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  • 1
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    Electrically, chemically, and photonically powered torsional and tensile actuation of hybrid carbon nanotube yarn muscles (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: Artificial muscles are of practical interest, but few types have been commercially exploited. Typical problems include slow response, low strain and force generation, short cycle life, use of electrolytes, and low energy efficiency. We have designed guest-filled, twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns as electrolyte-free muscles that provide fast, high-force, large-stroke torsional and tensile actuation. More than a million torsional and tensile actuation cycles are demonstrated, wherein a muscle spins a rotor at an average 11,500 revolutions/minute or delivers 3% tensile contraction at 1200 cycles/minute. Electrical, chemical, or photonic excitation of hybrid yarns changes guest dimensions and generates torsional rotation and contraction of the yarn host. Demonstrations include torsional motors, contractile muscles, and sensors that capture the energy of the sensing process to mechanically actuate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lima, Marcio D -- Li, Na -- Jung de Andrade, Monica -- Fang, Shaoli -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Spinks, Geoffrey M -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Haines, Carter S -- Suh, Dongseok -- Foroughi, Javad -- Kim, Seon Jeong -- Chen, Yongsheng -- Ware, Taylor -- Shin, Min Kyoon -- Machado, Leonardo D -- Fonseca, Alexandre F -- Madden, John D W -- Voit, Walter E -- Galvao, Douglas S -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):928-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1226762.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; Electricity ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; Optics and Photonics ; Photons ; *Tensile Strength
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Worldwide commercial interest in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reflected in a production capacity that presently exceeds several thousand tons per year. Currently, bulk CNT powders are incorporated in diverse commercial products ranging from rechargeable batteries, automotive parts, and sporting goods to boat hulls and water filters. Advances in CNT synthesis, purification, and chemical modification are enabling integration of CNTs in thin-film electronics and large-area coatings. Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivities for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromagnetic shields.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Volder, Michael F L -- Tawfick, Sameh H -- Baughman, Ray H -- Hart, A John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):535-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1222453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉imec, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. michael.devolder@imec.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biosensing Techniques ; Biotechnology ; Commerce/*trends ; Nanotubes, Carbon/*chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Artificial muscles from fishing line and sewing thread (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: The high cost of powerful, large-stroke, high-stress artificial muscles has combined with performance limitations such as low cycle life, hysteresis, and low efficiency to restrict applications. We demonstrated that inexpensive high-strength polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread can be easily transformed by twist insertion to provide fast, scalable, nonhysteretic, long-life tensile and torsional muscles. Extreme twisting produces coiled muscles that can contract by 49%, lift loads over 100 times heavier than can human muscle of the same length and weight, and generate 5.3 kilowatts of mechanical work per kilogram of muscle weight, similar to that produced by a jet engine. Woven textiles that change porosity in response to temperature and actuating window shutters that could help conserve energy were also demonstrated. Large-stroke tensile actuation was theoretically and experimentally shown to result from torsional actuation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haines, Carter S -- Lima, Marcio D -- Li, Na -- Spinks, Geoffrey M -- Foroughi, Javad -- Madden, John D W -- Kim, Shi Hyeong -- Fang, Shaoli -- Jung de Andrade, Monica -- Goktepe, Fatma -- Goktepe, Ozer -- Mirvakili, Seyed M -- Naficy, Sina -- Lepro, Xavier -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Kim, Seon Jeong -- Xu, Xiuru -- Swedlove, Benjamin J -- Wallace, Gordon G -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):868-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1246906.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cotton Fiber ; Humans ; Muscles/chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Nylons ; Polymers ; Porosity ; *Tensile Strength ; *Torsion, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Torsional carbon nanotube artificial muscles (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Rotary motors of conventional design can be rather complex and are therefore difficult to miniaturize; previous carbon nanotube artificial muscles provide contraction and bending, but not rotation. We show that an electrolyte-filled twist-spun carbon nanotube yarn, much thinner than a human hair, functions as a torsional artificial muscle in a simple three-electrode electrochemical system, providing a reversible 15,000 degrees rotation and 590 revolutions per minute. A hydrostatic actuation mechanism, as seen in muscular hydrostats in nature, explains the simultaneous occurrence of lengthwise contraction and torsional rotation during the yarn volume increase caused by electrochemical double-layer charge injection. The use of a torsional yarn muscle as a mixer for a fluidic chip is demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foroughi, Javad -- Spinks, Geoffrey M -- Wallace, Gordon G -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Fang, Shaoli -- Mirfakhrai, Tissaphern -- Madden, John D W -- Shin, Min Kyoon -- Kim, Seon Jeong -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):494-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1211220. Epub 2011 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomimetic Materials ; Electrodes ; Electrolytes ; *Muscles ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; Rotation ; Torque ; Torsion, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Biscrolling nanotube sheets and functional guests into yarns (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: Multifunctional applications of textiles have been limited by the inability to spin important materials into yarns. Generically applicable methods are demonstrated for producing weavable yarns comprising up to 95 weight percent of otherwise unspinnable particulate or nanofiber powders that remain highly functional. Scrolled 50-nanometer-thick carbon nanotube sheets confine these powders in the galleries of irregular scroll sacks whose observed complex structures are related to twist-dependent extension of Archimedean spirals, Fermat spirals, or spiral pairs into scrolls. The strength and electronic connectivity of a small weight fraction of scrolled carbon nanotube sheet enables yarn weaving, sewing, knotting, braiding, and charge collection. This technology is used to make yarns of superconductors, lithium-ion battery materials, graphene ribbons, catalytic nanofibers for fuel cells, and titanium dioxide for photocatalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lima, Marcio D -- Fang, Shaoli -- Lepro, Xavier -- Lewis, Chihye -- Ovalle-Robles, Raquel -- Carretero-Gonzalez, Javier -- Castillo-Martinez, Elizabeth -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Rawat, Neema -- Haines, Carter S -- Haque, Mohammad H -- Aare, Vaishnavi -- Stoughton, Stephanie -- Zakhidov, Anvar A -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):51-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1195912.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Manufacturing polymer/carbon nanotube composite using a novel direct process (2011)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-24
    Print ISSN: 0957-4484
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6528
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 7
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    Torsional Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-13
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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