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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microplankton cages with porous polycarbonate membrane sides were used to investigate the population growth of Favella sp., a large tintinnid which preys on dinoflagellates, Balanion sp., a non-loricate ciliate which also preys on dinoflagellates, and two other tintinnids, Eutintinnus pectinis and Tintinnopsis kofoidi, at close to in-situ conditions in a small estuary during a spring dinoflagellate bloom. The effects of temperature and food concentration on the growth of Favella sp. and Balanion sp. were also investigated in culture. Growth rates in the field were variable from day to day. The highest net growth constant (base e) observed for Favella sp. in the cages was 0.032 (generation time 21.7 h). This was lower than growth constants which can be achieved in culture. Food availability, parasitism by the dinoflagellate Duboscquella sp., and perhaps life cycle events all contributed to the lower net growth rate of Favella sp. in the field. The highest net growth constant observed in the cages for Balanion sp. was 0.068 (generation time=10.7 h), which is also lower than growth constants achieved in culture. The growth of Balanion sp. populations in the cages was limited by the availability of small-sized dinoflagellates and by predation. The highest net growth constants observed for E. pectinis and T. kofoidi were 0.030 and 0.068, respectively; we know little about the factors controlling the growth of these tintinnids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six diel TCO2 cycles determined by infrared (IR) photometry from five drift stations occupied between 24 February and 16 March 1979 in the mixed layer of the northwestern Caribbean Sea are examined. Comparison of TCO2 variation with coincident salinity and O2 variation demonstrated that TCO2 often co-varied with these independently measured variables. During five diel cycles TCO2 variation was characterized by nocturnal production and diurnal consumption. The inverse, diurnal production of CO2, occurred downstream from Misteriosa Bank, whose corals apparently contributed to a water mass having a twofold increase of POC and a sixfold larger population of heterotrophic nanoplankters. For the five diel studies carried out in waters with balanced or nearly blanced heterotrophic and phototrophic components of the nanoplankton, CO2 consumption at constant salinity always occurred between 06.00 and 09.00 hrs. Net uptake often continued through 15.00 hrs, but not always in the absence of significant salinity changes. At constant salinity net O2 evolution never exceeded 0.5 μmol l-1 h-1 while net CO2 uptake consistently averaged 3 μmol l-1 h-1 for an apparent net production of 36 mg C m-3 h-1, which greatly exceeds the O2 changes and open ocean 14C estimates from the literature. Diurnal consumption was apparently balanced by nocturnal production of CO2 so that no significant net daily change in TCO2 was observed. Departures from theoretical PQ and RQ and the possibility of nocturnal variations in formaldehyde and carbonate alkalinity imply that chemotrophs, both methane producers and methane oxidizers, play a significant role in CO2 cycling. This could be through the metabolism of the nonconservative gases CH4, CO, and H2, and a link between chemotrophy and phototrophy through these gases is hypothesized. These open system measurements were subject to diffusion and documentable patchiness, but temporal TCO2 changes appear to indicate the net direction of microbiological activity and join a growing body of literature showing dynamic variation in CO2 and O2 that exceeds estimates by 14C bottle assays of carbon fixation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 85 (1983), S. 267-283 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We compare coordinated, high spatial resolution (2–3 arc sec) observations at 6 cm and in soft X-rays with photospheric magnetograms and optical filtergrams of two active regions. The correspondence of the brightest centimetric components in these regions with coronal loops, sunspots and pores, chromospheric structures and the photospheric magnetic field was determined. Our principal results are: The association between the microwave components and coronal X-ray and photospheric magnetic field structures is complex; in general X-ray emission was not associated with the microwave components. A majority of the components were not associated with sunspots, although the brightest (T b ≥ 4 × 106 K) components overlay regions of strong photospheric field or high field gradients. Several of the components coincided with the apparent bases of shorter coronal loops and 4 with the tops of X-ray loops. The X-ray and magnetic field observations are used to constrain possible centimetric emission mechanisms. Thermal bremsstrahlung can not be a significant contributor to this bright microwave emission. Thermal gyro-resonance absorption is consistent with some of the observations, but untenable for those components which are bright in microwaves, lack X-ray emission, and overlie regions of weak magnetic field. As an explanation for the brightest (T b ≥ 4 × 106 K) components, the g-r theory requires coronal loops with significant currents but very low densities. Alternatively, a nonthermal mechanism implies that the emission arises from the transition region and suggests that discrete regions of continuous particle acceleration may be common in active regions.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 88 (1983), S. 337-342 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray images obtained during two rocket flights near the maximum of sunspot cycle 21 now allow the study of the variation of X-ray bright point number over an eleven-year period covering the maxima of the last two cycles. The new data are consistent with the earlier conclusion that the temporal variation of bright point and sunspot number are out of phase. The quantities are related through a power law with a negative exponent of 2/3.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 28 (1983), S. 295-302 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La lutte biologique contre l'Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Col.: curculionidae) charançon de la luzerne, a été entreprise aux États-Unis en 1911, lorsque des ennemis naturels furent importés d'Europe.Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) a été établi. B. curculionis peut entrer en diapause et avoir une seule génération par an, ou bien il peut être non-diapausant et avoir 2 générations annuelles ou plus. Soumis à des conditions froides associées avec des journées de courte durée presque 100% sont de type non-diapausant. Les pupes non-diapausantes deB. curculionis ont été étudiées au laboratoire. La mortalité causée par 8 températures entre 25°C et 48°C aux humidités relatives de 20% et 70%, a été mesurée pour dix différentes durées d'exposition allant de 15 mn à 4 h. Il a été trouvé qu'il n'y avait pas de mortalité significative par les longues expositions, les effets léthaux devenant plus importants à mesure que la température augmentait. A 43°C, la mortalité a été causée par des expositions de durée relativement courte, avec 100% en 4 h. Les durées d'exposition nécessaires pour une mortalité de 50% à humidité relative de 20% étaient: 25, 17 h à 30°C; 20,87 h à 35°C; 16,58 h à 38°C; 13,30 h à 40°C; 1,43 h à 43°C; 0,42 h à 45°C et 0,31 h à 48°C. La mortalité à l'humidité relative de 20% était légèrement supérieure à celle de 70%; avec des températures variant entre 35°C et 40°C. L'humidité relative n'avait aucun effet au delà de 43°C. Au nord de Utah (États-Unis), durant les après-midi du mois de juillet, la température de la surface du sol des champs de luzerne récemment coupée dépasse en général 50°C. Sans aucun doute, la mortalité des nymphes non-diapausantes peut être importante dans les champs.
    Notes: Abstract Nondiapausing pupae ofBathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) were studied under laboratory conditions. The mortality caused by 8 temperatures between 25–48°C at 20% and 70% relative humidity was measured at 10 exposure times between 15 min-24 h. There was no significant mortality at 25°C. Between 30 and 40°C, mortality occurred from long exposures only, with lethal effects becoming greater at each increase in temperature. At 43°C mortality occurred from relatively short exposures, with 100% at 4 h. Exposure times for 50% mortality averaged 16.58 h at 38°C, 1.08 h at 43°C and 0.31 h at 48°C. A slightly higher mortality occurred at 20% relative humidity than at 70% at temperatures between 35 and 40°C. At temperatures above 43°C no effects of relative humidity were noted. Afternoon soil surface temperatures in recently cut alfalfa fields commonly exceeded 50°C during July in northern Utah.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 34 (1983), S. 935-942 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Widerstandskoeffizient in einern-dimensionalen Strömung um eine entsprechend definierte Hyperkugel wird durch eine Entwicklung für kleine Reynoldszahlen bestimmt. Im Ergebnis wird die Struktur der bekannten dreidimensionalen Lösung wiedergefunden.
    Notes: Abstract Small Reynolds number expansions are given for the drag coefficient appropriate to ann-dimensional streaming flow past a hypersphere. These demonstrate the basic structure of the well known three-dimensional result.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1983), S. 631-638 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water turnover rates were measured in gentoo and macaroni penguins breeding sympatrically on South Georgia Island. At the time of this study, adult male macaronis were attending the nest while female macaronis and both sexes of adult gentoos were making regular foraging trips to sea and returning to feed their chicks. Both species feed principally on krill, Euphausia superba, although gentoos also feed on fish. The average water turnover rate in 2 fasting male macaronis was 12.5 ml·kg-1·day-1 with a half-time for water turnover of 36 days. The mean water flux rate in feeding birds was 155 ml·kg-1·day-1 in gentoos and 184 ml·kg-1·day-1 in macaronis. The half-times for water turnover were 2.8 days, and 2.6 days, respectively. The average metabolic rate of fasting macaronis calculated from water turnover rates was 5.6 W·kg-1 or 1.8 x the standard metabolic rate (SMR). In order to calculate prey consumption and average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) from water flux rates in feeding birds, it was assumed that a) the only sources of water are from metabolism and performed water in the diet and b) the composition of the diet is known. Based on the type of prey consumed, the calculated ADMR was 7.1 W·kg-1 or 2.6×SMR (n=5) for gentoos and 9.1 W·kg-1 or 2.9×SMR (n=3) for macaronis. The ADMR of female macaronis making regular trips to sea was 1.6 x greater than the fasting metabolism of males brooding the chick.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 2 (1983), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the development of procedures for the production of somatic embryos in cell cultures of Glycine species including soybean. The conditions for callus induction and initiation of rapidly growing cell suspension cultures were defined. Methods for inducing embryogenesis were tested on 16 lines of several Glycine species and cultivars of soybean. The SB-26 Culture of a G. soja gave the best results and was used in the experiments. Embryogenesis required the presence of picloram or 2,4-D. AMO 1618, CCC, PP-333 and Ancymidol enhanced the embryogenesis frequency. Plants of the G. soja (SB-26) were grown to maturity from seed-derived shoot tips. Characteristics of the plants are discussed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from cell cultures of G. soja and G. tabacina, respectively. The isolation procedure employed Percoll for the separation and concentration of protoplasts. The cultured protoplasts formed cells which developed into embryo-like structures. Protoplasts also were isolated from leaf tissue of soybean cv. Williams 82. Upon culture, the protoplasts regenerated cell walls and divided to form cell cultures.
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