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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2015-2019  (532)
  • 1995-1999  (756)
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and electrical characterization of heteroepitaxial lead zirconate titanate thin films (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 393-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: PbZrxTi1−xO3 films have been grown heteroepitaxially onto (001)SrTiO3 and SrRuO3/(001)SrTiO3 by organometallic chemical vapor deposition. As a start, the microstructure of PbZrxTi1−xO3 films on (001)SrTiO3 was studied as a function of the zirconium fraction, x. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, including channeling experiments, and transmission electron microscopy have shown that the microstructure is dominated by the crystal structure of the PbZrxTi1−xO3. In the case of tetragonal PbZrxTi1−xO3 the films may contain a-axis oriented regions. These regions have not been observed for films with a composition giving a rhombohedral unit cell. Despite the rather large mismatch of rhombohedral PbZrxTi1−xO3 with the (001)SrTiO3, values as low as 4% for the minimum channeling yield have been obtained. For a rhombohedral film the ferroelectric properties have been measured. To this end a single crystalline PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3 film was grown onto (001)SrTiO3 provided with a heteroepitaxial SrRuO3 electrode grown by pulsed-laser deposition. A heteroepitaxial top electrode was grown onto the PbZrxTi1−xO3 using the same technique. The channeling minimum yield of the heteroepitaxial stack was 11%. The hysteresis loop saturates already at 1 V. Endurance up to 1012 cycles was observed without severe degradation of the ferroelectric properties. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360843
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting resonator circuits at frequencies above the gap frequency (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1795-1804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency response of three superconductive niobium resonating circuits, formed by a Nb microstrip and a Nb tunnel junction, is measured and analyzed at frequencies above the superconducting gap frequency. The circuits are placed in a waveguide system and the frequency response is determined with a Fourier transform spectrometer. The calculated and measured resonance frequencies and bandwidths are in good agreement with the extreme anomalous limit of the Mattis–Bardeen theory on the anomalous skin effect in superconductors [D.C. Mattis and J. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. 111, 412 (1958)]. The observed loss is higher than predicted by this theory, in agreement with previous observations on Nb films. The use of other materials for striplines as tuning circuits for heterodyne superconducting tunnel junction mixers is analyzed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358876
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the current emitted by Taylor cone-jets of electrolytes in vacuo: Implications for liquid metal ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2428-2434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Approximate scaling laws for the charge and size of the drops ejected from the apex of Taylor cones run in the cone-jet mode (electrospray) are now available for highly conducting electrolytes (10−4 S/m〈K〈1 S/m) electrosprayed at atmospheric pressure. In order to confirm that such laws do also apply to Taylor cones in vacuo, the current versus liquid flow rate curves I(Q) characteristic of a given liquid are investigated both in vacuum and in atmospheric pressure air. Although the sprays of drops differ profoundly in both cases, the two corresponding I(Q) curves are nearly identical for relatively involatile liquids such as tributyl phosphate. A discussion on the possible relation between the behavior of Taylor cones of electrolytes of organic liquids and liquid metal ion sources (K∼106 S/m) is attempted, yielding insights on the role of space charge. However, the electrical conductivity variable which dominates the behavior of liquid cones of electrolytes appears to be irrelevant in liquid metals. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low noise high-Tc superconducting bolometers on silicon nitride membranes for far-infrared detection (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4719-4726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-Tc GdBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductor bolometers with operation temperatures near 89 K, large receiving areas of 0.95 mm2 and very high detectivity have been made. The bolometers are supported by 0.62 μm thick silicon nitride membranes. A specially developed silicon-on-nitride layer was used to enable the epitaxial growth of the high-Tc superconductor. Using a gold black absorption layer an absorption efficiency for wavelengths between 70 and 200 μm of about 83% has been established. The noise of the best devices is fully dominated by the intrinsic phonon noise of the thermal conductance G, and not by the 1/f noise of the superconducting film. The temperature dependence of the noise and the resulting optimum bias temperature have been investigated. In the analysis the often neglected effect of electrothermal feedback has been taken into account. The minimum electrical noise equivalent power (NEP) of a bolometer with a time constant τ of 95 ms is 2.9 pW/Hz1/2 which corresponds with an electrical detectivity D* of 3.4×1010 cm Hz1/2/W. Similar bolometers with τ=27 ms and NEP=3.8 pW/Hz1/2 were also made. No degradation of the bolometers could be observed after vibration tests, thermal cycling and half a year storage. Measurements of the noise of a Pr doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ film with Tc=40 K show that with such films the performance of air bridge type high-Tc bolometers could be improved. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366327
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady state off-axis sawtoothing in the Rijnhuizen Tokamak project (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3898-3905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A family of off-axis, or annular, instabilities has been studied using Thomson scattering, soft X-ray emission, and two electron cyclotron emission diagnostic systems. In the Rijnhuizen tokamak (RTP) [N. J. Lopes Cardozo et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1992 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1993), Vol. 1, p. 271] these phenomena are invoked in a controlled way in discharges with specific (off-axis) deposition of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and persist during most of the heating period, or during many current diffusion times. Based on coherent mode analysis at the crash time, the instabilities are associated with resonant surfaces near simple rational values of q (〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉32, 2, and 3). A parameter study shows an increase of reheat rate and a decrease of sawtooth period with increasing ECH power and — in contrast to observations in other experiments — with increASING density as well. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873652
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous electron precipitation near the Earth's auroral zone induced by the wave–particle interaction (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2269-2275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results of a numerical simulation of anomalous electron precipitation in the Earth's auroral zone induced by waves are discussed. In order to study the plasma electron–wave interaction, a two-dimensional quasilinear code has been used. A quasilinear operator models the electron Landau damping of any plasma eigenmodes: kinetic Alfvén waves, whistlers, lower hybrid waves, etc. The distribution function structure was analyzed. The electron current induced by waves, the density, and the plasma energy decay, which stimulates the electron precipitation, have also been investigated. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872390
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves in the two-fluid model (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2879-2884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Employing the two-fluid model, a generalized Sagdeev equation governing solitary kinetic Alfvén waves (SKAWs) and the criterion for the existence of SKAWs, which are valid for different ranges of plasma pressure parameter β, are presented. In the limit cases of β(very-much-greater-than)me/mi and β(very-much-less-than)me/mi, the present results correspond, respectively, with conclusions obtained by Hasegawa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 690 (1976)] and by Shukla et al. [J. Plasma Phys. 28, 125 (1982)], that is, SKAWs accompanied by, respectively, hump and dip density solitons for β(very-much-greater-than)me/mi and β(very-much-less-than)me/mi. However, for the case of β∼me/mi, the present results show that SKAWs accompanied by both hump and dip density solitons are possible, and lead to KdV solitons in the small amplitude limit. In addition, the possibility for applying these results to electromagnetic spikes observed by the Freja scientific satellite is discussed [detailed information about the Freja satellite experiments can be found in serial papers presented in Space Sci. Rev. 70, Nos. 3/4 (1994)]. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871648
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alfvén waves and rotation of collisional plasmas in tokamaks (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2818-2820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of radio frequency fields on a plasma rotation in the edge (collisional) region of slightly rippled tokamaks is considered. The expressions for poloidal and toroidal velocities and for quasistationary radial electric fields are obtained as a function of absorbed rf power. The estimations of these quantities for the Phaedrus-T tokamak [N. Hershkovitz et al., 15th International Atomic Energy Agency Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Seville, 1994 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, in press)] are also presented. It is shown that Alfvén waves can strongly modify the rotation velocities and radial electric fields in collisional regions of tokamak plasmas. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871716
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of trapped electrons on the dielectric properties of the Earth's radiation belts (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3798-3808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dielectric tensor of an axisymmetric magnetosphere is derived by solving the Vlasov equations for trapped particles for a two-dimensional plasma model with circular magnetic field lines. Because of the nonuniformity of the geomagnetic field any Fourier harmonic of the perturbed current density (after its Fourier expansion over the geomagnetic latitude) is proportional to the sum over all harmonics of the oscillating electric field; that leads to additional wave dissipation effects. The resonant conditions for wave–particle interactions are discussed taking into account the cyclotron and bounce resonances; these conditions in magnetospheric plasmas are entirely different from the Landau damping resonant factor in the uniform magnetic field. The numerical calculations of the longitudinal permeability in the Earth's radiation belts (the equatorial distance of the magnetic field line is five Earth's radii) are carried out for short-period oscillations with the frequency ω∼2 s−1 and longitudinal wave numbers n=1,...,15. The different energy levels of the trapped electrons, T∼40–4000 eV, are considered. It is shown that, in the low-frequency region, the imaginary part of the longitudinal permeability decreases as ∼T−2.5 whereas the electron temperature increases. This decrease is stronger than ∼T−1.5 for plasmas in a straight magnetic field. For a given wave frequency, the basic contribution of trapped electrons to the imaginary part of longitudinal permeability is associated with the low numbers of bounce resonances and the low longitudinal wave numbers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871512
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analytical solution of finite-amplitude solitary kinetic Alfvén waves (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4476-4481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analytical solution of finite-amplitude solitary kinetic Alfvén waves (SKAWs) in a low-β (β(very-much-less-than)me/mi(very-much-less-than)1) plasma is presented. This solution has been compared with the solution of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation in the small-amplitude limit. It is found that the KdV soliton solution is valid only for the maximum relative density perturbation Nm〈0.1. For the larger Nm, the exact analytical solution shows that the SKAWs have a much wider structure and much stronger perturbed fields than the KdV solitons with the same Nm. Moreover, the relations between the width and the amplitude of SKAWs are also considerably different from that of the KdV solitons. In addition, the possibility for applying these results to some events observed from the Freja scientific satellite is discussed. (The Freja is a Swedish–German scientific project for the investigation of ionospheric and magnetospheric plasmas, and the Freja satellite was launched on a Long-March II rocket of China on October 6, 1992.) © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871005
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