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1

Electronic Resource

Genetic mapping of sedimentation volume across environments using recombinant inbred lines of durum wheat (1998)

Blanco, A. ; Bellomo, M. P. ; Lotti, C. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: SDS-sedimentation volume (SV) is a biochemical index widely used to evaluate flour quality in durum and bread wheats. Significant association between SV and endosperm proteins (gliadin, high-molecular-weight- and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits) have been reported. Protein loci, however, account for only a portion of the total genetic variability. The objective of this study was to identify and locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with SV in a set of recombinant inbred (RI) lines, derived from a cross between the cv.‘Messapia’ of durum wheat and the accession MG4343 of the var. dicoccoides, and characterized for 259 genetic and molecular (RFLP) markers. Significant differences were detected for the quality index in the six environments examined, while the pattern of variability was that of a quantitative trait. Regression analysis of marker loci and sedimentation volume indicated, as expected, that chromosome 1B, on which are located the Gli-B 1/Glu-B 3 loci for some gliadin and glutenin subunits, is important for wheat quality. Two additional regions located on chromosomes 6AL and 7BS, and four regions on 1AL, 3AS, 3BL and 5AL, were shown to have single-factor effects on sedimentation volume at P 〈 0.001 and P 〈 0.01, respectively. Positive effects were contributed by both parents. A multiple linear regression model consisting of seven significant loci on different chromosomes explained 62–91% of the genotypic variation of the trait. The availability of linked markers to QTLs may facilitate the genetic dissection of quantitative traits and the early selection in wheat breeding programmes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01965.x

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2

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Action of the opaque-7 mutation on the accumulation of storage products in maize endorsperm

Di Fonzo, N. ; Gentinetta, E. ; Salamini, F. ; [et al.]

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Plant Science Letters 14 (1979), S. 345-354

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ISSN: 0304-4211

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Biology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4211(79)90317-1

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3

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Drought tolerance of photosynthetic electron transport under CO2-enriched and normal air in cereal species (1998)

Flagella, Z. ; Campanile, R. G. ; Stoppelli, M. C. ; [et al.]

Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers

Physiologia plantarum 104 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport (ΦPSII), evaluated by means of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence analysis, has proven to be a useful screening test for drought tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). To explore the potential of this parameter further in detecting drought-tolerant genotypes, three cereal species were studied; ΦPSII measurements were carried out under two different gas mixtures, at three points of the induction curve (to obtain the maximal ΦPSII and both the transient and steady-state actual ΦPSII), and at three different water stress levels (moderate, severe and drastic). The species investigated were durum and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); two cultivars per species, characterized by different levels of drought tolerance, were tested. The two gas mixtures used were normal air (21% O2, 0.035% CO2 in N2) to monitor the whole photosynthetic process under physiological conditions, and CO2 enriched-low O2 air (1% O2, 5% CO2 in N2) to monitor ΦPSII reduction under stress mainly related to Calvin cycle activity. When ΦPSII related to both assimilatory and non-assimilatory metabolism was evaluated, the cultivar differences observed under normal Air were more representative of the agronomic performance upon drought stress than under high CO2-low O2 air. Maximal ΦPSII showed no difference among either cultivars, gas mixtures or stress levels, the efficiency of excitation capture being highly resistant to drought. The ΦPSII evaluated during the transient yielded predictable values in respect of drought tolerance for durum wheat and barley cultivars, highlighting the key role of regulatory processes such as the Mehler peroxidase reaction and possibly also cyclic electron transport, in preventing overreduction under stress. The results clearly show that when Chl fluorescence analysis is used as a parameter in plant breeding, different experimental conditions should be used depending on the physiological mechanism that is bred or selected for.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040434.x

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4

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Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in maize by molecular markers I. Yield components (1999)

Frova, C. ; Krajewski, P. ; di Fonzo, N. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 280-288

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words Zea mays L ; Drought tolerance ; Molecular markers ; Yield components ; Linkage analysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Grain yield is a complex trait, strongly influenced by the environment: severe losses can be caused by drought, a stress common in most maize-growing areas, including temperate climatic zones. Accordingly, drought tolerance is one of the main components of yield stability, and its improvement is a major challenge to breeders. The aim of the present work was the identification, in maize genotypes adapted to temperate areas, of genomic segments responsible for the expression of drought tolerance of yield components: ear length, ear weight, kernel weight, kernel number and 50-kernel weight. A linkage analysis between the expression of these traits and molecular markers was performed on a recombinant inbred population of 142 families, obtained by repeated selfing of the F1 between lines B73 and H99. The population, genotyped at 173 loci (RFLPs, microsatellites and AFLPs), was evaluated in well-watered and water-stressed conditions. A drought tolerance index was calculated as the ratio between the mean value of the trait in the two environments. For the traits measured, a highly positive correlation was found over the two water regimes, and more than 50% of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected were the same in both; moreover, the direction of the allelic contribution was always consistent, the allele increasing the trait value being mostly from line B73. Several QTLs were common to two or more traits. For the tolerance index, however, most of the QTLs were specific for a single component and different from those controlling the basic traits; in addition, a large proportion of the alleles increasing tolerance were provided by line H99. The data suggest that drought tolerance for yield components is largely associated with genetic and physiological factors independent from those determining the traits per se. The implications of these results for developing an efficient strategy of marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051233

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5

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Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in maize by molecular markers. II. Plant height and flowering (1999)

Sari-Gorla, M. ; Krajewski, P. ; Di Fonzo, N. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 289-295

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words Zea mays L ; Maize ; Drought Molecular markers ; Flowering ; Linkage analysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Drought is a serious agronomic problem, and one of the most important factors contributing to crop yield loss. In maize grown in temperate areas, drought stress occurs just before and during the flowering period; consequently, tolerance to water stress in this species is largely determined by events that occur at or shortly after flowering. The purposes of our investigation were: (1) to identify the chromosomal regions where factors conferring drought tolerance for traits related to plant development and flowering are located and (2) to compare these regions with those carrying QTLs controlling these traits, in order to get indirect information on the genetic and physiological basis of maize response to water stress. To this aim, we performed a linkage analysis between the expression of male and female flowering time, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height and molecular markers. The experiment was carried out under two environmental conditions, well-watered and water-stressed, on a maize population of 142 recombinant inbred lines obtained by selfing the F1 between lines B73 and H99 and genotyped by RFLP, microsatellites (SSR) and AFLP markers, for a total of 153 loci. Linkage analysis revealed that, for male flowering time and plant height, most of the QTLs detected were the same under control and stress conditions. In contrast, with respect to female flowering time and ASI diverse QTLs appeared to be expressed either under control conditions or under stress. All of the QTLs conferring tolerance to drought were located in a different chromosome position as compared to the map position of the factors controlling the trait per se. This suggests that plant tolerance, in its different components, is not attributable to the presence of favourable allelic combinations controlling the trait but is based on physiological characteristics not directly associated with the control of the character.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051234

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6

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Physiological responses to water stress following a conditioning period in berseem clover (2000)

Iannucci, A. ; Rascio, A. ; Russo, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 223 (2000), S. 219-229

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: drought acclimation ; leaf water potential ; osmotic potential ; proline ; Trifolium alexandrinum L

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is an important crop in semi-arid regions; its herbage and seed yields are often reduced by water stress. Our objectives were (i) to determine the effect of water stress, applied after a conditioning period, on water relations, proline accumulation and plant dry weight, and (ii) to investigate if some physiological responses differed in varieties of berseem. Five cultivars (Axi, Bigbee, Lilibeo, Sacromonte and Saniros) were grown in a controlled environment, and subjected to four irrigation treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4 referring to plants irrigated to field capacity every 1, 2, 3 or 4 d, respectively) during a conditioning period (12 d). T1 treatment indicated the well-watered control, whereas T2, T3 and T4 treatments represented the conditioned plants. Leaf water potential (Ψ), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), gravimetric soil water content (GSWC) and leaf proline concentration were recorded during the conditioning period and a subsequent water deficit period (3 d) applied at early flowering growth stage. The conditioned plants subjected to subsequent water deficit maintained higher values of Ψ, Ψπ, RWC and GSWC, and lower values of leaf proline concentration. Reductions in parameter values were inversely related to the water stress severity that plants had previously experienced. At the end of the experiment, T1 showed 42%, 58% and 31% lower values for Ψ, Ψπ and RWC, respectively, than those of T4. Conditioned plants were also shorter and accumulated less leaf, stem and total dry weight. The conditioning treatments did not affect the relation between Ψ and Ψπ since conditioned plants show similar values of Ψπ as the control at the same Ψ value. Thus, drought acclimation in berseem clover contributed to water stress tolerance by the maintenance of tissue hydration. The berseem cultivars examined showed differences in plant growth parameters, but they were very similar for physiological responses to water deficit. The main genetic difference was recorded for turgor maintenance capacity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004842927653

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