmatite, die durch fortgeschrittene Anreicherung und Fraktionierung von inkompatiblen, seltenen, lithophilen Elementen (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Ta Nb, B, P und F) charakterisiert sind, enthalten häufig Mineralparagenesen mit Lithium-reichen Glimmern. Lepidolith und Li-Muskowit treten in Hochdruck-Spodumen, in Niedrigdruck-Petalit, in mit Phosphor angereichertem Amblygonit und in Fluor-reichen Lepidolith-Unterarten aus komplexen orogenen granitischen Pegmatiten und selten auch aus anorogenen, Amazonit-führenden Pegmatiten, auf. Spurenelement-Daten aus der Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse von Lepidolith aus verschiedenen Pegmatit-Untertypen, die Morphologie (tafelig, schuppig, feinkörnig), die Position innerhalb des Pegmatits (primäre Zonen, verdrängte Einheiten, Taschen), Mineralbestände und tektonische Affinität (orogen gegen anorogen) zeigen eine extreme Fraktionierung von Rb und Cs, bescheidene Gehalte an TI, Ga, Nb, Ta, Sn und Zn; und typischerweise geringe Häufigkeiten von Ba, Sr, Ni, Pb, Y, V, W und Zr. Die extreme Fraktionierung wird durch niedrige Werte von K/Rb, K/Cs und Nb/Ta angezeigt, die in Lepidolith von Pegmatiten des Petalit-Subtyps am niedrigsten sind. Aus den verschiedenen Morphologien oder paragenetischen Positionen von Lepidolith sind keine systematischen Unterschiede im Spurenelementgehalt ersichtlich. Lepidolith aus Pegmatiten des Spodumen-Subtyps sind generell etwas weniger fraktioniert als jene von Pegmatiten des Petalit- oder Lepidolith-Subtyps.
    Notes: Summary Granitic pegmatites characterized by advanced accumulation and fractionation of incompatible rare lithophile elements (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Ta ≶ Nb, B, P and F), often contain mineral assemblages which host lithium-rich micas. Lepidolite and lithian muscovite occur in high-pressure spodumene, low-pressure petalite, phosphorus-enriched amblygonite and fluorine-rich lepidolite subtypes of orogenic affiliated complex type granitic pegmatites and rarely in anorogenic affiliated amazonite-bearing Trace element data determined by X-ray fluorescence for lepidolite of various pegmatite subtypes, morphology (“book”, “scaly”, “fine-grained”), position within the pegmatite (primary zones, replacement units, pockets), mineral assemblages and tectonic affinity (orogenic vs anorogenic) show extreme fractionation of Rb and Cs; modest levels of T1, Ga, Nb, Ta, Sn and Zn; and typically low abundances of Ba, Sr, Ni, Pb, Y, V, W and Zr. Extreme fractionation is indicated by low values of K/Rb, K/Cs and Nb/Ta which are lowest in lepidolite from petalite subtype pegmatites. No systematic differences in trace element content is evident among the different lepidolite morphologies or paragenetic position. Lepidolite from spodumene subtype pegmatites are generally slightly less fractionated than those from petalite or lepidolite subtype pegmatites.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 88-92 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cannabinoid receptor ; polyenoic fatty-acid isomerase ; marine enzyme ; anandamide ; red algae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A polyenoic fatty-acid isomerase (PFI) from a red marine alga was used to convert anandamide (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl-N-ethanolamide) to the 5Z,7E,9E,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl-N-ethanolamide isomer. This novel eicosanoid, termed conjugated triene anandamide (CTA), was assessed for its ability to bind to the cannabinoid receptor in rat brain membrane preparations. CTA is a high affinity cannabimimetic substance whose novel structure provides new insight into structure-activity relationships of cannabinoid receptor ligands. These experiments illustrate the utility of enzymes isolated from marine organisms in the development of pharmacological probes.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1992-04-20
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1993-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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