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  • Chemistry  (18)
  • dihaploid  (3)
  • 1975-1979  (21)
  • 1978  (12)
  • 1976  (9)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; incompatibility ; dihaploid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Investigations of the genetics of self-compatibility and self-incompatibility in dihaploids and diploid derivatives from cv. Gineke revealed the presence of S 1, S2 and S 3 at the S-locus of Gineke and in addition an S 1-allele on a translocation. By means of a complete tester set involving the S-alleles S 1, S2 and S 3 (all from Gineke) and S 4 (from Black 4495) it was demonstrated that some Gineke dihaploids were compatible with all six testers. This indicated a fourth S-allele in Gineke, which differs from those in the tester series and was therefore assigned S 5. Additional evidence was obtained from an analysis of F1's from crosses of two S 5-bearing dihaploids and one of the testers. So the S-genotype of cv. Gineke was identified as S 1S2S3S5/S1, the second S 1 being the S-allele on a translocated fragment.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Potato ; dihaploid ; marker genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the first inbred generation (I1) of cv. Black 4495 a dark green, slowly growing mutant (coded ds) was found, whereas the I1 of its self-compatible dihaploid, B16, comprised this ds mutant and in addition the mutants virescens (v) and yellow margin (ym). The occurrence of ds and ym might trace back to diploid S. phureja, one of the ancestors of Black 4495. No lethal mutants were observed in I1 of B16. Analysis of I1 of cv. Gineke revealed a simplex condition for virescence and either duplex or triplex heterozygosity for one lethal gene. On the other hand, the I1 of its dihaploid, G254, segregated for virescence and for three different lethal genes. It is shown that both in B16 and in G254 homozygosity of an S-bearing translocation causes early death of embryo and endosperm, thus preventing seed development. From this study it appeared that the three lethal genes from G254 affect germination rate of the seeds. The genotypes at 11 loci of B16 and G254 are presented.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; self-compatibility ; dihaploid ; linkage ; virescens ; translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three dihaploids of Solanum tuberosum (two self-compatible, one self-incompatible) were found to be heterozygous for a monogenic recessive virescent mutant. Intercrossing resulted in the expected 3 : 1 ratio only in crosses involving one self-compatible and one self-incompatible parent. Self-compatible x self-compatible matings produced F1's in which 6:1 was found. The same ratio was observed in the self progeny of the two self-compatible dihaploids. This significant deviation could be explained by assuming linkage (25% crossing-over) between v and an S-bearing translocation. This translocation causes self-compatibility in the dihaploids used and early lethality when homozygous.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 406-413 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Form and Mechanisms of Cracks and Fractures Caused by Simultaneous Corrosive and Dynamic Stress under Various FrequenciesDistinction of crack nucleation and crack propagation under variable frequencies and electrolytic corrosion. Relationship between crack nucleation and frequency due to differing sliding mechanisms. Crack propagation under decreasing frequencies causes transition from corrosion fatigue to cyclic stress corrosion cracking and finally stress corrosion cracking can be observed. Coordination of that transition with the increasing influence of the KISCC-value as determinant of the crack propagation.The influence of frequency on high temperature materals in hot gas atmosphere is mainly determined by creep mechanisms during top-load phase and the gas-metal-reactions. Accordingly the life time increases with growing load frequency.
    Notes: Anrißphase und Phase des Rißfortschritts bei der Betrachtung der Frequenzabhängigkeit unter elektrolytischer Korrosion. Abhängigkeit der Anrißphase von der Frequenz infolge unterschiedlicher Gleitmechanismen. Beim Rißfortschritt erfolgt mit sinkender Frequenz Übergang von Schwingungsrißkorrosion zu zyklischer Spannungsrißkorrosion und schließlich zu Spannungsrißkorrosion. Zuordnung dieses Übergangs zum zunehmenden Einfluß des KISCC-Wertes als Bestimmungsgröße für den Bruchvorgang.Frequenzabhängigkeit bei Hochtemperaturwerkstoffen in Heißgasatmosphäre im wesentlichen bestimmt durch Kriechvorgänge bei Einwirkung der Oberlast und zeitabhängige Gas-Metall-Reaktionen. Entsprechend verlängern sich die Standzeiten mit zunehmender Belastungsfrequenz.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 97-97 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid Chromatography ; Structure and relation of polyhalogenated aromatics ; discussed ; Silica gel/aluminium oxide compared ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Anionic Ligands of Main Group IV Elements. XI. Substitution Reactions of Trichlorogermide and Trichlorostannide Ions with Metaltrifluorophosphine ComplexesThe photochemical reactions of [SnCl3]- in THF with the metal(0)-trifluorophosphine complexes of Ni, Fe, and Mo result in [Ni(PF3)3SnCl3]-, [Fe(PF3)3(SnCl2]-, and [Mo(PF3)5SnCl3]-. [GeCl3]-, in substitution reactions not as reactive as [SnCl3]-, does react under similar conditions with Fe(NO)2(PF3)2 only, to yield [Fe(NO)2(PF3)GeCl3]-. With CpMn(PF3)3 (Cp = h5-C5H5) by the intermediatly formed CpMn(PF3)2THF both substitution derivatives [CpMn(PF3)2ECl3]- (E = Ge, Sn) are found. The metallate(0) complexes are isolated as [As(C6H5))4]+- and [N(C2H5)4]+ -salts; the i.r.- and 19F-n.m.r.-spectra are reported.
    Notes: Unter UV-Bedingungen in THF liefern [SnCl3]--Ionen mit den Metall(0)-trifluorphosphinen von Nickel, Eisen und Molybdän die Metallat(0)-Komplexe [Ni(PF3)3SnCl3]-, [Fe(PF3)3(SnCl3)2]2- und [Mo(PF3)5SnCl3]-. Hingegen bildet das bei Substitutionsreaktionen hinter dem [SnCl3]-. Ion zurückstehende [GeCl3]-.-Ion unter ähnlich drastischen Bedingungen lediglich mit Fe(NO)2(PF3)2 das Monosubstitutionsprodukt [Fe(NO)2(PF3)GeCl3]-. Aus CpMn(PF3)3 (Cp = h5-C5H5) sind über den intermediär gebildeten Komplex CpMn(PF3)2THF beide Substitutionsderivate [CpMn(PF3)2ECl3]- (E=Ge, Sn) leicht zugänglich. Die Metallatkomplexe werden als [As(C6H5)4]+- bzw. [N(C2H5)4]+ -Salze isoliert; ihre IR- und 19F-NMR-Daten werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Anionic Ligands of the Main Group IV Elements. IX. Reactions of Trichlorostannide and Trichlorogermide Ions with Complexes of Transition Metals in Low Oxidation StatesCarhonyl trichlorostannido- and carbonyl trichlorogermido-metalate complexes have been synthesized both by photochemical and thermical substitution reactions of [ECl3]- ions (E = Sn, Ge) with M(CO)6, (M = Cr, Mo, W), Fe(CO)5 Fe3(CO)12, Co2(CO)8, as well as with the metalcarbonyl derivatives (π-arene)M(CO)3, (M = Cr, Mo), (h5-C5,H5,)V(CO)4, Mn(CO)5,Cl, Co(NO)(CO)3, and Fe(NO)2,(CO)2. Mainly the bonding properties of the [ECl3]- ligands are discussed by means of i.r. spectroscopic investigations. The progress of the reactions and the necessary reaction conditions show that the nucleophilic properties oft both anions [ECl3]- are unexpectedly small. The slightly weaker hasicity of [SnCl3]- compared with [GeC13]- arreared, when both anions were reacted with Co2,(CO)8, forming the substitution product. [Co2,(CO)7,SnCl3]- and the products of a “base reaction” Cl3GcCo(CO)4, and [Co(CO)4]-.
    Notes: Unter photochemischen wie auch thermischen Bedingungen werden insbesondere Carbonyl-trichlorstannido (bzw. trichlorgermido)-metallat-Komplexe durch Substitutionsreaktionen von [SnCl3]-- bzw. [GeCl3]--Ionen an den Metallcarbonylen M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W), Fe(CO)5, Fe3(CO)12 und Co2(CO)8 sowie an den Metallcarbonylderivaten π-ArenM(CO)3 (M = Cr, Mo), (h5-C5H5)V(CO)4, Mn(CO)5Cl, Co(NO)(CO)3 und Fe(NO)2(CO)2 dargestellt und als [N(C2H5)4]+ - bzw. [As(C6H5)4]+-Salze isoliert. Anhand der IR-Spektren werden ihre Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert. Aus den Reaktionsabläufen und den hierzu erforderlichen Reaktionsbedingungen darf eine unerwartet geringe Nukleophilie der beiden [ECl3]--Liganden (E = Ge, Sn) abgeleitet werden. Obgleich das Trichlorstannid-Ion  -  das mit Oktacarbonyldikobalt immerhin noch das Substitutionsprodukt [Co2(CO)7SnCl3]- liefert, während [GeCl3]- unter analogen Bedingungen bereits eine „Basenreaktion“ zum Cl3GeCo(CO)4 und [Co(CO)4]- indiziert  -  im Vergleich zum Trichlorgermid-Ion die am schwächsten ausgeprägte Basizität besitzt, kann ein prinzipiell unterschiedliches komplexchemisches Reaktionsverhalten beider Anionen nicht festgestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 49 (1976), S. 23-48 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The progress of ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution can be described theoretically by the aid of the model of pearlstring molecules. According to this molecular model macromolecules are built up like a pearl necklace of so-called tertiary structural units. There is correlation between molecular weight of structural units to be obtained by measuring electron micrographs and limiting molecular weight after ultrasonic degradation.Experimental results suggest that molecules resembling a string of pearls are broken at the chain between its spherical units. Two imaginable ways of degradation mechanism are discussed: fragmentary and stepless depolymerization. In the first case the chain is broken between its structural units in several steps; in the second case the pearlstring molecule is broken to all its units in one step. Mathematical consideration has provided an equation for the stepless mechanism. By the aid of this equation the complete progress of depolymerization can be calculated if the limiting molecular weight after ultrasonic degradation is known. On the other hand the limiting molecular weight may be calculated if the beginning of degradation is known. Stepless and fragmentary degradation can be distinguished by comparing the experimentally determined depolymerization with the calculated one.
    Notes: Um Aufschluß über Kinetik und Mechanismus der Ultraschall-Depolymerisation zu erhalten, wurde der Versuch unternommen, den zeitlichen Ablauf des Abbaus auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells theoretisch zu beschreiben. Nach diesem molekularen Modell sind Makromoleküle - ähnlich einer Perlschnur - aus mehreren, näherungsweise sphärischen, einheitlich und für ein gegebenes Polymeres charakteristisch großen sog. Tertiäreinheiten aufgebaut.Für den Ultraschall-Abbau von Perlschnurmolekülen werden zwei verschiedene Mechanismen diskutiert: der fragmentarische, bei dem die Perlschnurmoleküle stufenweise über Bruchstücke nach und nach zu den Tertiäreinheiten abgebaut werden und der stufenlose, bei dem die Depolymerisation der Perlschnurmoleküle unmittelbar zu den Tertiäreinheiten führt, so daß während des Abbaus nur Moleküle vom Anfangs- und Grenzmolekulargewicht, M0 und M∞, auftreten. Die mathematische Behandlung des stufenlosen Abbaus lieferte folgende Beziehung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline {\rm M} _{\rm i} = {\rm M}_{\rm 0} \cdot {\rm M}_\infty \left[ {{\rm M}_{\rm 0} - \left( {{\rm M}_0 - {\rm M}_\infty } \right) \cdot \left( {1 - \pi } \right)^{\rm i} } \right]^{ - 1} . $\end{document} Mit Hilfe dieser Abbaugleichung lassen sich bei Kenntnis von M0, M∞ und eines einzigen Mi-Wertes, der zur Berechnung der „Zertrümmerungskonstanten“ π erforderlich ist, Abbaukurven Mi=f (Beschallungszeit i), oder umgekehrt bei Kenntnis nur des Anfangs einer experimentellen Abbaukurve Grenzmolekulargewichte berechnen. Durch Vergleich der berechneten Abbaukurve mit der experimentell bestimmten ist es möglich, zwischen stufenlosem und fragmentarischem Abbau zu unterscheiden.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Organic radicals were produced in the tensides C16H33(OCH2CH2)21OH and C14H29(OCH2CH2)3-SO3Na in aqueous solutions using a short pulse of high energy electrons. The radicals were formed by OH attack on the (OCH2CH2)x-parts of the tensides. The decay of the 250nm absorption of the radicals was recorded at different initial radical concentrations and tenside concentrations. Several radicals could be produced in one micelle. Radicals formed in the same micelle decay within microseconds or faster. The half life time τ1 in a micelle carrying two radicals is 2,0·10-6 s for C16H33(OCH2CH2)21 OH and less than 6·10-7 s for C14H29(OCH2CH2)3SO3Na. A model for intramicellar radical-radical reactions is proposed according to which the rate is faster in tensides of high critical micelle concentration. Single radicals in micelles of C16H33(OCH2CH2)21OH can deactivate each other without leaving the micelles. This intermicellar reaction is discussed in terms of the rate of diffusion-controlled micelle-micelle encounters, an encounter time of 7·10-8s, and the above time τ1 for intramicellar reaction. The observed rate constant 2k of intermicellar reaction is 3,5·106 mol-1·l·s-1. At low tenside concentrations, the bimolecular rate constant increases since more single tenside radicals are present in solution. They react rapidly (ca. 108 mol-1·l·s-1) with radicals in micelles. Single radicals in C14H33(OCH2CH2)3-SO3Na micelles cannot directly react with each other because of the Coulombic repulsion between two anionic micelles. Reaction occurs after the exit of a tenside radical from its micelle, the rate of which depends on the micellar equilibrium Mn⇄Mn-1+M (M: tenside molecule; n: agglomeration number of micelle). A single radical in solution reacts with a single radical in a micelle with 2k = 1,0·108 mol-1·l·s-1 and with another single radical in solution with 4,0·107 mol-1·l·s-1.γ-Irradiation of both tensides in aqueous solution leads to slight increases in viscosity, followed by turbidity beyond the “gel dose” and phase separation. These effects are explained in terms of crosslinking of tenside molecules. Formation of a large network requires bridges between all participating tenside molecules (not only bridges between micelles).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 48 (1976), S. 345-345 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Abwasserreinigung ; Tenside ; Schaumtrennung ; Blasenkolonne ; Recycling ; II-Theorem ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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