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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (162)
  • Humans  (96)
  • Chemical Engineering  (87)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (67)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • 1995-1999  (425)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1995  (425)
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Keywords
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  • 1995-1999  (425)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: A physical map has been constructed of the human genome containing 15,086 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), with an average spacing of 199 kilobases. The project involved assembly of a radiation hybrid map of the human genome containing 6193 loci and incorporated a genetic linkage map of the human genome containing 5264 loci. This information was combined with the results of STS-content screening of 10,850 loci against a yeast artificial chromosome library to produce an integrated map, anchored by the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. The map provides radiation hybrid coverage of 99 percent and physical coverage of 94 percent of the human genome. The map also represents an early step in an international project to generate a transcript map of the human genome, with more than 3235 expressed sequences localized. The STSs in the map provide a scaffold for initiating large-scale sequencing of the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, T J -- Stein, L D -- Gerety, S S -- Ma, J -- Castle, A B -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Baptista, R -- Kruglyak, L -- Xu, S H -- Hu, X -- Colbert, A M -- Rosenberg, C -- Reeve-Daly, M P -- Rozen, S -- Hui, L -- Wu, X -- Vestergaard, C -- Wilson, K M -- Bae, J S -- Maitra, S -- Ganiatsas, S -- Evans, C A -- DeAngelis, M M -- Ingalls, K A -- Nahf, R W -- Horton, L T Jr -- Anderson, M O -- Collymore, A J -- Ye, W -- Kouyoumjian, V -- Zemsteva, I S -- Tam, J -- Devine, R -- Courtney, D F -- Renaud, M T -- Nguyen, H -- O'Connor, T J -- Fizames, C -- Faure, S -- Gyapay, G -- Dib, C -- Morissette, J -- Orlin, J B -- Birren, B W -- Goodman, N -- Weissenbach, J -- Hawkins, T L -- Foote, S -- Page, D C -- Lander, E S -- HG00017/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1945-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead-MIT Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: Strategies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection must contend with the obstacle of drug resistance. HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers are prime antiviral targets because they are mutationally intolerant and are required both for acute infection and virion assembly. Nontoxic disulfide-substituted benzamides were identified that attack the zinc fingers, inactivate cell-free virions, inhibit acute and chronic infections, and exhibit broad antiretroviral activity. The compounds were highly synergistic with other antiviral agents, and resistant mutants have not been detected. Zinc finger-reactive compounds may offer an anti-HIV strategy that restricts drug-resistance development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W G -- Supko, J G -- Malspeis, L -- Buckheit, R W Jr -- Clanton, D -- Bu, M -- Graham, L -- Schaeffer, C A -- Turpin, J A -- Domagala, J -- Gogliotti, R -- Bader, J P -- Halliday, S M -- Coren, L -- Sowder, R C 2nd -- Arthur, L O -- Henderson, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1194-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, PRI/DynCorp., National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Benzamides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Biological Availability ; Capsid/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Cell Line ; Disulfides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Synergism ; Gene Products, gag/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Viral Proteins ; Zinc Fingers/*drug effects ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1413-1425 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of ethane from helium was measured in beds packed with 2.5 μm zeolite crystals and containing either a single hollow fiber or multiple fibers. THe single-fiber experiments indicate that the mass-transfer rate in bends containing zeolite 13X is limited by diffusion across the fiber wall and through macropores. FOr adsorption in single-fiber beds packed with zeolite 4A, mass transfer is limited by micropore diffusion within the particles. Breakthrough curves from beds containign 13X are adequately described with the linear driving force model, while curves from beds containing 4A are consistent with the Rosen model.Breakthrough curves from beds packed with zeolite 13X and containing multiple fibers can be predicted from the experiments with single-fiber beds when the fibers are evenly spaced. When fibers are unevenly spaced, the breakthrough curves are more disperse. Unevenly spaced fibers are the normal case. Even when fibers are evenly spaced, the productivity of hollow-fiber beds is expected to be no greater than that in conventional beds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An investigation into the effect of isothermal aging on the development of transverse cracks in cross-ply laminates of two high temperature composite systems was performed. The composite materials investigated were BASF X5260/640-800 and DuPont Avimid K/IM6. Changes in the glass transition temperature, composite weight loss, crack density, and mode I intralaminar fracture toughness were monitored during isothermal aging in air at 177°C for up to 2232 h. The two laminate configurations used in this study include two variations of the generic cross-ply configuration [02/90n]s, in which n equals 1 and 2. The results of this investigation show that a layer of degraded material forms at the surface of the X5260/640-800 bismaleimide laminates and that the thickness of the degraded layer increases with aging time. After 744 h of aging, transverse cracks form in the surface plies and an increasing crack density evolves as aging time is increased; however, transverse cracks do not form in the inner 90° ply groups with aging during the time period investigated. The Avimid K/IM6 thermoplastic polyimide laminates, which show evidence of cracking prior to aging, do not exhibit any significant change in crack density with aging. The results of the aging experiments also show that the bismaleimide system exhibits a weight loss of 1.5% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 250°C to 300°C after 2232 h of aging at 177°C, while the thermoplastic polyimide system shows a weight loss of only 0.05% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 280 to 285°C after 2232 h. Changes in the resistance to crack formation are also seen in these materials during aging. The mode I intralaminar fracture toughness, a measure of resistance to transverse crack formation, shows a 50% decrease after aging for 2232 h for the bismaleimide system, while the behavior exhibited by the thermoplastic polyimide shows little evidence of a reduction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: Fragile X syndrome is the result of the unstable expansion of a trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Fibroblast subclones from a mildly affected patient, each containing stable FMR1 alleles with 57 to 285 CGG repeats, were shown to exhibit normal steady-state levels of FMR1 messenger RNA. However, FMR protein was markedly diminished from transcript with more than 200 repeats. Such transcripts were associated with stalled 40S ribosomal subunits. These results suggest that a structural RNA transition beyond 200 repeats impedes the linear 40S migration along the 5'-untranslated region. This results in translational inhibition by trinucleotide repeat expansion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Y -- Zhang, F -- Lokey, L K -- Chastain, J L -- Lakkis, L -- Eberhart, D -- Warren, S T -- HD20521/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Clone Cells ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts/chemistry ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: A morbillivirus has been isolated and added to an increasing list of emerging viral diseases. This virus caused an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in horses and humans. Genetic analyses show it to be only distantly related to the classic morbilliviruses rinderpest, measles, and canine distemper. When seen by electron microscopy, viruses had 10- and 18-nanometer surface projections that gave them a "double-fringed" appearance. The virus induced syncytia that developed in the endothelium of blood vessels, particularly the lungs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, K -- Selleck, P -- Hooper, P -- Hyatt, A -- Gould, A -- Gleeson, L -- Westbury, H -- Hiley, L -- Selvey, L -- Rodwell, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):94-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Female ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/*virology ; Horses ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Lung/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morbillivirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Morbillivirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary/*virology ; Pregnancy ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary/virology ; Spleen/virology ; Vero Cells ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: The gene product of the ob locus is important in the regulation of body weight. The ob product was shown to be present as a 16-kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but was undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of this protein were increased in diabetic (db) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob. Daily intraperitoneal injections of either mouse or human recombinant OB protein reduced the body weight of ob/ob mice by 30 percent after 2 weeks of treatment with no apparent toxicity but had no effect on db/db mice. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild-type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12 percent weight loss, decreased food intake, and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7 percent. These data suggest that the OB protein serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halaas, J L -- Gajiwala, K S -- Maffei, M -- Cohen, S L -- Chait, B T -- Rabinowitz, D -- Lallone, R L -- Burley, S K -- Friedman, J M -- DK41096/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockfeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Composition/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood/physiopathology ; Eating/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/blood/genetics/*physiopathology ; Proteins/analysis/genetics/*pharmacology/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Weight Loss/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: It is often argued that substantially more carbon dioxide and water were degassed from the martian interior than can be found at present in the atmosphere, polar caps and regolith. Calculations have shown that atmospheric escape cannot account for all of the missing volatiles. Suggestions that carbon dioxide is stored as marine or lacustrine deposits, are challenged by Earth-based and spacecraft remote-sensing data. Moreover, recent modelling of the martian atmosphere suggests that rainfall or open bodies of water are in any case unlikely to have persisted for extended periods of time. Hydrothermal carbonates therefore provide a possible solution to this dilemma. Using an accessible terrestrial system (Iceland) as a guide to the underlying processes, and a host rock composition inferred from the least-altered martian meteorite, we present a geochemical model for the formation of carbonates in possible martian hydrothermal systems. Our results suggest that an extensive reservoir of carbonate minerals--equivalent to an atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide of at least one bar--could have been sequestered beneath the surface by widespread hydrothermal activity in the martian past.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); Volume 377; 6548; 406-8
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We investigate spectral evolution in 37 bright, long gamma-ray bursts observed with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) spectroscopy detectors. High-resolution spectra are chracterized by the energy of the peak of nu F(sub nu), and the evolution of this quantity is examined relative to the emission intensity. In most cases it is found that this peak energy either rises with or slightly precedes major intensity increases and softens for the remainder of the pulse. Interpulse emission is generally harder early in the burst. For bursts with multiple intensity pulses, later spikes tend to be softer than earlier ones, indicating that the energy of the peak of nu F(sub nu) is bounded by an envelope which decays with time. Evidence is found that bursts in which the bulk of the flux comes well after the event which triggers the instrument tend to show less peak energy variability and are not as hard as several bursts in which the emission occurs promptly after the trigger. Several recently proposed burst models are examined in light of these results and no qualitative conflicts with the observations presented here are found.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 439; 1; p. 307-321
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The unusual variable star AM CVn has puzzled astronomers for over 40 years. This object, both a photometric and spectroscopic variable, is believed to contain a pair of hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs of extreme mass ratio, transferring material via an accretion disk. We examine the photometric properties of AM CVn, analyzing 289 hours of high-speed photometric data spanning 1976 to 1992. The power spectrum displays significant peaks at 988.7, 1248.8, 1902.5, 2853.8, 3805.2, 4756.5, and 5707.8 microHz (1011.4, 800.8, 525.6, 350.4, 262.8, 210.2, and 175.2 s). We find no detectable power at 951.3 microHz (1051 s), the previously reported main frequency. The 1902.5, 2853.9, and 3805.2 microHz peaks are multiplets, with frequency splitting in each case of 20.77 +/- 0.05 microHz. The 1902.5 microHz seasonal pulse shapes are identical, within measurement noise, and maintain the same amplitude and phase as a function of color. We have determined the dominant frequency to be 1902.50902 +/- 0.00001 microHz with dot P = +1.71 (+/- 0.04) x 10(exp -11) s/s. We discuss the implications of these findings on a model for AM CVn.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 445; 2; p. 927-938
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