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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (17)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1
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    Regulation of cell fate decision of undifferentiated spermatogonia by GDNF (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained enigmatic. Transgenic loss-of-function and overexpression models now show that the dosage of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), produced by Sertoli cells, regulates cell fate decisions of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells that include the stem cells for spermatogenesis. Gene-targeted mice with one GDNF-null allele show depletion of stem cell reserves, whereas mice overexpressing GDNF show accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. They are unable to respond properly to differentiation signals and undergo apoptosis upon retinoic acid treatment. Nonmetastatic testicular tumors are regularly formed in older GDNF-overexpressing mice. Thus, GDNF contributes to paracrine regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meng, X -- Lindahl, M -- Hyvonen, M E -- Parvinen, M -- de Rooij, D G -- Hess, M W -- Raatikainen-Ahokas, A -- Sainio, K -- Rauvala, H -- Lakso, M -- Pichel, J G -- Westphal, H -- Saarma, M -- Sariola, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1489-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Programs of Developmental Biology, Molecular Neurobiology, Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cobalt/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitosis ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Sertoli Cells/cytology/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/drug effects ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology ; Testis/anatomy & histology ; Vitamin A/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Requirement of JNK for stress-induced activation of the cytochrome c-mediated death pathway (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated when cells are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the functional consequence of JNK activation in UV-irradiated cells has not been established. It is shown here that JNK is required for UV-induced apoptosis in primary murine embryonic fibroblasts. Fibroblasts with simultaneous targeted disruptions of all the functional Jnk genes were protected against UV-stimulated apoptosis. The absence of JNK caused a defect in the mitochondrial death signaling pathway, including the failure to release cytochrome c. These data indicate that mitochondria are influenced by proapoptotic signal transduction through the JNK pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tournier, C -- Hess, P -- Yang, D D -- Xu, J -- Turner, T K -- Nimnual, A -- Bar-Sagi, D -- Jones, S N -- Flavell, R A -- Davis, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):870-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enzyme Activation ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Targeting ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Federal science appointments (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hess, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 15;246(4936):1374.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17755981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Spatial patterns from oscillating microtubules (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: Microtubules are fibers of the cytoskeleton involved in the generation of cell shape and motility. They can be highly dynamic and are capable of temporal oscillations in their state of assembly. Solutions of tubulin (the subunit protein of microtubules) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP, the cofactor required for microtubule assembly and oscillations) can generate various dissipative structures. They include traveling waves of microtubule assembly and disassembly as well as polygonal networks. The results imply that cytoskeletal proteins can form dynamic spatial structures by themselves, even in the absence of cellular organizing centers. Thus the microtubule system could serve as a simple model for studying pattern formation by biomolecules in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandelkow, E -- Mandelkow, E M -- Hotani, H -- Hess, B -- Muller, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Hamburg, West Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2588005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopolymers ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Light ; Microscopy/methods ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Motion ; Scattering, Radiation ; Solutions ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Tubulin/metabolism ; Video Recording
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Control of nutrient-sensitive transcription programs by the unconventional prefoldin URI (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Prefoldins (PFDs) are members of a recently identified, small-molecular weight protein family able to assemble into molecular chaperone complexes. Here we describe an unusually large member of this family, termed URI, that forms complexes with other small-molecular weight PFDs and with RPB5, a shared subunit of all three RNA polymerases. Functional analysis of the yeast and human orthologs of URI revealed that both are targets of nutrient signaling and participate in gene expression controlled by the TOR kinase. Thus, URI is a component of a signaling pathway that coordinates nutrient availability with gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gstaiger, Matthias -- Luke, Brian -- Hess, Daniel -- Oakeley, Edward J -- Wirbelauer, Christiane -- Blondel, Marc -- Vigneron, Marc -- Peter, Matthias -- Krek, Wilhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institut, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; GATA Transcription Factors ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Subunits/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Accumulation of Mn(II) in Deinococcus radiodurans facilitates gamma-radiation resistance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation. How this bacterium can grow under chronic gamma radiation [50 grays (Gy) per hour] or recover from acute doses greater than 10 kGy is unknown. We show that D. radiodurans accumulates very high intracellular manganese and low iron levels compared with radiation-sensitive bacteria and that resistance exhibits a concentration-dependent response to manganous chloride [Mn(II)]. Among the most radiation-resistant bacterial groups reported, Deinococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and cyanobacteria accumulate Mn(II). In contrast, Shewanella oneidensis and Pseudomonas putida have high iron but low intracellular manganese concentrations and are very sensitive. We propose that Mn(II) accumulation facilitates recovery from radiation injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daly, M J -- Gaidamakova, E K -- Matrosova, V Y -- Vasilenko, A -- Zhai, M -- Venkateswaran, A -- Hess, M -- Omelchenko, M V -- Kostandarithes, H M -- Makarova, K S -- Wackett, L P -- Fredrickson, J K -- Ghosal, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1025-8. Epub 2004 Sep 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. mdaly@usuhs.mil〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Culture Media ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Bacterial ; Deinococcus/physiology/*radiation effects/ultrastructure ; Iron/physiology ; Manganese/*physiology ; Radiation Tolerance/*physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
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  • 7
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    Curvature and propagation velocity of chemical waves (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The collision of circular chemical waves in an excitable medium, the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction, leads to characteristic cusplike structures. The high curvatures of these structures are especially suitable for experimentally verifying the predicted proportionality between the velocity and the shape of traveling waves. A computerized spectrophotometric video technique with microscopic resolution was used to determine the proportionality factor (2 x 10(-5) square centimeter per second), which in this case is the diffusion coefficient of the autocatalytic species of the reaction system. A numerical calculation of the spatiotemporal evolution of the cusp structure is in good agreement with the experimental observations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foerster, P -- Muller, S C -- Hess, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):685-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17839079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Evolution of the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in seawater from cretaceous to present (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: A detailed record of the strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio in seawater during the last 100 million years was determined by measuring this ratio in 137 well-preserved and well-dated fossil foraminifera samples. Sample preservation was evaluated from scanning electron microscopy studies, measured strontium-calcium ratios, and pore water strontium isotope ratios. The evolution of the strontium isotopic ratio in seawater offers a means to evaluate long-term changes in the global strontium isotope mass balance. Results show that the marine strontium isotope composition can be used for correlating and dating well-preserved authigenic marine sediments throughout much of the Cenozoic to a precision of +/-1 million years. The strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio in seawater increased sharply across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, but this feature is not readily explained as strontium input from a bolide impact on land.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hess, J -- Bender, M L -- Schilling, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):979-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17740296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
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    Calcium channels in planar lipid bilayers: insights into mechanisms of ion permeation and gating (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: Electrophysiological recordings were used to analyze single calcium channels in planar lipid bilayers after membranes from bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles had been incorporated into the bilayer. In these cell-free conditions, channels in the bilayer showed unitary barium or calcium conductances, gating kinetics, and pharmacological responses that were similar to dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in intact cells. The open channel current varied in a nonlinear manner with voltage under asymmetric (that is, physiological) ionic conditions. However, with identical solutions on both sides of the bilayer, the current-voltage relation was linear. In matched experiments, calcium channels from skeletal muscle T-tubules differed significantly from cardiac calcium channels in their conductance properties and gating kinetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, R L -- Hess, P -- Reeves, J P -- Smilowitz, H -- Tsien, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1564-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2420007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, ; 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cattle ; Electric Conductivity ; Heart/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Nicotinic Acids/pharmacology ; Nifedipine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Nimodipine ; Potassium/physiology ; Sarcolemma ; Sodium/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Heavy-electron metals: new highly correlated States of matter (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: Heavy-electron metals exhibit highly correlated electronic behavior at liquid helium temperatures, with conduction-electron masses some hundred times the free-electron mass. Whether "normal," antiferromagnetic, or superconducting, their electronic behavior differs drastically from their ordinary metallic counterparts. The physical origin of the large mass and unusual superconducting and magnetic properties is the strong coupling between the conduction electrons and the local f-electron moment fluctuations characteristic of these materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisk, Z -- Hess, D W -- Pethick, C J -- Pines, D -- Smith, J L -- Thompson, J D -- Willis, J O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):33-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17820627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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