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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1
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    Thermoelectricity in molecular junctions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: By trapping molecules between two gold electrodes with a temperature difference across them, the junction Seebeck coefficients of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT), 4,4'-dibenzenedithiol, and 4,4''-tribenzenedithiol in contact with gold were measured at room temperature to be +8.7 +/- 2.1 microvolts per kelvin (muV/K), +12.9 +/- 2.2 muV/K, and +14.2 +/- 3.2 muV/K, respectively (where the error is the full width half maximum of the statistical distributions). The positive sign unambiguously indicates p-type (hole) conduction in these heterojunctions, whereas the Au Fermi level position for Au-BDT-Au junctions was identified to be 1.2 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital level of BDT. The ability to study thermoelectricity in molecular junctions provides the opportunity to address these fundamental unanswered questions about their electronic structure and to begin exploring molecular thermoelectric energy conversion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, Pramod -- Jang, Sung-Yeon -- Segalman, Rachel A -- Majumdar, Arun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1568-71. Epub 2007 Feb 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Applied Science and Technology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-28
    Description: Deep avian evolutionary relationships have been difficult to resolve as a result of a putative explosive radiation. Our study examined approximately 32 kilobases of aligned nuclear DNA sequences from 19 independent loci for 169 species, representing all major extant groups, and recovered a robust phylogeny from a genome-wide signal supported by multiple analytical methods. We documented well-supported, previously unrecognized interordinal relationships (such as a sister relationship between passerines and parrots) and corroborated previously contentious groupings (such as flamingos and grebes). Our conclusions challenge current classifications and alter our understanding of trait evolution; for example, some diurnal birds evolved from nocturnal ancestors. Our results provide a valuable resource for phylogenetic and comparative studies in birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hackett, Shannon J -- Kimball, Rebecca T -- Reddy, Sushma -- Bowie, Rauri C K -- Braun, Edward L -- Braun, Michael J -- Chojnowski, Jena L -- Cox, W Andrew -- Han, Kin-Lan -- Harshman, John -- Huddleston, Christopher J -- Marks, Ben D -- Miglia, Kathleen J -- Moore, William S -- Sheldon, Frederick H -- Steadman, David W -- Witt, Christopher C -- Yuri, Tamaki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1763-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1157704.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoology Department, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*classification/*genetics ; Ecosystem ; Flight, Animal ; *Genome ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    A polymorphism in npr-1 is a behavioral determinant of pathogen susceptibility in C. elegans (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans responds to pathogenic bacteria with conserved innate immune responses and pathogen avoidance behaviors. We investigated natural variation in C. elegans resistance to pathogen infection. With the use of quantitative genetic analysis, we determined that the pathogen susceptibility difference between the laboratory wild-type strain N2 and the wild isolate CB4856 is caused by a polymorphism in the npr-1 gene, which encodes a homolog of the mammalian neuropeptide Y receptor. We show that the mechanism of NPR-1-mediated pathogen resistance is through oxygen-dependent behavioral avoidance rather than direct regulation of innate immunity. For C. elegans, bacteria represent food but also a potential source of infection. Our data underscore the importance of behavioral responses to oxygen levels in finding an optimal balance between these potentially conflicting cues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748219/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748219/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, Kirthi C -- Andersen, Erik C -- Kruglyak, Leonid -- Kim, Dennis H -- GM071508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM084477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG004321/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084477-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004321/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004321-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):382-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1166527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/immunology/*microbiology/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Cues ; Genes, Helminth ; Immunity, Innate ; Movement ; Mutation ; Oxygen/physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/*genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Two abundant bioaccumulated halogenated compounds are natural products (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been found bioaccumulated in the tissues of a variety of aquatic animals and at concentrations comparable to those of anthropogenic halogenated organic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The origin of the MeO-PBDEs has been uncertain; circumstantial evidence supports a natural and/or an industrial source. By analyzing the natural abundance radiocarbon content of two MeO-PBDEs isolated from a True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus), we show that these compounds were naturally produced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teuten, Emma L -- Xu, Li -- Reddy, Christopher M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):917-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Anisoles/*analysis/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Diet ; Environmental Exposure ; Hydroxylation ; Methylation ; Molecular Structure ; Phenyl Ethers/*analysis/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Polybrominated Biphenyls/*analysis/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Whales/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Reconstructing the origin of Andaman Islanders (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: The origin of the Andaman "Negrito" and Nicobar "Mongoloid" populations has been ambiguous. Our analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Onges and Great Andaman populations revealed two deeply branching clades that share their most recent common ancestor in founder haplogroup M, with lineages spread among India, Africa, East Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. This distribution suggests that these two clades have likely survived in genetic isolation since the initial settlement of the islands during an out-of-Africa migration by anatomically modern humans. In contrast, Nicobarese sequences illustrate a close genetic relationship with populations from Southeast Asia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thangaraj, Kumarasamy -- Chaubey, Gyaneshwer -- Kivisild, Toomas -- Reddy, Alla G -- Singh, Vijay Kumar -- Rasalkar, Avinash A -- Singh, Lalji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):996.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500 007, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; Asia, Southeastern ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Founder Effect ; Genetic Drift ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; India ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Stem-cell homeostasis and growth dynamics can be uncoupled in the Arabidopsis shoot apex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a collection of stem cells that resides at the tip of each shoot and provides the cells of the shoot. It is divided into functional regions. The central zone (CZ) at the tip of the meristem is the domain of expression of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) gene, encoding a putative ligand for a transmembrane receptor kinase, CLAVATA1, active in cells of the rib meristem (RM), located just below the CZ. We show here that CLV3 restricts its own domain of expression (the CZ) by preventing differentiation of peripheral zone cells (PZ), which surround the CZ, into CZ cells and restricts overall SAM size by a separate, long-range effect on cell division rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, G Venugopala -- Meyerowitz, Elliot M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):663-7. Epub 2005 Oct 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, MC 156-29, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/drug effects/*growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Division/physiology ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Silencing ; Homeostasis ; Meristem/cytology/*growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Oocyte-specific deletion of Pten causes premature activation of the primordial follicle pool (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-02
    Description: In the mammalian ovary, progressive activation of primordial follicles from the dormant pool serves as the source of fertilizable ova. Menopause, or the end of female reproductive life, occurs when the primordial follicle pool is exhausted. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying follicle activation are poorly understood. We provide genetic evidence that in mice lacking PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in oocytes, a major negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the entire primordial follicle pool becomes activated. Subsequently, all primordial follicles become depleted in early adulthood, causing premature ovarian failure (POF). Our results show that the mammalian oocyte serves as the headquarters of programming of follicle activation and that the oocyte PTEN-PI3K pathway governs follicle activation through control of initiation of oocyte growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, Pradeep -- Liu, Lian -- Adhikari, Deepak -- Jagarlamudi, Krishna -- Rajareddy, Singareddy -- Shen, Yan -- Du, Chun -- Tang, Wenli -- Hamalainen, Tuula -- Peng, Stanford L -- Lan, Zi-Jian -- Cooney, Austin J -- Huhtaniemi, Ilpo -- Liu, Kui -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 1;319(5863):611-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1152257.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Follicular Atresia ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oocytes/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Organ Size ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology/*physiology ; Ovary/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ovulation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/physiopathology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Scientist citizens (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1405. doi: 10.1126/science.1173003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; Public Policy ; *Public Relations ; *Research Personnel ; *Science ; *Social Responsibility ; Speech
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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