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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the coercivity of granular solid iron (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 75.60.Jp; 75.30.Gw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The iron granular solid, in which ultrafine iron particles are dispersed, has been prepared with both SiO2 and Cu matrices using the sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of these granular solid samples are investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The magnetic properties are measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer with 20 kOe maximum applied field. It is found that the coercivity decreases very slightly with temperature from 80 to 300 K for these Fe–SiO2 and Fe–Cu granular solid samples with different average size of iron particles from 50 to 300 AÅ. The magnetic anisotropy has been obtained from the measured magnetization curves for these granular solid samples using the law of approach to saturation, and the obtained values of the effective magnetic anisotropy are all more than 106 erg/cm3, which are larger than the value of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy for bulk iron. The coercivity vs temperature for these granular solid samples has been calculated using the Kneller and Luborsky theory, in which the magnetic anisotropy values obtained from the law of approach to saturation are used. The trends of the calculated coercivity as a function of temperature are in reasonable agreement with the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biphasic photocurrent of a photocell containing retinal Langmuir-Blodgett film
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosensors and Bioelectronics 9 (1994), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0956-5663
    Keywords: 9-cis-retinal ; Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film ; protonated schiff base
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0956-5663(94)80106-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdiffusion of multilayer ferroelectric thin films using YBa2Cu3O7−x as an intermediate layer (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7621-7626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interdiffusion between layers in multilayer ferroelectric thin films was studied from their elemental depth profiles using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Among the films deposited on YBa2Cu3O7−x/CeO2/Si substrates, the interdiffusion is most pronounced for [Sr0.5Ba0.5]Nb2O6 (SBN) films, less marked for Pb0.97La0.03(Zr1−xTix)0.9925O3 (PLZT, x=0.54 or 0.34) films, and is least significant for BaTiO3 films. Higher substrate temperature used for growing SBN films is believed to be the main cause of interdiffusion. The larger proportion of cationic vacancies existing in PLZT films is another possible source inducing interdiffusion. Using YBa2Cu3O7−x/SrTiO3 as substrates substantially reduces the interdiffusion between layers. This is ascribed to the better crystallinity of the YBa2Cu3O7−x layers deposited on SrTiO3 substrates. These results indicate that both the characteristics of ferroelectric films and the underlying YBa2Cu3O7−x layers substantially modify the interdiffusion behavior between the layers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362340
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth behavior of Pb0.95La0.05(Zr0.7Ti0.3)0.9875O3 films on silicon substrates synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5335-5340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The highly (110) textured Pb0.95La0.05(Zr0.7Ti0.3)0.9875O3 (PLZT) films have been successfully grown on SrTiO3(STO)-buffered silicon substrates. The films, deposited by pulsed laser deposition process, are assumed to form via a two-step process, i.e., cluster adherence and phase transformation. The beneficial effect of using STO as buffer layers involves enhancing the kinetics of phase transformation from amorphous phase to perovskite. The loss of Pb species from the films is thereby suppressed. The optimum dielectric constants obtained are around εr=490 for PLZT/STO/Si films deposited at 550 °C (1 mbar oxygen pressure, PO2) and post-annealed at 550 °C (1 atm PO2). The corresponding charge storage density is around Qc(approximately-equal-to)1.5 μC/cm2 at 50 kV/cm applied field strength. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359289
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the Mn and Co volume-doped acicular γ-Fe2O3 particles (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5845-5848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mn- and Co-doped acicular γ-Fe2O3 particles with a coercivity of 923 Oe and Co content of 3.5 wt % have been prepared by a special process. This involves high-temperature ion diffusion, then step annealing. These particles exhibit a high magnetic thermal stability and low-temperature coefficient of coercivity. The latter demonstrates a striking contrast to the ordinary cobalt-body-doped γ-Fe2O3 particles. The induced uniaxial anisotropy constant Ku and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K1 of the particles were determined by torque measurements. The novel properties of these particles are mainly due to the high uniaxial anisotropy, resulting from the anisotropic arrangements of cobalt ions. With the above characteristics and low Co content, these acicular particles can be one of the promising candidates for particulate high-density magnetic recording materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of size and magnetocrystalline anisotropy on spin canting anomaly in fine ferrimagnetic particles : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6591-6593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fine equiaxed γ-CoxFe2−xO3 (x=0, 0.06) particles with a diameter ranging from 200 to 1000 A(ring) were prepared by chemical precipitation. The average crystallite sizes were determined from x-ray line broadening measurements. The saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the particles were determined by using the approach to saturation. An empirical linear dependence of the specific saturation magnetization σs on the specific surface area Sa of the fine crystallites was obtained in the form of σs(S)=σs(∞)(1−ASa). The slope A which reflects the surface spin canting anomaly is different for γ-Fe2O3 and γ-Co0.06Fe1.94O3 particles. Under the supposition of the fine crystallite consisting of two parts, i.e., the surface layer, whose magnetic moment cannot be turned entirely along the direction of the applied field, but makes an average canting angle with the field, and the inner part, whose magnetic moment can be aligned along the direction of the applied field, the above formula can be interpreted well. The different slope A for γ-Fe2O3 and γ-Co0.06Fe1.94O3 particles may be caused by the different anisotropies of the two series particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the permanent magnet overhang on the performance of the brushless dc motor : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6362-6364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Axial overhang of the permanent magnets has been used to enhance the performance of radial flux brushless dc motors, but its precise contribution to performance is not well known. This article aims at the investigation of the overhang effects by finite element and lumped parameter modeling. An empirical formula which allows two-dimensional analysis to account for overhang effects is proposed. A three-dimensional equivalent magnetic circuit model is developed and its ability to accurately predict overhang effects is assessed. Results of finite element and lumped parameter models are compared and a design methodology is forwarded. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367809
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid/kinetic hybrid moment description of plasmas via a Chapman–Enskog-like approach (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1139-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combined fluid and kinetic description of magnetically confined plasmas is developed via a Chapman–Enskog-like procedure. This approach uses the density, energy, momentum, and heat flow conservation equations, and the kinetic equation to recast the plasma kinetic equation with a full Fokker–Planck collision operator into an equation for F, the departure of the distribution function from a "dynamic'' Maxwellian. A density, momentum, and energy conserving collision operator model is adopted in deriving the final form of the recast kinetic equation. Both general and drift-kinetic forms of the kinetic equation for F are presented. Closure of the fluid moment equations through calculation of the anisotropic stress tensor Π and anisotropic heat stress tensor aitch-theta using the kinetic solution for F is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860122
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poloidal variation of viscous forces in the banana collisionality regime (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 3207-3216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The poloidal variation of the parallel viscous and heat viscous forces are determined for the first time using a rigorous Chapman–Enskog-like approach that has been developed recently. It is shown that the poloidal variation is, like the poloidal distribution of the trapped particles, concentrated on the outer edge (large major radius side) of the tokamak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860965
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-temperature-gradient-driven modes in neoclassical regime (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1179-1187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A reduced set of neoclassical fluid equations, consisting of the parallel ion flow velocity v(parallel), the generalized potential F, the ion pressure p, and the parallel ion heat flow q(parallel), is derived. The resultant equations are the extension of reduced fluid equations derived from Braginskii equations with the high collisionality to the equations relevant to a fusion plasma with low to intermediate collisionality. The linear ηi mode dynamics is reinvestigated by using the resultant model equations. The effects of the perpendicular compressibility in the ion pressure response, the parallel heat flow, and the neoclassical viscosity are analyzed both analytically and numerically. It is stressed that the closure condition of neoclassical viscosity changes the sign of energy dissipation and seriously affects the stability of ηi modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860908
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