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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rain or Shine: Where is the Weather Effect? (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    European financial management 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-036X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There is considerable empirical evidence that emotion influences decision-making. In this paper, we use a database of individual investor accounts to examine the weather effects on traders. Our analysis of the trading activity in five major US cities over a six-year period finds virtually no difference in individuals’ propensity to buy or sell equities on cloudy days as opposed to sunny days. If the association between cloud cover and stock returns documented for New York and other world cities is indeed caused by investor mood swings, our findings suggest that researchers should focus on the attitudes of market-makers, news providers or other agents physically located in the city hosting the exchange. NYSE spreads widen on cloudy days. When we control for this, the weather effect becomes smaller and insignificant. We interpret this as evidence that the behaviour of market-makers, rather than individual investors, may be responsible for the relation between returns and weather.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-7798.2005.00298.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the field distribution of a Ti:LilNbO3 optical waveguide and its applications (1992)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 24 (1992), S. 737-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620153
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of electrooptically induced waveguides in strontium barium niobate and optical modulators (1993)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 25 (1993), S. 517-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An electrooptically induced optical waveguide can be formed by applying a DC voltage between electrodes fabricated on the surface of a crystal with strong electrooptic coefficients (for example, strontium barium niobate). Calculations of the refractive index profile and the optical mode size for such waveguides are presented. Approximate solutions for the fundamental mode are used to analyse the power coupling between a single-mode step-profile fibre and these waveguides. The power transmission losses in the straight and S-shaped waveguides are estimated by using a finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). The calculations predict that a new kind of modulator/switch can be realized with the induced waveguides. The important characteristics of these devices are discussed and compared with LiNbO3 optical waveguide modulators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the eigenmodes of two coupled Ti: LiNbO3 optical waveguides and its application (1994)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 26 (1994), S. S173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstact Two kinds of trial solutions for the symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the parallel Ti: LiNbO3 waveguide structure are proposed and their parameters are determined by use of the variational method. Comparison with the results of the finite-element method and reported experimental results shows that the solutions composed of Hermite-Gaussian functions might achieve better accuracy. It is shown that the formulae established here are suited for both single waveguide structures and coupled waveguide structures. In addition, we discuss the optimal electrode design for the symmetric directional coupler switches with a zero waveguide spacing. It is found that the required drive voltage can be lowered by choosing a small electrode gap and an appropriate electrode width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384671
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple variational analysis of diffused channel waveguides (1993)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 25 (1993), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The variational analysis of Ti:LiNbO3 strip waveguides is resolved into two related one-dimension problems, which provides a new iterative approach for the calculation of the mode parameters and the propagation constant. The analytical expressions of the local effective index profiles can be obtained from the variational analysis. The parameters of four trial solutions for the fundamental mode in a diffused-channel waveguide have been determined by using the present method. Comparison with results using the effective method shows that these four approximate expressions are accurate enough. It is also shown that this method converges very quickly and is suitable for both diffused channel waveguides and optical waveguides with rectangular cross-section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two coplanar waveguide electrodes for Ti:LiNbO3 interferometric modulators (1995)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 27 (1995), S. 607-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coplanar waveguide travelling-wave electrodes widely used for Z-cut Ti:LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder optical modulators can be divided into two types. One has a wide centre electrode and small electrode gaps, while the other has a narrow centre conductor, wide gaps, and a relatively thick buffer layer. An accurate method for analysing the operational efficiency of the devices with these two electrode structures has been developed using the Galerkin method and the point matching method. Simulation results show that the interaction efficiency of the interferometric modulator with a narrow centre conductor is slightly lower than that with a wide centre electrode. However, the former is more promising because it can achieve a 50 Ω transmission line matched with the drive circuit. The optimization of the optical waveguide position and the fabricational tolerance on the alignment of the electrode pattern are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563143
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of velocity-matched Ti:LiNbO3 optical intensity modulators with an extended point-matching method (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The point-matching method has been extended to analyse a travelling-wave electrode structure for shielded velocity-matched Ti:LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder optical modulators. This method provides a simple and fast approach to analysing the coplanar waveguide with buffer layer, cover shield, and electrodes of finite thickness. The calculated characteristic impedances and microwave effective indices agree well with those obtained using the spectral domain technique and the finite-element method. It is found that in the coplanar waveguide without cover shield it is difficult to achieve velocity matching. The coplanar waveguide with cover shield can be used to achieve velocity matching, but the corresponding characteristic impedance is lower than 50Ω. Both velocity matching and impedance matching can be obtained using a narrow centre electrode. The calculated electric field has been used to estimate the modulation efficiency of the device. Velocity matching can be achieved by adjusting the height of the cover shield, but a compromise must be made between high interaction efficiency and low microwave reflection when choosing the buffer layer thickness and the electrode thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278282
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainty and the choice of instruments in a two-country monetary-policy game (1990)
    Springer
    Open economies review 1 (1990), S. 39-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In the two-country, monetary-policy game of this paper, each policymaker can choose his money supply or his interest rate as his instrument. With no uncertainty there are four noncooperative equilibria, one for each possible instrument pair. A policymaker is indifferent between instruments: his payoff depends not on his choice but on his opponent's. With uncertainty, the number of equilibria is reduced, sometimes to one. A policymaker is not indifferent between instruments; his payoff depends on his choice as well as on his opponent's. In some cases each policymaker prefers the equilibrium instrument choice of his opponent, but in others at least one would prefer another choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886175
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models of superconducting-normal-superconducting junctions (1998)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 59-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau-type model of a superconducting-normal-superconducting junction is presented. The existence and the uniqueness of the solutions are proved. When the data of the model are symmetric of some kinds, the solutions turns out to be symmetric of some kinds. In this symmetric case, an approximate model with the small thickness of the normal material in the middle of the junction as coefficients of a differential system is established for the sake of numerical computations. And also the existence and the uniqueness of the solution to this approximate model are set up. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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    Loss of ZIP facilitates JAK2-STAT3 activation in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: Tamoxifen, a widely used modulator of the estrogen receptor (ER), targets ER-positive breast cancer preferentially. We used a powerful validation-based insertion mutagenesis method to find that expression of a dominant-negative, truncated form of the histone deacetylase ZIP led to resistance to tamoxifen. Consistently, increased expression of full-length ZIP gives the opposite phenotype, inhibiting the expression of genes whose products mediate resistance. An important example isJAK2. By binding to two specific sequences in the promoter, ZIP suppressesJAK2expression. Increased expression and activation of JAK2 when ZIP is inhibited lead to increased STAT3 phosphorylation and increased resistance to tamoxifen, both in cell culture experiments and in a mouse xenograft model. Furthermore, data from human tumors are consistent with the conclusion that decreased expression of ZIP leads to resistance to tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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