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  • 1
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    Central synaptic inputs to identified leech neurons determined by peripheral targets (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-07
    Description: Developing Retzius (Rz) neurons in different segments of the central nervous system of the medicinal leech have different peripheral targets: Rz cells in standard segments innervate the body wall, whereas Rz cells in the reproductive segments innervate reproductive tissue. Early removal of reproductive tissue primordia causes reproductive Rz cells to develop morphologically like their standard segmental homologs, suggesting that Rz cells depend on peripheral targets for signals that determine their central and peripheral morphology. Furthermore, after removal of reproductive tissue, reproductive Rz cells also receive synaptic inputs normally appropriate for standard Rz cells. These results suggest that the functional identity of these neurons is specified by the target they contact during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loer, C M -- Kristan, W B Jr -- GM07313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS20746/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 7;244(4900):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2704990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Ganglia/physiology ; Leeches/growth & development/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Optical imaging of neuronal populations during decision-making (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: We investigated decision-making in the leech nervous system by stimulating identical sensory inputs that sometimes elicit crawling and other times swimming. Neuronal populations were monitored with voltage-sensitive dyes after each stimulus. By quantifying the discrimination time of each neuron, we found single neurons that discriminate before the two behaviors are evident. We used principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to find populations of neurons that discriminated earlier than any single neuron. The analysis highlighted the neuron cell 208. Hyperpolarizing cell 208 during a stimulus biases the leech to swim; depolarizing it biases the leech to crawl or to delay swimming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggman, K L -- Abarbanel, H D I -- Kristan, W B Jr -- MH43396/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS40110/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):896-901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Central Nervous System/cytology/physiology ; Coloring Agents ; Decision Making ; Discriminant Analysis ; Electric Stimulation ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Leeches/cytology/*physiology ; Locomotion ; Membrane Potentials ; Microelectrodes ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Swimming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Neuronal generation of the leech swimming movement (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: The swimming movement of the leech is produced by an ensemble of bilaterally symmetric, rhythmically active pairs of motor neurons present in each segmental ganglion of the ventral nerve cord. These motor neurons innervate the longitudinal muscles in dorsal or ventral sectors of the segmental body wall. Their duty cycles are phase-locked in a manner such that the dorsal and ventral body wall sectors of any given segment undergo an antiphasic contractile rhythm and that the contractile rhythms of different segments form a rostrocaudal phase progression. This activity rhythm is imposed on the motor neurons by a central swim oscillator, of which four bilaterally symmetric pairs of interneurons present in each segmental ganglion appear to constitute the major component. These interneurons are linked intra- and intersegmentally via inhibitory connections to form a segmentally iterated and inter-segmentally concatenated cyclic neuronal network. The network appears to owe its oscillatory activity pattern to the mechanism of recurrent cyclic inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stent, G S -- Kristan, W B Jr -- Friesen, W O -- Ort, C A -- Poon, M -- Calabrese, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1348-57.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Feedback ; Interneurons/physiology ; Leeches/*physiology ; *Locomotion ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscles/physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Periodicity ; Proprioception ; Reflex/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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