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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Factor Analyses of Specific Cognitive Abilities in 5-Year-Old Dutch Children (2000)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 30 (2000), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Specific cognitive abilities ; factor models ; heritability ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic and environmental factor structures of intellectual abilities in 5-year-old Dutch twins were examined. Six subtests of the RAKIT, a Dutch intelligence test, were administered to 209 twin pairs. The subtests were categorized as either verbal or nonverbal. The genetic covariance structure displayed a two-common factor structure including specific factors to account for subtest residual variance. The correlation between the genetic Verbal and genetic Nonverbal factors did not differ significantly from zero. The shared environmental influence displayed a single-common factor structure. Unique environmental influences did not contribute to the covariance between subtests and were specific in origin. Estimates of heritability of the subtests ranged from 15% to 56%. Shared environmental influences were significantly present, but were modest in magnitude. The phenotypic data was best described by an oblique two-factor model. This model was not mirrored in the factor structures found for either the genetic or environmental covariances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002034509854
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Influences on EEG Coherence in 5-Year-Old Twins (1998)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 28 (1998), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Brain ; EEG coherence ; twins ; heritability ; children ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence has been suggested to be an index of the connectivity of the brain. It represents the coupling between two EEG signals from different brain areas and is mathematically analogous to a cross-correlation in the frequency domain. We obtained data from 167 pairs of 5-year-old twins to study genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in intrahemispheric coherences. Coherence was computed in the theta band (4.0 to 7.5 cycles/s) between prefrontal, frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions during quiet rest. Univariate genetic analyses of the data showed moderate to strong genetic influences for all coherences. Broad heritabilities ranged from 30 to 71%, with a mean heritability of 49%. With one exception, no sex differences were found. Split-half reliabilities varied with interelectrode distances, ranging from .91 for the shortest distance to .62 for the longest distance. When split-half reliabilities are compared with heritabilities, the data suggest that for corticocortical connections between adjacent brain areas, a large part of the variance is explained by “true” environmental influences, whereas for longer connections, that is, sensory to frontal areas, the variance is mostly genetic in origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021400613723
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