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  • 1
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    An assessment of global and regional sea level for years 1993–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Modelling, Elsevier, 78, pp. 35-89, ISSN: 1463-5003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-26
    Description: We provide an assessment of sea level simulated in a suite of global ocean-sea ice models using the interannual CORE atmospheric state to determine surface ocean boundary buoyancy and momentum fluxes. These CORE-II simulations are compared amongst themselves as well as to observation-based estimates. We focus on the final 15 years of the simulations (1993–2007), as this is a period where the CORE-II atmospheric state is well sampled, and it allows us to compare sea level related fields to both satellite and in situ analyses. The ensemble mean of the CORE-II simulations broadly agree with various global and regional observation-based analyses during this period, though with the global mean thermosteric sea level rise biased low relative to observation-based analyses. The simulations reveal a positive trend in dynamic sea level in the west Pacific and negative trend in the east, with this trend arising from wind shifts and regional changes in upper 700 m ocean heat content. The models also exhibit a thermosteric sea level rise in the subpolar North Atlantic associated with a transition around 1995/1996 of the North Atlantic Oscillation to its negative phase, and the advection of warm subtropical waters into the subpolar gyre. Sea level trends are predominantly associated with steric trends, with thermosteric effects generally far larger than halosteric effects, except in the Arctic and North Atlantic. There is a general anti-correlation between thermosteric and halosteric effects for much of the World Ocean, associated with density compensated changes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    An assessment of global and regional sea level in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations: a synopsis (2013)
    In:  EPIC3Exchanges : newsletter of the Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (CLIVAR), No.62,(2), pp. 11-15, ISSN: 1026-0471
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: There is a growing number of observation-based measures of sea level related patterns with the advent of the Argo floats (since the early 2000s) and satellite altimeters (since 1993). These measures provide a valuable means to evaluate aspects of global model simulations, such as the global ocean-sea ice simulations run as part of the interannual Coordinated Ocean- ice Reference Experiments Griffies et al. (2009), Danabasoglu et al. (2013). In addition, these CORE-II simulations provide a means for evaluating the likely mechanisms causing sea level variations, particularly when models with different skill are compared against each other and observations. We have conducted an assessment of CORE-II simulations from 13 model configurations Griffies et al. (2013), with a focus on their ability to capture observed trends in ocean heat content as well as the corresponding dynamic sea level over the period 1993- 2007. Here, we provide a synopsis of the assessment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermions and octonions (1987)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 112 (1987), S. 385-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse further the algebraic structure of dependent fermions, namely ones interrelated by the vertex operator construction. They are associated with special sorts of lattice systems which are introduced and discussed. The explicit evaluation of the relevant cocycles leads to the result that the operator product expansion of the fermions is related in a precise way to one or another of the division algebras given by complex numbers, quaternions or octonions. The latter case is seen to be realised in the light cone formalism of superstring theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01218483
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superalgebras, symplectic bosons and the Sugawara construction (1987)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 112 (1987), S. 591-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract New representations of affine Lie algebras are constructed using symplectic bosons of the sort that occur naturally in the BRST treatment of fermionic string theories. These representations are shown to have analogous properties to the current algebra representations in terms of free fermion fields, though they do not act in a positive space. In particular, the condition for the Sugawara construction of the Virasoro algebra to equal the free one is the existence of a superalgebra with a quadratic Casimir operator, paralleling the symmetric space theorem for fermionic field constructions. Both results are seen to be particular cases of a more general super-symmetric space theorem, which arises from considering an affinisation of the superalgebras. These algebras are realised in terms of free fermions and symplectic bosons and lead to a super-Sugawara construction of the Virasoro algebra. The conditions for this to equal a Virasoro algebra obtained from the free fields are provided by the super-symmetric space theorem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225374
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unitary representations of the Virasoro and super-Virasoro algebras (1986)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 103 (1986), S. 105-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that a method previously given for constructing representations of the Virasoro algebra out of representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras yields the full discrete series of highest weight irreducible representations of the Virasoro algebra. The corresponding method for the super-Virasoro algebras (i.e. the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond algebras) is described in detail and shown to yield the full discrete series of irreducible highest weight representations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464283
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertex operators for non-simply-laced algebras (1986)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 107 (1986), S. 179-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A vertex operator construction is given for the level one representations of the affine Kac-Moody algebras associated with non-simply-laced finite-dimensional Lie algebras, using free boson and interacting fermion fields. The fermion fields are constructed explicitly and a detailed discussion is given of the theory of the cocycles necessary for this and other vertex operator constructions. The construction is related in detail to the folding of Dynkin diagrams and a generalisation of it yields Freudenthal's magic square.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209391
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some comments on the ADHM construction in 4k dimensions (1985)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 100 (1985), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A class of completely solvable gauge field equations is investigated. These equations are shown to be closely analogous to the four-dimensional self-duality equations. A similar geometrical interpretation is exhibited, and a generalisation of the ADHM construction is shown to provide solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212684
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of silver by growing and non-growing populations of Citrobacter intermedius B6 (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 314-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Accumulation of silver is reported for growing and non-growing populations of Citrobacter intermedius B6. In non-growing cultures a maximum uptake of 4.35% (w/w) was observed at an initial silver concentration of 2111.2 μmol Ag+ l-1. In contrast the maximum uptake of silver by growing bacteria was 2.81% (w/w) at an effective concentration of silver of 217.8 μmol·l-1. Silver accumulation rates in both resting (460 μmol Ag+ g-1 per hour) and continuously grown (41 μmol Ag+ g-1 per hour) bacteria are higher than previously reported. Cell fractionation and electron microscopy of continuously grown bacteria indicated that accumulation of silver was associated with the cell envelope, in the form of dense deposits of macromolecular proportions. This observation discounts simple surface adsorption as the process of accumulation in growing cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258416
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isolation and characterisation of bacteria capable of accumulating silver (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The isolation of silver-resistant, silver-accumulating bacteria is reported. Following the screening of a number of environmental sources, silver-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from both sewage and photographic processing effluent. The level of resistance to silver and other heavy metals was determined for a selection of these isolates and, together with preliminary accumulation data derived from batch culture studies, one isolate, a strain of Citrobacter intermedius, was selected for further examination. The effect of silver concentration on batch culture growth of this organism was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258415
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New macromolecular carriers for drugs. I. Preparation and characterization of poly(oxyethylene-b-isoprene-b-oxyethylene) block copolymer aggregates (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1195-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This work describes the formation of discrete micelles (⋍ 0.1 μm) from ABA poly(oxyethylene-b-isoprene-b-oxyethylene) block copolymers in water. An efficient labeling of the micelles by polymerization of [14C]-styrene within the hydrophobic core is also described. These micellar nanoparticles are being considered as promising materials for controlled release and/or site-specific drug delivery systems. In experimental animals the micelles remained in circulation with a half-life in excess of 50 h. Our results demonstrate the advantages of using block copolymers for the preparation of “perfect” biocompatible surfaces such as are required for well-tolerated, long-circulating particulate drug carriers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440709
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