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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Evaporation into the atmosphere : theory, history, and applications (1984)
    Dordrecht [u.a] : Reidel
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI A5-96-0611
    In: Environmental fluid mechanics
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 299 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1st edition 1982, reprinted 1984
    ISBN: 9027712476
    Series Statement: Environmental fluid mechanics 1
    Language: English
    Note: Table of Contents: FOREWORD. - CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION. - 1.1. Definitions. - 1.2. Practical Scope. - a. The Water Budget. - b. The Energy Budget. - 1.3. Global Climatology. - 1.4. The Transfer of Other Admixtures at the Earth-Atmosphere Interface. - CHAPTER 2. HISTORY OF THE THEORIES OF EVAPORATION - A CHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. - 2.1. Greek Antiquity. - 2.2. The Roman Period and the Middle Ages. - 2.3. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Initial Measurements and Experimentation. - 2.4. Foundations of Present Theories in the Nineteenth Century. - CHAPTER 3. THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE. - 3.1. Moist Air. - a. Some Parameter Definitions. - b. Useful Forms of the First Law of Thermodynamics. - c. Saturation Vapor Pressure. - 3.2. Hydrostatic Stability of Partly Saturated Atmosphere. - a. Small Adiabatic Displacements. - b. Potential Temperature. - 3.3. Atmospheric Transport of Water Vapor. - a. Conservation of Water Vapor. - b. Other Conservation Equations. - c. Solution of the Transport Equations . - 3.4. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. - CHAPTER 4. MEAN PROFILES AND SIMILARITY IN A STATIONARY AND HORIZONTALLY UNIFORM ABL. - 4.1. The Dynamic Sublayer. - a. The Logarithmic Profile. - b. The Power Law Approximation. - 4.2. The Surface Sublayer. - a. The Mean Profiles. - b. Some Flux-Profile Functions. - 4.3. Bulk Parameterization of the Whole ABL. - a. Similarity for the Mean Profiles in the Outer Sublayer. - b. Bulk Transfer Equations for the ABL. - 4.4. The Interfacial Sublayers. - a. Similarity for the Mean Profiles. - b. Interfacial Bulk Transfer Equations for Scalar Admixtures. - c. Smooth Surfaces: The Viscous Sublayer. - d. Surfaces with Bluff Roughness Elements. - e. Surfaces with Permeable Roughnesses: The Canopy Sublayer. - CHAPTER 5. THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERIZATION. - 5.1. The Momentum Roughness. - a. Land Surfaces. - b. Water Surfaces. - 5.2. The Scalar Roughness. - a. Calculation from Interfacial Transfer Coefficients. - b. Values Over Water. - CHAPTER 6. ENERGY FLUXES AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE. - 6.1. Net Radiation. - a. Global Short Wave Radiation. - b. Albedo. - c. Long-Wave or Terrestrial Radiation. - 6.2. Energy Absorption by Photosynthesis. - 6.3. Energy Flux at Lower Boundary of the Layer. - a. Land Surfaces. - b. Whole Water Bodies. - c. Water Surfaces. - 6.4. Remaining Terms. - a. Energy Advection. - b. Rate of Change of Energy Stored in the Layer. - CHAPTER 7. ADVECTION EFFECTS NEAR CHANGES IN SURFACE CONDITIONS. - 7.1. The Internal Boundary Layer. - a. Equations for the Mean Field. - b. Methods of Closure for Disturbed Boundary Layers: A Brief Survey. - c. Some General Features of Local Momentum Advection. Fetch Requirement. - 7.2. Evaporation with Local Advection. - a. Analytical Solutions with Power Laws. - b. Numerical Studies. - CHAPTER 8. METHODS BASED ON TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS. - 8.1. Direct or Eddy-Correlation Method. - a. Instruments. - b. Requirements on Instrumentation. - 8.2. The Dissipation Method. - a. The Direct Variance Dissipation Method. - b. The Inertial Dissipation (or Spectral Density) Method. - CHAPTER 9. METHODS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS OF MEAN PROFILES. - 9.1. Mean Profile Method With Similarity Formulations. - a. Measurements in the Surface Sublayer. - b. Measurements in the Dynamic Sublayer. - c. Upper-Air Measurements: The ABL Profile Method. - 9.2. Bulk Transfer Approach. - a. Over a Uniform Surface. - b. Evaporation From Lakes. - 9.3. Sampling Times. - CHAPTER 10. ENERGY BUDGET AND RELATED METHODS. - 10.1. Standard Application. - a. With Bowen Ratio (EBBR). - b. With Profiles of Mean Wind and of One Scalar (EBWSP). - 10.2. Simplified Methods for Wet Surfaces. - a. Some Comments on Potential Evaporation. - b. The EBWSP Method With Measurements at One Level. - c. Advection-Free Evaporation from Wet Surfaces. - 10.3. Simplified Methods for Actual Evapotranspiration. - a. Adjustment of Penman's Approach With Bulk Stomatal Resistance. - b. Complementary Relationships between Actual and Potential Evaporation. - c. Extensions of Equilibrium Evaporation Concept. - CHAPTER 11. MASS BUDGET METHODS. - 11.1 Terrestrial Water Budget a. Soil Water Depletion and Seepage. - b. River Basins and Other Hydrological Catchments. - c. Lakes and Open-water Reservoirs. - d. Water Budget-Related Instruments; Evaporimeters. - 11.2. Atmospheric Water Budget a. Concept and Formulation b. Application of the Method . - HISTORICAL REFERENCES (PRIOR TO 1900). - REFERENCES. - INDEX.
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  • 2
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    A generalized complementary principle with physical constraints for land-surface evaporation (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: The idea of complementary evaporative fluxes, first advanced by Bouchet in 1963 is reformulated as a general polynomial, satisfying boundary conditions based on strictly physical considerations. Experimental evidence supports the validity of the imposed constraints. Earlier complementary relationships are shown to be special cases which satisfy only one of the necessary conditions. The new formulation provides a more rigorous base for the complementary principle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Daily evaporation from drying soil: Universal parameterization with similarity (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-28
    Description: With supporting experimental evidence from three separate field studies of daily mean evaporation from bare soil with vastly different physical characteristics, it is shown that the process can be described as isothermal linear diffusion in a finite depth domain. The resulting solution leads directly to similarity variables and thus a universal parameterization, which should in principle be applicable to most field soils. In addition, a closed form expression is presented to estimate the weighted mean diffusivity for exponential type soil water diffusivities. In this solution the widely used square root of inverse time proportionality of this phenomenon is its short time version, whereas the exponential decay proportionality, proposed however by several authors for vegetated surfaces, is its long time version. It appears that in many situations the soil layer contributing to evaporation is fairly shallow and only a few tens of centimeters thick.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 4
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    The daily mean zero-flux plane during soil-controlled evaporation: A Green's function approach (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-14
    Description: A solution is presented of the linearized Richards equation with inclusion of gravity and with appropriate boundary conditions describing the combined soil-controlled surface evaporation and the downward infiltration, following the application of a given amount of precipitation or irrigation. This solution is shown to agree with available field measurements, namely the evolution with time of the zero-flux plane depth and of the rate of soil-controlled evaporation from the bare soil surface. The problem is solved by means of the Green's function method; the result is general enough to be also applicable to flow problems in linear soils with boundary conditions substantially different from the ones considered herein.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 5
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    Regional evaporation estimates in the eastern monsoon region of China: Assessment of a nonlinear formulation of the complementary principle (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-19
    Description: The performance of a nonlinear formulation of the complementary principle for evaporation estimation was investigated in 241 catchments with different climate conditions in the eastern monsoon region of China. Evaporation ( Ea ) calculated by the water balance equation was used as the reference. Ea estimated by the calibrated nonlinear formulation was generally in good agreement with the water balance results, especially in relatively dry catchments. The single parameter in the nonlinear formulation, namely α e as a weak analog of the alpha parameter of Priestley and Taylor [1972], tended to exhibit larger values in warmer and humid near-coastal areas, but smaller values in colder, drier environments inland, with a significant dependency on the aridity index ( AI ). The nonlinear formulation combined with the equation relating the one parameter and AI provides a promising method to estimate regional Ea with standard and routinely measured meteorological data. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
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  • 6
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    Nonlinear advection-aridity method for landscape evaporation and its application during the growing season in the southern Loess Plateau of the Yellow River basin (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-23
    Description: The advection-aridity approach to estimate actual evaporation from natural land surfaces is one of the better known implementations of Bouchet's complementary principle. Detailed measurements at 2 m, 12 m and 32 m above the ground surface during the growing seasons of 2004 through 2007 allowed validation of a generalized nonlinear form of this approach above the highly variable terrain in Changwu County in the southern Loess Plateau of the Yellow River basin in China. The obtained values of the parameters were found to lie well within the ranges to be expected on physical grounds or from previous measurements by different experimental means; calibration on the basis of any one year of data allowed predictions within roughly 5% on average. Relative to the corresponding observed turbulent vapor fluxes, the evaporation rates calculated with measurements at the highest level of 32 m displayed the least scatter but only slightly less than those calculated with measurements at the lower level of 12 m; however, those based on measurements at the lowest level of 2 m displayed considerably more scatter than those derived at the two higher levels. This is consistent with the existence of a blending height at higher elevations above the ground, where the effects of surface variability tend to fade away. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 7
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    Use of pan evaporation to estimate terrestrial evaporation trends. the case of the Tibetan Plateau (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-18
    Description: There is still no general agreement on the relationship between the evaporation of open water from a small pan and the terrestrial evaporation from the surrounding landscape under drying conditions. A possible way out of this impasse is reviewed and applied to the harsh and extreme climatic conditions of the Tibetan Plateau. It is confirmed herein that during 1966-2000 with a pan evaporation trend of −4.57 mm a −2 , the terrestrial evaporation trend was +0.7 mm a −2 , in agreement with the experimental findings of Zhang et al. [2007].
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  • 8
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    The determination of permafrost thawing trends from long-term streamflow measurements with an application in eastern Siberia (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-29
    Description: Permafrost has been reported to be degrading at increasing rates over wide areas in northern regions of Eurasia and North America; the evidence has come mainly from in situ observations in the soil profile, which have limited spatial and invariably limited temporal coverage. Herein three methods are proposed to relate low river flows (or base flows) during the open water season with the rate of change of the active groundwater layer thickness resulting from permafrost thawing at the scale of the upstream river basin. As an example, the methods are tested with data from four gaging stations within the Lena River basin in eastern Siberia, one in the Upper Lena basin, and three in two of its tributaries, namely the Olyokma and the Aldan basins. The different results are mutually consistent and suggest that over the 1950–2008 period the active layer thickness has been increasing at average rates roughly of the order of 0.3 to 1 cm a−1 in the areas with discontinuous permafrost and at average rates about half as large in colder more eastern areas with continuous permafrost. These rates have not been steady but have been increasing; thus it appears that in the earlier years over the period 1950–1970, some large regions have not been undergoing active layer thickness increases and perhaps even decreases, whereas from the 1990s onward vast areas have experienced larger average layer thickness increases, especially those with continuous permafrost.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Estimation of land surface evaporation using a generalized nonlinear complementary relationship (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-01-20
    Description: Evaporation is a key component of the hydrological cycle and affects regional water resources. Although the physics of evaporation is well understood, its estimation in practice remains a challenge. Among available methods for estimating it, the complementary principle of Bouchet has the potential to provide a practical tool for regional water resources assessment. In this study, the generalized nonlinear formulation of this principle by Brutsaert [2015] was tested against evaporation measurements from four flux stations in Australia under different climatic and vegetation conditions. The method was implemented using meteorological data and Class A pan evaporation measurements. After calibration the estimated daily evaporation values were in good agreement with flux station measurements with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.83 and a bias of 4% on average. More accurate estimates of daily evaporation were obtained when the evaporative demand or apparent potential evaporation was determined from the Penman equation instead of from pan evaporation. The obtained parameter values were found to lie well within the ranges of reported values in the literature. Advantages of the method are that only routine meteorological data are required and that it can be used to estimate long-term evaporation trends.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some exact solutions for nonlinear desorptive diffusion (1982)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 33 (1982), S. 540-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On démontre l'existence d'une classe de solutions exactes pour le problème de désorption qui peuvent être obtenues par une méthode d'inversion. Cette méthode correspond à la méthode proposée par Philip (1960) pour sorption et rédistribution, et elle consiste de l'inversion de l'équation pour la diffusivité de Matano (1933) et de Bruce et Klute (1952). Quelques unes de ces solutions peuvent être utiles dans l'étude du mouvement de fluides en milieux poreux.
    Notes: Abstract The existence is pointed out of a class of exact solutions for desorption which can be obtained by means of a simple inversion method. This method is related to that proposed by Philip (1960) for sorption and redistribution and it consists of the inversion of the diffusivity equation of Matano (1933) and Bruce and Klute (1952). Some of the exact solutions can be useful in the study of problems encountered in flow in porous media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955702
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