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  • 1
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    Melting Point and Molecular Symmetry (2000)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9584
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-1328
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Education
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobile Robot Self-Localization without Explicit Landmarks (2000)
    Springer
    Algorithmica 26 (2000), S. 515-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Key words. Navigation, Mobile robots, Rasterized algorithms, Localization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Localization is the process of determining the robot's location within its environment. More precisely, it is a procedure which takes as input a geometric map, a current estimate of the robot's pose, and sensor readings, and produces as output an improved estimate of the robot's current pose (position and orientation). We describe a combinatorially precise algorithm which performs mobile robot localization using a geometric model of the world and a point-and-shoot ranging device. We also describe a rasterized version of this algorithm which we have implemented on a real mobile robot equipped with a laser rangefinder we designed. Both versions of the algorithm allow for uncertainty in the data returned by the range sensor. We also present experimental results for the rasterized algorithm, obtained using our mobile robots at Cornell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004539910023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Riparian Vegetation in Stream-Temperature Modification (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper describes a framework for estimating the effectiveness of riparian vegetation in modifying the water temperature in streams. A physically-based model was incorporated into the framework and used to demonstrate that planting trees in strategic locations can have a substantial effect on water temperature in streams and, consequently, on the survival of target fish populations. Application of the framework suggested that equivalent plantings in different configurations can have markedly different outcomes in terms of resultant stream temperature. There is no single best solution for all stream-restoration projects but, through the use of this framework, environmental planners, designers and managers can compare scenarios and make appropriate decisions for specific streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2000.tb00264.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A falling head permeameter for the measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of granular solids (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3942-3946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A falling head permeameter is described in which pairs of infrared emitters and detectors on a sight tube are used to measure the flow rate associated with the passage of water through a granular solid under the action of a diminishing pressure head. An equation relating pressure head to elapsed time is derived from which permeability may be calculated. In order to verify the accuracy and sensitivity of the instrument, permeability measurements carried out on a graded quartz sand are compared to those obtained by the more conventional constant head measurement. Excellent agreement is obtained between the permeability values obtained using both measurement methods. Experimental results are also reported for the measurement of the permeability of a range of sieved sand fractions. The falling head permeameter described here is particularly suitable for the measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of granular solids such as sands and soils through which a high flow rate may be expected. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1310349
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of hanging ice dams on winter movements and swimming activity of fish (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Formation of a hanging dam, a large, thick sub-surface accumulation of frazil ice that blocked river flow, altered physical environmental conditions dramatically and common carp Cyprinus carpio, and brown trout Salmo trutta, evacuated the pool in which the dam developed. A mean of 80·1% of the pool volume was filled with frazil ice. Mean and bottom water velocities in the pool increased from 6 to 27 cm s−1 and from 4 to 21 cm s−1, respectively, when the hanging dam formed, and water depth decreased from a mean of 2·25 to 0·45 m. Activity levels of fish leaving the pool varied. Two carp had higher swimming activities when in the over wintering pool, compared to the period when they were out of it, and a third showed opposite results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00477.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Deep Space 1 Encounter with Comet 19p/Borrelly (2000)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 89 (2000), S. 301-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Coma ; comets ; Deep Space 1 ; nucleus ; spacecraft exploration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract NASA's Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft successfully encountered comet 19P/Borrelly near perihelion and the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer (MICAS) imaging system onboard DS1 returned the first high-resolution images of a Jupiter-family comet nucleus and surrounding environment. The images span solar phase angles from 88° to 52°, providing stereoscopic coverage of the dust coma and nucleus. Numerous surface features are revealed on the 8-km long nucleus in the highest resolution images(47–58 m pixel). A smooth, broad basin containing brighter regions and mesa-likestructures is present in the central part of the nucleus that seems to be the source ofjet-like dust features seen in the coma. High ridges seen along the jagged terminator lead to rugged terrain on both ends of the nucleus containing dark patches and smaller series of parallel grooves. No evidence of impact craters with diameters larger thanabout 200-m are present, indicating a young and active surface. The nucleus is very dark with albedo variations from 0.007 to 0.035. Short-wavelength, infrared spectra from 1.3 to 2.6 μm revealed a hot, dry surface consistent with less than about10% actively sublimating. Two types of dust features are seen: broad fans and highlycollimated “jets” in the sunward hemisphere that can be traced to the surface. The source region of the main jet feature, which resolved into at least three smaller “jets” near the surface, is consistent with an area around the rotation pole that is constantly illuminated by the sun during the encounter. Within a few nuclear radii, entrained dustis rapidly accelerated and fragmented and geometrical effects caused from extended source regions are present, as evidenced in radial intensity profiles centered on the jet features that show an increase in source strength with increasing cometocentric distance. Asymmetries in the dust from dayside to nightside are pronounced and may show evidence of lateral flow transporting dust to structures observed in the nightside coma. A summary of the initial results of the Deep Space 1 Mission is provided, highlighting the new knowledge that has been gained thus far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021519124588
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probability Density Function Integrals And Small-Scale Mixing In Turbulent Plumes (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 97 (2000), S. 219-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Conditional concentration statistics ; Mixing ; Scalar dissipation ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse cross-wind-integrated statistics of theconcentration field of a conserved scalar for pointand line sources in grid turbulence. In particular,using wind-tunnel measurements we calculate thecross-wind integrated probability density function(pdf) for the scalar concentration. We then use thatquantity in the exact evolution equation for the pdfto calculate the cross-wind integrated mean of therate of dissipation of scalar variance, conditional onthe scalar concentration. Much of the variation ofthese statistics with distance downstream is accountedfor by scaling with concentration, length and timescales based on the development of the mean plume.This scaling thus suggests some simple practicalparameterisations of these statistics in terms ofmean-field quantities. One of the motivations for thiswork is to find a simple parameterisation for thescalar dissipation that can be used for modellingchemical reactions in plumes. We also consider the cross-wind integral of the firstfew moments of the concentration field and show thatthe integration greatly simplifies the budgets forthese moments. Thus the first moment is just thedownstream flux of the scalar, which is constant. Thesecond moment budget provides a check on the meandissipation estimated directly from the pdf evolutionequation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002794510020
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The specialized chalazal endosperm inArabidopsis thaliana andLepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae) (2000)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 212 (2000), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Endosperm ; Lepidium irginicum ; Microtubules ; Seed development ; Seed loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Endosperm of the nuclear type initially develops into a large multinucleate syncytium that lines the central cell. This seemingly simple wall-less cytoplasm can, however, be highly differentiated. In developing seeds of members of the family Brassicaceae the curved postfertilization embryo sac comprises three chambers or developmental domains. The syncytium fills the micropylar chamber around the embryo, spreads as a thin peripheral layer surrounding a large central vacuole in the central chamber, and is organized into individual nodules and a large multinucleate cyst in the chalazal tip. Later in development, after the endosperm has cellularized in the micropylar and central chambers, the chalazal endosperm cyst remains syncytial and shows considerable internal differentiation. The chalazal endosperm cyst consists of a domelike apical region that is separated from the cellularized endosperm by a remnant of the central vacuole and a basal haustorial portion which penetrates the chalazal proliferative tissue atop the vascular supply. In the shallow chalazal depression ofArabidopsis thaliana, the cyst is mushroom-shaped with short tentacle-like processes penetrating the maternal tissues. The long narrow chalazal channel ofLepidium irginicum is filled by an elongate stalklike portion of the cyst. In both, the dome contains a labyrinth of endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes with associated vesicles, nuclei, and plastids. The basal portions, which lack the larger organelles, exhibit extensive wall ingrowths and contain parallel arrays of microtubules. The highly specialized ultrastructure of the chalazal endosperm cyst and its intimate association with degrading chalazal proliferative cells suggest an important role in loading of maternal resources into the developing seed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279351
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  • 9
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    Comment on “Interstitial-type defects away from the projected ion range in high energy ion implanted and annealed silicon” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1279 (1999)] (2000)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-03
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    A falling head permeameter for the measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of granular solids (2000)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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