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  • GEOPHYSICS  (101)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (139)
  • 1975  (139)
  • 1
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    Periodic variations in stratospheric meridional wind from 20 to 65 km - 80 N to 70 S (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Long-term periodic features in the meridional wind between 20 and 65 km attitude are analyzed. No appreciable periodic waves are found in the tropics. The quasi-biennial oscillation, annual wave, and four-month wave have maximum amplitudes of about 10, 20, and 10 m/s respectively in the arctic near 45 km. The phase of the annual wave changes by nearly 180 deg in a narrow zone near 45 deg N. The semiannual wave has an amplitude of 10 m/s near 50 deg N above 50 km with equinoctial phase dates in the region of maximum amplitude. The location of this polar semiannual wave corresponds closely to that previously found in the zonal wind.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Meteorological Society; vol. 101
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A quantitative magnetospheric model derived from spacecraft magnetometer data (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The model is derived by making least squares fits to magnetic field measurements from four Imp satellites. It includes four sets of coefficients, representing different degrees of magnetic disturbance as determined by the range of Kp values. The data are fit to a power series expansion in the solar magnetic coordinates and the solar wind-dipole tilt angle, and thus the effects of seasonal north-south asymmetries are contained. The expansion is divergence-free, but unlike the usual scalar potential expansion, the model contains a nonzero curl representing currents distributed within the magnetosphere. The latitude at the earth separating open polar cap field lines from field lines closing on the day side is about 5 deg lower than that determined by previous theoretically derived models. At times of high Kp, additional high-latitude field lines extend back into the tail. Near solstice, the separation latitude can be as low as 75 deg in the winter hemisphere. The average northward component of the external field is much smaller than that predicted by theoretical models; this finding indicates the important effects of distributed currents in the magnetosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Feb. 1
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric effects and sidereal-diurnal variations in extended air showers (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations are presented on the variations of extended air shower intensity with an average power of 1.4 x 10,000 and 1.4 x 100,000 particles at sea level. The effect of disintegrating particles and the essential role of cascades formed above the lower third of the atmosphere are examined. However, the authors failed to discover anisotropy of initial particles with an energy of 10 to the 14th power to 10 to the 15th power eV with an accuracy of up to 0.1%.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Cosmic Rays (; p 133-137
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Magnetospheric mapping with a quantitative geomagnetic field model (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mapping the magnetosphere on a dipole geomagnetic field model by projecting field and particle observations onto the model is described. High-latitude field lines are traced between the earth's surface and their intersection with either the equatorial plane or a cross section of the geomagnetic tail, and data from low-altitude orbiting satellites are projected along field lines to the outer magnetosphere. This procedure is analyzed, and the resultant mappings are illustrated. Extension of field lines into the geomagnetic tail and low-altitude determination of the polar cap and cusp are presented. It is noted that while there is good agreement among the various data, more particle measurements are necessary to clear up statistical uncertainties and to facilitate comparison of statistical models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Feb. 1
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Experimental hypervelocity impact into quartz sand - Distribution and shock metamorphism of ejecta (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented for vertical impacts of 0.3-g cylindrical plastic projectiles into noncohesive quartz sand in which vertical and horizontal reference strate were employed by using layers of colored sand. The impacts were performed at velocities of 5.9-6.9 km/sec with a vertical gun ballistic range. The craters, 30-33 cm in diameter, reveal a radial decay of the ejecta mass per unit area with a power of -2.8 to -3.5. Material displaced from the upper 15% of the crater depth d is represented within the whole ejecta blanked, material from deeper than 28% of d is deposited inside 2 crater radii, and no material from deeper than 33% of d was ejected beyond the crater rim. Shock-metamorphosed particles (glassy agglutinates, cataclastic breccias, and comminuted quartz) amount to some 4% of the total displaced mass and indicate progressive zones of decay of shock intensity from a peak pressure of 300 kbar. The shock-metamorphosed particles and the shock-induced change in the grain size distribution of ejected samples have close analogies to the basic characteristics of the lunar regolith. Possible applications to regolith formation and to ejecta formations of large-scale impact craters are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Oct. 10
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Explorer 45 /S3-A/ observations of the magnetosphere and magnetopause during the August 4-6, 1972, magnetic storm period (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Explorer 45 (S3-A) satellite performed extensive field and particle measurements in the heart of the magnetosphere during the double magnetic storm period of August 4-6, 1972. Both the ground level magnetic records and the magnetic field deformations measured along the orbit by the satellite indicated the existence of only a moderate ring current. This was confirmed by the measurements of the total proton energy density by the on-board particle detectors, which showed a maximum energy density less than the densities observed during the December 1971 and June 1972 magnetic storms. The plasmapause in the noon quadrant was eroded continuously from the onset of the first storm at the beginning of August 4 to an altitude below L = 2.07 at about 1800 hours on August 5. Throughout the entire orbit during which the second sudden commencement occurred, a large amount of low-frequency electric and magnetic field noise was encountered. The most remarkable observation during this orbit was the contraction of the magnetopause to distances inside the satellite location at L = 5.2.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Nov. 1
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  • 7
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    Future monitoring of charged particle energy deposition into the upper atmosphere and comments on possible relationships between atmospheric phenomena and solar and/or geomagnetic activity (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Monitoring of earth's atmosphere was conducted for several years utilizing the ITOS series of low-altitude, polar-orbiting weather satellites. A space environment monitoring package was included in these satellites to perform measurements of a portion of earth's charged particle environment. The charged particle observations proposed for the low-altitude weather satellite TIROS N, are described which will provide the capability of routine monitoring of the instantaneous total energy deposition into the upper atmosphere by the precipitation of charged particles from higher altitudes. Such observations may be of use in future studies of the relationships between geomagnetic activity and atmospheric weather pattern developments. Estimates are given to assess the potential importance of this type of energy deposition. Discussion and examples are presented illustrating the importance of distinguishing between solar and geomagnetic activity as possible causative sources. Such differentiation is necessary because of the widely different spatial and time scales involved in the atmospheric energy input resulting from these various sources of activity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 155-159
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Low cost silicon solar arrays (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Continuous growth methodology for silicon solar cell ribbons deals with capillary effects, die effects, thermal effects and crystal shape effects. Emphasis centers on the shape of the meniscus at the ribbon edge as a factor contributing to ribbon quality with respect to defect densities. Structural and electrical characteristics of edge defined, film-fed grown silicon ribbons are elaborated. Ribbon crystal solar cells produce AMO efficiencies of 6 to 10%.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proc. of the 1st ERDA Semiann. Solar Photovoltaic Conversion Program Conf.; p 104-171
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Metastable 2P oxygen ions in the daytime thermosphere (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Dayglow radiation at 7319 A has been measured by the visible airglow experiment on Atmosphere Explorer C. The overhead surface brightness measured at 15.4 hours local solar time on January 27, 1974, was 250 plus or minus 10 R. The volume emission rate had a peak value of 20 photons per cu cm per sec at a height of about 210 km. The data show clear evidence of quenching by collisons with thermal electrons at the higher altitudes and with neutral particles at lower altitudes. Quenching by neutral particles occurs at nearly the gas kinetic rate.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Mar. 1
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  • 10
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    Periodic analysis of total ozone and its vertical distribution (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Both total ozone and vertical distribution ozone data from the period 1957 to 1972 are analyzed. For total ozone, improved monthly zonal means for both hemispheres are computed by weighting individual station monthly means by a factor which compensates for the close grouping of stations in certain regions of latitude bands. Longitudinal variability show maxima in summer in both hemispheres, but, in winter, only in the Northern Hemisphere. The geographical distributions of the long term mean, and the annual, quasibiennial and semiannual waves in total ozone over the Northern Hemisphere are presented. The extratropical amplitude of the annual wave is by far the largest of the three, as much as 120 m atm cm over northern Siberia. There is a tendency for all three waves to have maxima in high latitudes. Monthly means of the vertical distribution of ozone determined from 3 to 8 years of ozonesonde data over North America are presented. Number density is highest in the Arctic near 18 km. The region of maximum number density slopes upward toward 10 N, where the long term mean is 45 x 10 to the 11th power molecules cm/3 near 26 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-137737 , RR-3
    Format: application/pdf
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