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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: By comparing positions on a spectral color-color diagram from 10 black hole candidates (BHCS) observed with Ginga (1354-64, 1826-24, 1630-47, LMC X-1, LMC X-3, GS 2000+25, GS 2023+33, GS 1124-68, Cyg X-1, and GX 339-4) with the observed broadband noise (BBN) (0.001-64 Hz) and quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) variability, we find that the "very high state" is spectrally intermediate to the soft/high state and hard/low state. We find a transition point in spectral hardness where the dependence of the BHC QPO centroid frequency (of GS 1124-68 and GX 339-4) on spectral hardness switches from a correlation to an anticorrelation; where the BBN variability switches from high state to low state; and where the spectral hardness of the QPO relative to that of the BBN variability is a maximum. This coincidence of changing behavior in both the QPO and the broadband variability leads us to hypothesize that the QPO is due to interaction between the physical components which dominate the behaviors of BHCs when they occupy the hard/low and soft/high states. We conclude that these QPOs should be observed from BHCs during transition between these two states. Comparison with QPO and BBN behavior observed during the 1996 transition of Cyg X-1 supports this hypothesis. We also report 1-3 Hz QPOs observed in GS 2000+25 and Cyg X-1 in the hard/low state, and we compare these to the QPOs observed in GS 1124-68 and GX 339-4.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; Volume 124; 265-283
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We present X-ray imaging, timing, and phase resolved spectroscopy of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U 0142+61 using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum is well described by a power law plus blackbody model with Gamma = 3.35(2), kT=0.458(3) keV, and N-H = 0.91(2) x 10(exp 22)/sq cm); we find no significant evidence for spectral features (0.5 - 7.0 keV). Time resolved X-ray spectroscopy shows evidence for evolution in phase in either Gamma, or kT or some combination thereof as a function of pulse phase. We derive a precise X-ray position for the source and determine its spin period, P=8.68866(30) s. We have detected emission beyond 4 arcsec from the central source and extending beyond 100 arcsec, likely due to dust scattering in the interstellar medium.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: There exists a group of persistently faint galactic X-ray sources that, based on their location in the galaxy, high L(sub X)/L(sub opt), association with X-ray bursts, and absence of low frequency X-ray pulsations, are thought to be low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We present results from Chandra observations for 8 of these systems: 4U 1708-408, 2S 1711-339, KS 1739-304, SLX 1735-269, GRS 1736-297, SLX 1746-331, 1E 1746.7-3224, and 4U 1812-12. Locations for all sources, excluding GRS 1736-297, SLX 1746-331, and KS 1739-304 (which were not detected) were improved to 0.6 sec error circles (90% confidence). Our observations support earlier findings of transient behavior of GRS 1736-297, KS 1739-304, SLX 1746-331, and 2S 1711-339 (which we detect in one of two observations). Energy spectra for 4U 1708-408,2S 1711-339, SLX 1735-269, 1E 1746.7-3224, and 4U 1812-12 are hard, with power law indices typically 1.4-2.1, which are consistent with typical faint LMXB spectra.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We present X-ray imaging, timing, and phase resolved spectroscopy of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+58.6 using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Time resolved X-ray spectra show no significant variation as a function of pulsar spin phase. The phase averaged spectrum is well described by a powerlaw plus blackbody model; we find no evidence for spectral features. We derive a spin period. We have detected a halo beyond the central source, possibly due to dust scattering in the ISM (interstellar matter).
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We have monitored the pulse frequencies of the two soft gamma repeaters SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 through the beginning of year 2001 using primarily Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array observations. In both sources, we observe large changes in the spin-down torque up to a factor of approximately 4, which persist for several months. Using long baseline phase-connected timing solutions as well as the overall frequency histories, we construct torque noise power spectra for each SGR. The power spectrum of each source is very red (power-law slope approximately -3.5). These power spectra are consistent in normalization with some accreting systems, yet much steeper in slope than any known accreting source. To the best of our knowledge, torque noise power spectra with a comparably steep frequency dependence have only been seen in young, glitching radio pulsars (e.g. Vela). The observed changes in spin-down rate do not correlate with burst activity, therefore, the physical mechanisms behind each phenomenon are also likely unrelated. Within the context of the magnetar model, seismic activity cannot account for both the bursts and the long-term torque changes unless the seismically active regions are decoupled from one another.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: We report the detection of high-frequency variability in the black hole X-ray transient XTE 51650-500. A quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) was found at 250 Hz during a transition from the hard to the soft state. We also detected less coherent variability around 50 Hz that disappeared when the 250 Hz QPO showed up. There are indications that when the energy spectrum hardened the QPO frequency increased from approx. 110 to approx. 270 Hz, although the observed frequencies are also consistent with being 1 : 2 : 3 harmonics of each other. Interpreting the 250 Hz as the orbital frequency at the innermost stable orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole leads to a mass estimate of 8.2 solar mass. The spectral results by Miller et al., which suggest considerable black hole spin, would imply a higher mass.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 586; 1262-1267
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A group of persistently faint Galactic X-ray sources exist that, based on their location in the Galaxy, high L(sub X)/L(sub opt), association with X-ray bursts, and absence of low-frequency X-ray pulsations, are thought to be low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We present results from Chandra observations for eight of these systems: 4U 1708-408, 2S 1711-339, KS 1739-304, SLX 1735-269, GRS 1736-297, SLX 1746-331, 1E 1746.7-3224, and 4U 1812-12. Locations for all these sources, excluding GRS 1736-297, SLX 1746-331, and KS 1739-304 (which were not detected), were improved to 0.6 sec error circles (90% confidence). Our observations support earlier findings of transient behavior of GRS 1736-297, KS 1739-304, SLX 1746-331, and 2S 1711-339 (which we detect in one of two observations). Energy spectra for 4U 1708-408, 2S 1711-339, SLX 1735-269, 1E 1746.7-3224, and 4U 1812-12 are hard, with power-law indices typically 1.4-2.1, which is consistent with typical faint LMXB spectra.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 596; 1220-1228
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Soft gamma repeaters undergo pulse profile changes in connection with their burst activity. Here we present a comprehensive pulse profile history of SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 in three energy bands using Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer/Proportiona1 Counter Array observations performed between 1996 and 2001. Using the Fourier harmonic powers of pulse profiles, we quantify the pulse shape evolution. Moreover, we determined the rms pulsed count rates (PCRs) of each profile. We show that the pulse profiles of SGR 1806-20 remain single pulsed, showing only modest changes for most of our observing span, while those of SGR 1900+14 change remarkably in all energy bands. Highly significant pulsations from SGR 1900+ 14 following the 1998 August 27 and 2001 April 18 bursts enabled us to study not only the decay of PCRs in different energy bands but also their correlations with each other.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 577; 929-939
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We have monitored the pulse frequencies of the two soft gamma repeaters SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 through the beginning of year 2001 using primarily Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array observations. In both sources, we observe large changes in the spin-down torque up to a factor of approximately 4, which persist for several months. Using long-baseline phase-connected timing solutions as well as the overall frequency histories, we construct torque noise power spectra for each SGR (Soft Gamma Repeater). The power spectrum of each source is very red (power-law slope is approximately -3.5). The torque noise power levels are consistent with some accreting systems on timescales of approximately 1 yr, yet the full power spectrum is much steeper in frequency than any known accreting source. To the best of our knowledge, torque noise power spectra with a comparably steep frequency dependence have been seen only in young, glitching radio pulsars (e.g., Vela). The observed changes in spin-down rate do not correlate with burst activity; therefore, the physical mechanisms behind each phenomenon are also likely unrelated. Within the context of the magnetar model, seismic activity can not account for both the bursts and the long-term torque changes unless the seismically active regions are decoupled from one another.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 576; 381-390
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present the long-term X-ray light curves and detailed spectral and timing analyses of XTE J1908+094 using the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array observations covering two outbursts in 2002 and early 2003. At the onset of the first outburst, the source was found in a spectrally low/hard state lasting for approx.40 days, followed by a 3 day long transition to the high/soft state. The source flux (in 2- 10 keV) reached approx.100 mcrab on 2002 April 6, then decayed rapidly. In power spectra, we detect strong band-limited noise and varying low- frequency quasi-periodic oscillations that evolved from approx.0.5 to approx.5 Hz during the initial low/hard state of the source. We find that the second outburst closely resembled the spectral evolution of the first. The X-ray transient s overall outburst characteristics led us to classify XTE J1908+094 as a black hole candidate. Here we also derive precise X-ray position of the source using Chandra observations that were performed during the decay phase of the first outburst and following the second outburst.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 609; 977-987
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