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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired clearance of beta-amyloid (Abeta) from the brain, a process normally facilitated by apolipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE expression is transcriptionally induced through the action of the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and liver X receptors in coordination with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Oral administration of the RXR agonist bexarotene to a mouse model of AD resulted in enhanced clearance of soluble Abeta within hours in an apoE-dependent manner. Abeta plaque area was reduced more than 50% within just 72 hours. Furthermore, bexarotene stimulated the rapid reversal of cognitive, social, and olfactory deficits and improved neural circuit function. Thus, RXR activation stimulates physiological Abeta clearance mechanisms, resulting in the rapid reversal of a broad range of Abeta-induced deficits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651582/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651582/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cramer, Paige E -- Cirrito, John R -- Wesson, Daniel W -- Lee, C Y Daniel -- Karlo, J Colleen -- Zinn, Adriana E -- Casali, Brad T -- Restivo, Jessica L -- Goebel, Whitney D -- James, Michael J -- Brunden, Kurt R -- Wilson, Donald A -- Landreth, Gary E -- AG030482-03S1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DC003906/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- K01 AG029524/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50-AG005681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG030482/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG037693/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC003906/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG037693/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1503-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1217697. Epub 2012 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Amyloidosis/drug therapy/metabolism ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/*metabolism ; Astrocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Fluid/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/drug effects/metabolism ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Odors ; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects/physiology ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Plaque, Amyloid/drug therapy ; Retinoid X Receptors/agonists/metabolism ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Throughout life, new neurons are continuously added to the dentate gyrus. As this continuous addition remodels hippocampal circuits, computational models predict that neurogenesis leads to degradation or forgetting of established memories. Consistent with this, increasing neurogenesis after the formation of a memory was sufficient to induce forgetting in adult mice. By contrast, during infancy, when hippocampal neurogenesis levels are high and freshly generated memories tend to be rapidly forgotten (infantile amnesia), decreasing neurogenesis after memory formation mitigated forgetting. In precocial species, including guinea pigs and degus, most granule cells are generated prenatally. Consistent with reduced levels of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis, infant guinea pigs and degus did not exhibit forgetting. However, increasing neurogenesis after memory formation induced infantile amnesia in these species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akers, Katherine G -- Martinez-Canabal, Alonso -- Restivo, Leonardo -- Yiu, Adelaide P -- De Cristofaro, Antonietta -- Hsiang, Hwa-Lin Liz -- Wheeler, Anne L -- Guskjolen, Axel -- Niibori, Yosuke -- Shoji, Hirotaka -- Ohira, Koji -- Richards, Blake A -- Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi -- Josselyn, Sheena A -- Frankland, Paul W -- MOP74650/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP86762/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):598-602. doi: 10.1126/science.1248903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Male ; *Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Neurogenesis ; Neurons/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-05-18
    Description: Remodeling of cortical connectivity is thought to allow initially hippocampus-dependent memories to be expressed independently of the hippocampus at remote time points. Consistent with this, consolidation of a contextual fear memory is associated with dendritic spine growth in neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC). To directly test whether such cortical structural remodeling is necessary for memory consolidation, we disrupted spine growth in the aCC at different times following contextual fear conditioning in mice. We took advantage of previous studies showing that the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) negatively regulates spinogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. We found that increasing MEF2-dependent transcription in the aCC during a critical posttraining window (but not at later time points) blocked both the consolidation-associated dendritic spine growth and subsequent memory expression. Together, these data strengthen the causal link between cortical structural remodeling and memory consolidation and, further, identify MEF2 as a key regulator of these processes.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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