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  • 1
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    Activation of Ras-dependent signaling pathways by G14-coupled receptors requires the adaptor protein TPR1 (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-19
    Description: Many G q -coupled receptors mediate mitogenic signals by stimulating extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) that are typically regulated by the small GTPase Ras. Recent studies have revealed that members of the Gα q family may possess the ability to activate Ras/ERK by interacting with the adaptor protein tetratricopeptide repeat 1 (TPR1). Within the Gα q family, the highly promiscuous Gα 14 can relay signals from numerous receptors. Here, we examined if Gα 14 interacts with TPR1 to stimulate Ras signaling pathways. Expression of the constitutively active Gα 14 QL mutant in HEK293 cells led to the formation of GTP-bound Ras as well as increased phosphorylations of downstream signaling molecules including ERK and IκB kinase. Stimulation of endogenous G 14 -coupled somatostatin type 2 and α 2 -adrenergic receptors produced similar responses in human hepatocellular HepG2 carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays using HEK293 cells demonstrated a stronger association of TPR1 for Gα 14 QL than Gα 14 , suggesting that TPR1 preferentially binds to the GTP-bound form of Gα 14 . Activated Gα 14 also interacted with the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors SOS1 and SOS2. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of TPR1 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of TPR1 effectively abolished the ability of Gα 14 to induce Ras signaling in native HepG2 or transfected HEK293 cells. Although expression of the dominant negative mutant of TPR1 suppressed Gα 14 QL-induced phosphorylations of ERK and IκB kinase, it did not affect Gα 14 QL-induced stimulation of phospholipase Cβ or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Our results suggest that TPR1 is required for Gα 14 to stimulate Ras-dependent signaling pathways, but not for the propagation of signals along Ras-independent pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    The biosynthetic pathway for a thousand-year-old natural food colorant and citrinin in Penicillium marneffei (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-23
    Description: Monascorubrin and its derivatives are polyketides used as natural colorants for a wide range of food for more than one thousand years. Since the biosynthetic pathway for this ancient chemical compound is unknown and genome sequence unavailable for any Monascus species, monascorubrin production has relied on extraction from fungal cultures of Monascus species. In vitro synthesis and genetic manipulation are not possible. Here we report the polyketide gene cluster and pathway for monascorubrin biosynthesis in Penicillium marneffei, a diffusible red pigment-producing, thermal dimorphic fungus, taking advantage of available genome sequence and faster growth rate than Monascus species. We also documented that the red pigment of P. marneffei is a mixture of more than 16 chemical compounds, which are amino acid conjugates of monascorubrin and rubropunctatin, and showed that this polyketide gene cluster and pathway are also responsible for biosynthesis of ankaflavin and citrinin, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic activity in mammals. The present study on elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of monascorubrin is a proof-of-the-concept study that serves as a cornerstone for future studies on monascorubrin biosynthesis pathway dissection in Monascus species. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06728
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Developmentally regulated activation of a SINE B2 repeat as a domain boundary in organogenesis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: The temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in mammalian development is linked to the establishment of functional chromatin domains. Here, we report that tissue-specific transcription of a retrotransposon repeat in the murine growth hormone locus is required for gene activation. This repeat serves as a boundary to block the influence of repressive chromatin modifications. The repeat element is able to generate short, overlapping Pol II-and Pol III-driven transcripts, both of which are necessary and sufficient to enable a restructuring of the regulated locus into nuclear compartments. These data suggest that transcription of interspersed repetitive sequences may represent a developmental strategy for the establishment of functionally distinct domains within the mammalian genome to control gene activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lunyak, Victoria V -- Prefontaine, Gratien G -- Nunez, Esperanza -- Cramer, Thorsten -- Ju, Bong-Gun -- Ohgi, Kenneth A -- Hutt, Kasey -- Roy, Rosa -- Garcia-Diaz, Angel -- Zhu, Xiaoyan -- Yung, Yun -- Montoliu, Lluis -- Glass, Christopher K -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):248-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Room 345, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA. vlunyak@uscd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase III/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; *Insulator Elements ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Organogenesis ; Pituitary Gland/*embryology/metabolism ; *Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Chemical pathway analysis of the Martian atmosphere: CO2-formation pathways (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Icarus, Elsevier, 219(1), pp. 13-24
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The chemical composition of a planetary atmosphere plays an important role for atmospheric structure, stability, and evolution. Potentially complex interactions between chemical species do not often allow for an easy understanding of the underlying chemical mechanisms governing the atmospheric composition. In particular, trace species can affect the abundance of major species by acting in catalytic cycles. On Mars, such cycles even control the abundance of its main atmospheric constituent CO2. The identification of catalytic cycles (or more generally chemical pathways) by hand is quite demanding. Hence, the application of computer algorithms is beneficial in order to analyze complex chemical reaction networks. Here, we have performed the first automated quantified chemical pathways analysis of the Martian atmosphere with respect to CO2-production in a given reaction system. For this, we applied the Pathway Analysis Program (PAP) to output data from the Caltech/JPL photochemical Mars model. All dominant chemical pathways directly related to the global CO2-production have been quantified as a function of height up to 86 km. We quantitatively show that CO2-production is dominated by chemical pathways involving HOx and Ox. In addition, we find that NOx in combination with HOx and Ox exhibits a non-negligible contribution to CO2-production, especially in Mars’ lower atmosphere. This study reveals that only a small number of chemical pathways contribute significantly to the atmospheric abundance of CO2 on Mars; their contributions to CO2-production vary considerably with altitude. This analysis also endorses the importance of transport processes in governing CO2-stability in the Martian atmosphere. Lastly, we identify a previously unknown chemical pathway involving HOx, Ox, and HO2-photodissociation, contributing 8% towards global CO2-production by chemical pathways using recommended up-to-date values for reaction rate coefficients.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Precision requirements for space-based XCO2 data (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): D10314, doi:10.1029/2006JD007659.
    Description: Precision requirements are determined for space-based column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) data. These requirements result from an assessment of spatial and temporal gradients in XCO2, the relationship between XCO2 precision and surface CO2 flux uncertainties inferred from inversions of the XCO2 data, and the effects of XCO2 biases on the fidelity of CO2 flux inversions. Observational system simulation experiments and synthesis inversion modeling demonstrate that the Orbiting Carbon Observatory mission design and sampling strategy provide the means to achieve these XCO2 data precision requirements.
    Description: This work was supported by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project through NASA’s Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program. SCO and JTR were supported by a NASA IDS grant (NAG5-9462) to JTR.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical decomposition of chlorinated benzenes in dimethylformamide solvent (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 26 (1992), S. 553-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00027a017
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion sputtering on metal oxides: A source of translationally hot O(3PJ) atoms for chemical studies above 1 eV (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2177-2184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel technique is described for generation of translationally "hot'' oxygen atoms that can be used for chemical studies. These atoms are produced through ion sputtering on Ta2 O5 targets. Mass-resolved beams of noble gas ions in the kilovolt energy range are generated for this purpose using a 150-cm isotope separator. The technique can yield fluxes of oxygen atoms in the range of 1015 –1016 atoms cm−2 s−1 from a 40-keV argon ion beam with 15-μA intensity. The sputtered atoms are predominantly neutral and reside exclusively in their 3PJ ground electronic state upon ejection. Translational energy profiles, measured for an incident ion beam angle of 30° from the surface normal, were found to be similar in both the forward and backward scattered directions at a 60° angle from the surface normal. These distributions peaked at about 7 eV, but extended beyond 20 eV. Theoretical calculations using a modified Thompson model yielded a similar distribution at this angle. This suggests that kilovolt ion sputtering on Ta2 O5 proceeds predominantly through a collision cascade mechanism. The energy range provided by this technique opens up a new area of hot-atom chemistry for oxygen atoms that has been relatively unexplored until now because of the lack of methods for their generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139983
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and Evolution of Planetary Atmospheres (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 425-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.002233
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure and temperature dependence kinetics study of the nitric oxide + bromine oxide .fwdarw. nitrogen dioxide + bromine reaction. Implications for stratospheric bromine photochemistry (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 83 (1979), S. 2936-2944 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100486a002
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primitive atmosphere and implications for the formation of channels on Mars (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 273 (1978), S. 730-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We adopt a simple model of the early martian atmosphere similar to Sagan's6 and Pollack's7, except for ammonia. The total pressure equals 100 mbar, with CH4, H2 and N2 as major components in proportions 60:6:1 by volume. The thermal structure of this atmosphere is similar to that given by Yung et ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/273730a0
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