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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-03-17
    Description: Rift-basins are the shallow effects of lithosphere-scale extensional processes often producing polyphase faulting. Their sedimentary evolution depends on the mutual interplay between tectonics, climate, and eustasy. Estimating the role of each factor is generally a challenging issue. This paper is focused on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Neogene Siena-Radicofani Basin, a polyphase structural depression located in the inner Northern Apennines. Since Miocene, this basin developed after prolonged extensional tectonics, first as a bowl-shaped structural depression, later reorganized into a half-graben structure due to the activation of high-angle normal faults in the Zanclean. At that time the basin contained coeval continental and marine settings controlled by the normal faulting that caused the development of local coarse-grained depositional systems. These were investigated to: (i) discriminate between the influences of tectonics and climate on sedimentation patterns, and (ii) provide detailed time constraints on fault activity. The analysed successions were deposited in an interval between 5.08 and 4.52 Ma, when a climate-induced highstand phase occurred throughout the Mediterranean. However, evidence of local relative sea-level drops is registered in the sedimentary record, often associated with increased accommodation space and sediment supply. Such base-level fluctuations are not connected to climate changes, suggesting that the faults generally control sedimentation along the basin margins.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Il progetto RETRACE-3D (centRal italy EarThquakes integRAted Crustal modEl) è volto alla caratterizzazione tridimensionale, geologica e sismotettonica, del volume di crosta terrestre che a partire dal 24 agosto 2016 è stato interessato dai terremoti di Amatrice, Visso e Norcia, e dalla relativa sequenza sismica. Il progetto è il risultato di una collaborazione tra il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche che partecipa con l’Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria (CNR-IGAG) e l’Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente (CNR-IREA) e l’Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), con la collaborazione di Eni e Total, realtà private ma anch’esse parte del Servizio nazionale della Protezione Civile, che hanno messo a disposizione i propri dati di sottosuolo.
    Description: INGV, ISPRA, CNR-IGAG, DPC
    Description: Published
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Central Appennines ; 2016 seismic sequence ; Seismotectonics ; 3D geological model
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Three-dimensional geological model of the area of the central Apennines affected by the 2016-2018 seismic sequence. The model consists of stratigraphic surfaces (top or basal unconformity of units, or sequences of units, with homogeneous behavior) and main faults of the area. The stratigraphic surfaces are, from the oldest to the most recent: the top of pre-Upper Triassic units, the top of the intra-Triassic units, the top of Calcare Massiccio, the top of the Marne
    Description: INGV, ISPRA, CNR-IGAG, DPC.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Keywords: Central Appennines ; 2016 seismic sequence ; Seismotectonics ; 3D geological model
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Italy's Mt.Vesuvius has been slumbering for a long time, but its silence could preface an eruption with potentially disastrous ef­fects for 600,000 people living on the vol­cano's slopes. To assess the scenario of the next eruption, the National Group of Vol-canology (GNV) of the Italian National Coun­cil of Researches (CNR) has fostered research aimed at mitigating eruption risk to the densely populated area. In this framework, researchers have gathered high-resolution seismic tomography data to better under­stand the internal structure of Mt. Vesuvius. The experiments were carried out during the last 4 years. The data will be used in three-dimen­sional modeling of the structure of Mt. Vesu­vius and underlying upper crust. Seismic velocities and attenuation and density con­trasts will be calculated, with special empha­sis on the delineation of significant magma reservoirs of more than 1 km in diameter. In modeling Mt. Vesuvius, tools are being devel­oped for using seismogram information to ob­tain high-quality seismic imaging of heterogeneous structures such as volcanoes
    Description: Published
    Description: 229-230, 232
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Tomography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-02-25
    Description: We investigated the calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of middle Eocene – lower Oligocene sediments from ODP Hole 709 C, equatorial Indian Ocean. The new bio-magnetostratigraphic analyses have resulted in an accurate biochronology of the interval span- ning Chrons C20r (middle Eocene) to C12r, in which 29 bioevents were investigated, in a 12 myr interval. The magnetostratigraphic signal is less clear across the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) but becomes more reliable at the top of Chron C13n to Chron C12r (early Oligocene). Quantitative analyses of calcareous nannofossil as- semblages allowed recognition of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) and the long cooling trend leading to the glacial state starting in the early Oligocene. We identify two hiatuses, in the lower middle Eocene and across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT). Across the latter unconformity, a major transition from oligotrophic to eutrophic favoring nannofossil taxa highlights the enhanced sea surface nutrient availability during the transition to the early Oligocene glacial system. Finally, a late Oligocene warming event is recorded at this site by the increase in calcareous nannofossil taxa that preferred warm water.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102051
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: This paper provides a new contribution to the construction of the complex and fragmentary mosaic of the Late Holocene earthquakes history of the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (CNAF) in Turkey. The CNAF clearly displays lower dextral slip rates with respect to the northern strand however, surface rupturing and large damaging earthquakes (M 〉 7) occurred in the past, leaving clear signatures in the built and natural environments. The association of these historical events to specific earthquake sources (e.g., Gemlik, İznik, or Geyve fault segments) is still a matter of debate. We excavated two trenches across the İznik fault trace near Mustafali, a village about 10 km WSW of İznik where the morphological fault scarp was visible although modified by agricultural activities. Radiocarbon and TL dating on samples collected from the trenches show that the displaced deposits are very recent and span the past 2 millennia at most. Evidence for four surface faulting events was found in the Mustafali trenches. The integration of these results with historical data and previous paleoseismological data yields an updated Late Holocene history of surface-rupturing earthquakes along the İznik Fault in 1855, 740 (715), 362, and 121 CE. Evidence for the large M7 + historical earthquake dated 1419 CE generally attributed to this fault, was not found at any trench site along the İznik fault nor in the subaqueous record. This unfit between paleoseismological, stratigraphic, and historical data highlights one more time the urge for extensive paleoseismological trenching and offshore campaigns because of the high potential to solve the uncertainties on the seismogenic history (age, earthquake location, extent of the rupture and size) of this portion of NAFZ and especially on the attribution of historical earthquakes to the causative fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115–128
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: After the 2004 Indian Ocean (IOT) and the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunamis, new research in tsunami-related fields was strongly stimulated worldwide and also in the Mediterranean. This research growth yields substantial advancements in tsunami knowledge. Among these advancements is the “Paleotsunami” research that has marked particular progress on the reconstruction of the tsunami history of a region. As an integration of the historical documentation available in the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Cadiz areas, geological and geoarchaeological records provide the insights to define the occurrence, characteristics, and impact of tsunamis of the past. Here, we present the recent advancements done for both the onshore and offshore realms. As for the onshore, we discuss case studies dealing with recent high-resolution works based on: a) direct push in situ sensing techniques, applied to identification and characterization of typical paleotsunami deposits features; b) combined XRF- X-CT approach, implemented for the identification of fine-scale sedimentary structures useful for the definition of the causative flow dynamics; c) the geoarchaeological “new field” contribution, with the development of specific diagnostic criteria in search for tsunami impact traces in archaeological strata; d) comparison of multiple dating methods and of different modeling codes for the definition of the potential source for the displacement of boulders of exceptional dimension, identified by 3D size calculation. As for the offshore advancements, we present case studies focusing on the recognition of tsunami deposits and their sedimentary traces in the geological record from the nearshore, thanks to diver-operated coring equipment, down to the continental slope, by means of vibracorer and long gravity core sampling in deeper areas. The examples provided show a multiproxy approach with a high potential of retrieving a complete record of paleotsunami traces at least during the Holocene. This is based on the combination of multidisciplinary approaches including X-ray imaging, high-resolution measurement of physical properties, X- ray fluorescence data, grain-size analysis, micropaleontology, palynological content, isotopic and optically stimulated luminescence dating methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103578
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Paleotsunami deposits ; Mediterranean Sea ; High-resolution studies ; Archeology ; backwash wave ; Geology ; tsunami ; paleotsunami deposits ; Mediterranean Sea
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-02-02
    Description: The 29 December 2020, Mw 6.4 Petrinja earthquake nucleated at a depth of ~10 km in the Sisak-Moslavina County in northern Croatia, ~6 km WSW of the Petrinja town. Focal mechanisms, aftershocks distribution, and preliminary Sentinel-1 InSAR interferogram suggest that the NW-SE right-lateral strike-slip Pokupsko-Petrinja fault was the source of this event. The Croatian Geological Survey, joined by a European team of earthquake geologists from France, Slovenia and Italy, performed a prompt systematic survey of the area to map the surface effects of the earthquake. The field survey was guided by geological maps, preliminary morphotectonic mapping based on 1:5,000 topographical maps and InSAR interferogram. Locally, field mapping was aided by drone survey. We mapped unambiguous evidence of surface faulting at several sites between Župić to the NW and Hrastovica to the SE, in the central part of the Pokupsko-Petrinja fault, for a total length of ~6.5 km. This is probably a minimum length since several portions of the fault have not been explored yet, and in part crossing forbidden uncleared minefields. Surface faulting was observed on anthropic features (roads, walls) and on Quaternary sediments (soft colluvium and alluvium) and Miocene bedrock (calcarenites). The observed ruptures strike mostly NW-SE, with evidences of strike-slip right-lateral displacement and zones of extension (opening) or contraction (small pressure ridges, moletracks) at local bends of the rupture trace. Those ruptures are interpreted as evidences of coseismic surface faulting (primary effects) as they affect the morphology independently from the slope direction. Ground failures due to gravitational sliding and liquefaction occurrences were also observed, mapped and interpreted as secondary effects (see Amoroso et al., and Vukovski et al., this session). SE of Križ, the rupture broke a water pipeline with a right-lateral offset of several centimetres. Measured right-lateral net displacement varies from a few centimetres up to ~35 cm. A portion of the maximum measured displacement could be due to afterlisp, as it was mapped several days after the main shock. Hybrid surface ruptures (shear plus opening and liquefaction), striking SW-NE, with cm-size left-lateral strike-slip offsets were mapped on the northern side of the Petrinja town, ~3 km NE of the main fault. Overall, the rupture zone appears discontinuous. Several factors might be inferred to explain this pattern such as incomplete mapping of the rupture, inherited structural discontinuities within the Pokupsko-Petrinja fault system, or specific mechanical properties of the Neogene-Quaternary strata
    Description: Published
    Description: Gather Online
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Keywords: Surface faulting ; Surface faulting during the 29 December 2020 Mw 6.4 Petrinja earthquake (Croatia)
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: The Vettore–Bove normal fault system in central Italy ruptured during the 2016 MW 6.5 Norcia earthquake causing extensive surface faulting. At the Pian Grande di Castelluccio hanging wall basin, along the southern section of the fault ruptured during the MW 6.5 mainshock, we performed a high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction experiment aimed at (a) imaging the shallow pattern of the fault system, and (b) reconstructing the architecture of the continental infill. We collected three profiles for a total length of ∼8 km. We used a reflection processing flow and non-linear refraction tomography to obtain migrated stack sections and P-wave velocity images resolved down to the depth of the pre-Quaternary substratum. The main profile in the northern part of the basin crosses the westernmost splays of the ruptured fault zone striking N150°–170°. Seismic imaging unravels a ∼1 km-wide fault zone comprising three W-throwing splays and subsidiary faults, which affect the continental infill and produce a minimum aggregate Quaternary throw of ∼400 ± 100 m. Recent deformation is localized in this part of the surveyed fault section, attesting active displacement accumulation of the Vettore–Bove fault system. The other profiles in the central-southern part of the basin show additional faults, likely striking N20°–40° and which concurred to generate a ∼500 m-deep depocenter. These faults were mostly active during an early extensional phase; however, one of them likely displaces shallow layers with a throw close to the resolution limit of seismic data (〈10 m), suggesting activity in the Late Pleistocene.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021TC006786
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: We provide the first 3-D resistivity image of the Pian Grande di Castelluccio basin, the main Quaternary depocenter in the hangingwall of the Mt.Vettore–Mt. Bove normal fault system (VBFS), responsible for the October 30, 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake (central Italy). The subsurface structure of the basin is poorly known, and its relation with the VBFS remains debated. Using the recent Fullwaver technology, we carried out a high-resolution 2-D transect crossing the 2016 coseismic ruptures coupled with an extensive 3-D survey with the aim of: (a) mapping the subsurface of the basin-bounding splays of the VBFS and the downdip extent of intrabasin faults; (b) imaging the infill and pre-Quaternary substratum down to ∼1 km depth. The 2-D resistivity section highlights under the coseismic ruptures a main dip-slip fault zone with conjugated splays. The 3-D resistivity model suggests that the basin consists of two depocenters (∼300 and ∼600 m deep, respectively) filled with silty sands and gravels (resistivity 〈300 Ωm), bounded and cross-cut by NNE-, WNW-, and NNW-trending faults with throws of ∼200–400 m. We hypothesize that the NNE-trending system acted during the early basin development, followed by NNW-trending and currently active splays of the VBFS that overprint pre-existing structures and locally control the infill architecture. Moreover, beneath the basin we detect a shallow NW-dipping blind fault. The latter is likely a hangingwall splay of the adjacent regional Mts. Sibillini Thrust, which may have been partly involved in the rupture process of the Norcia mainshock.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020TC006628
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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