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  • Springer  (48)
  • 2000-2004  (48)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2002-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 54 (2000), S. 575-589 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: TiAl ; oxidation ; Si3N4 ; dispersed particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation kinetics of TiAl alloys with and without 3 and 5 wt.%additions of Si3N4 particles were studied at 1173 and1273 K in 1 atm of air. The Si3N4 dispersions wereunstable in the matrix phase, so that some of them reacted with titaniumduring sintering to form Ti5Si3 and dissolvednitrogen. The oxide scale formed on TiAl–Si3N4alloys consisted of an outer TiO2, an intermediate(Al2O3+TiO2), and an inner(TiO2+Al2O3) mixed layers. The enhancedalumina-forming tendency, the presence of discrete SiO2 particlesbelow the outer TiO2 layer, and the improved scale adhesion bySi3N4 dispersions were attributable mainly to theincreased oxidation resistance compared to the Si3N4-freeTiAl alloys. Marker experiments showed that, for TiAl–Si3N4 alloys, the primary mode of scale growth was the outward diffusion oftitanium ions for the outer scale and the inward transport of oxygen ionsfor the inner scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 20 (2000), S. 64-71 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Korea (Tsushima) Strait is an important seaway through which the warm Tsushima Current flows into the East Sea (Japan Sea). A paleogeographic map constrained by a regional sea-level curve developed on the basis of a number of recent 14C radiocarbon dates suggests that the Korea Strait was not closed during the last glacial period. Rather, it was open as a channel-like seaway linking the western North Pacific and the East Sea. Some fraction of the paleo-Tsushima Current inflow presumably continued at that time through the Korea Strait. The activity of the paleo-Tsushima Current is evidenced by the distribution pattern of river-derived lowstand deposits, consisting of a beach/shoreface complex and lowstand deltaic wedges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 20 (2000), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Variations in the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) since the early middle Miocene were inferred from data on age-depth relationships, sediment carbonate, and benthic foraminifers from ODP sites 794, 795, and 797. The CCD remained relatively shallow during much of the middle Miocene–Pliocene, and deepened sharply at the beginning of the Pleistocene. Since then it has fluctuated rapidly, possibly in relation to the onset of the northern hemisphere glacial cycles in the late Pliocene. The average CCD has deepened since at least the early middle Miocene, coinciding with the long-term drop in eustatic sea level.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 421-426 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words California poppy ; Eschscholzia californica ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The development of a rapid protocol for high-efficiency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from seed-derived embryogenic callus cultures of California poppy (Eschscholzia californica Cham.) is reported. The optimized procedure required less than 13 weeks from the initiation of seed cultures to the recovery of plantlets and involved the sequential transfer of cultures onto solid Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing three different combinations of growth regulators. All steps were performed at 25  °C. Friable primary callus was induced from seeds of E. californica cultured on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The primary callus was transferred to medium containing 1.0 mg l−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine to establish embryogenic callus and promote somatic embryogenesis. Regenerated plantlets were recovered after the conversion of somatic embryos on medium containing 0.05 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine and showed normal development. Embryogenic callus was induced at a frequency of 85%, an average of 45 somatic embryos were produced per callus, 90% of the somatic embryos converted, and about 70% of the plantlets were recovered in soil. The growth rate of somatic embryo-derived shoots could be increased by gibberellic acid treatment, but the resulting plantlets were hyperhydritic.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Keywords Kenaf ; Hibiscus cannabinus L. ; Shoot apical meristem ; Multiple shoots ; Tissue culture ; ""AbbreviationsBA 6-Benzyladenine ; 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; MS Murashige and Skoog inorganic salt medium ; TDZ Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In this research, a medium was developed that would stimulate multiple shoot initiation from shoot apex explants of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf). Adventitious shoot formation on a shoot induction media supplemented with combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 2.3 μmol·l–1) and thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea; TDZ) (0, 1, 5, 20 μmol·l–1) was evaluated. Multiple shoot induction medium with 1 μmol·TDZ l–1 resulted in the highest number of regenerated shoots per explant for all three kenaf cultivars tested (Tainung 1, Tainung 2, and Everglades 71). The 2,4-D did not enhance multiple shoot formation. Additionally, kenaf cultivars 7N and SF459 also produced multiple shoots on the induction medium with 1 μmol·TDZ l–1. Multiple shoot clumps formed after 2 weeks in culture without callus formation. Shoots elongated and rooted within 2 weeks after subculture on a plant growth regulator-free medium. A histological study demonstrated the de novo regeneration of shoots from the shoot apex.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids ; California poppy ; Eschscholzia californica Cham. ; Genetic transformation ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated protocol for the stable genetic transformation of Eschscholzia californica Cham. (California poppy) via somatic embryogenesis is reported. Excised cotyledons were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 carrying the pBI121 binary vector. Except for the co-cultivation medium, all formulations included 50 mg l−1 paromomycin as the selective agent and 200 mg l−1 timentin to eliminate the Agrobacterium. Four to five weeks after infection, paromomycin-resistant calli grew on 80% of explants in the presence of 2.0 mg l−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Calli were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction medium containing 1.0 mg l−1 NAA and 0.5 mg l−1 BAP, and somatic embryos were visible on 30% of the paromomycin-resistant calli within 3–4 weeks. Three to four weeks after the somatic embryos were transferred to phytohormone-free plant regeneration medium, 32% converted to paromomycin-resistant plants. Detection of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene and high levels of β-glucuronidase (GUS) mRNA and enzyme activity, and the cytohistochemical localization of GUS activity in all plant tissues confirmed the integrative transformation of the regenerated plants. The normal alkaloid profile of California poppy was unaffected by the transformation process; thus, the reported protocol could serve as a valuable tool to investigate the molecular and metabolic regulation of the benzophenanthridine alkaloid pathway.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 1015-1020 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Agrobacterium ; Rice ; Cotton ; Tobacco ; Virulence genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of additional virulence (vir) genes and size of plasmid T-DNA in Agrobacterium tumefa- ciens was investigated for their impact on transformation efficiency. Transformation efficiency in tobacco, cotton, and rice was increased when the T-DNA was 4.3 kb compared to 8.4 kb in size. However, when additional virG, virGN54D,virE, or virE/virG plasmids were included with the 8.4-kb T-DNA, transformation frequencies in all cases were increased over that of the shorter T-DNA without additional vir plasmids. The use of virE, virG or virGN54D copies enhanced transformation efficiency; however, the most significant increase of transformation efficiency in all three plant species was observed when the virE/virG plasmid was used for infection. The virE/virG plasmid dramatically enhanced the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer; moreover, this plasmid appears to have broad efficiency since it was consistently effective on two different dicotyledon species as well as a monocotyledon species.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 72.15.Lh; 72.10.Di; 73.50.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Spontaneous (SP) and piezoelectric (PZ) polarization effects on the intraband relaxation time for a wurtzite (WZ) GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) are investigated theoretically as functions of the sheet carrier density and well thickness. The self-consistent (SC) model with the SP and PZ polarizations shows that linewidths for carrier–carrier and carrier–phonon scatterings are significantly reduced compared to those for the flat-band (FB) model without SP and PZ polarization. In particular, line-widths for the e–h and h–e scatterings are reduced by about two orders of magnitude at a sheet carrier density as low as 2×1012 cm-2 compared to the case of the FB model. This is attributed to the decrease of the matrix element due to the spatial separation between electron and hole wave functions. In the case of the e–e and h–h scatterings, the reduction of linewidths is mainly attributed to the decrease of the scattering matrix element due to the increase of the inverse screening length. Linewidths for e–h and h–e scatterings gradually increase with the sheet carrier density since the screening field increases, while linewidths for the other scatterings are almost independent of the sheet carrier density. The SC model also shows that linewidths for the carrier–carrier and carrier–phonon scatterings are nearly, constant irrespective of well thickness except for e–h and h–e scatterings. In the case of e–h and h–e scatterings, linewidths greatly decrease with the well width because of the increase of the spatial separation of wave functions.
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