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1

Electronic Resource

Individual Locus Effects on Dormancy during Seed Development and After Ripening in Barley (1999)

Romagosa, Ignacio ; Han, Feng ; Clancy, Janet A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 74-79

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Hordeum vulgare L.) has been studied recently by means of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Four QTL, designated SD1 to SD4, were found associated with about 75% of the phenotypic variations for dormancy in 'Steptoe'/'Morex' crosses. The objective of this study was to investigate the individual effects of seed dormancy (SD) QTL and the nature of their epistatic interactions on dormancy during seed development and after ripening. Six F1-derived doubled haploid lines from Steptoe/Morex crosses, selected on the basis of the flanking marker alleles for the four SD QTL, and the two parents were grown under greenhouse conditions. The same lines and four additional doubled haploid lines from the same cross were also grown in a field experiment. Genotypic dependence of onset, maintenance, and release of dormancy was studied. To assess dormancy, germination tests of excised embryos from fresh and artificially dried seed were conducted during seed development. All genotypes showed a similar pattern of germination of excised embryos. Since no differences in the time of dormancy inception were found, this phenomenon does not seem to be controlled by the SD QTL. Rather, the SD QTL were involved in the release of dormancy at the end of the development process and during after ripening. The presence of the Steptoe allele at SD1 on chromosome 7 (5H) kept precocious germination to a minimum until the end of the seed development process. On the basis of the dormancy profiles at after ripening, genotypes could be classified as affecting early, intermediate, and late dormancy release. These groups were genotypically dependent. A model for allele interactions among the SD QTL was developed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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2

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Improvement of anther culture methods for doubled haploid production in barley breeding (1993)

Hou, Liming ; Ullrich, Steven E. ; Kleinhofs, Andris ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 334-338

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ISSN: 1432-203X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract There is potential to accelerate cultivar development with a doubled haploid system for breeding line production. Anther culture methodology was evaluated for U.S.A. spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding applications. Gelrite was found to be an acceptable replacement for ficoll in the induction medium to reduce costs while maintaining embryoid and plant production levels. Beneficial effects of 28 d cold pretreatment of donor spikes for anther culture were confirmed with Pacific Northwest USA barley genotypes. A 3 d mannitol solution pretreatment of fresh anthers was shown to be less effective for green plant production compared to 28 d cold pretreatment of donor spikes. Extended donor spike cold pretreatment from 28 to 42 d did not reduce anther culture productivity. Based on this research, anther culture techniques show promise for economical and convenient application in spring barley breeding.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237430

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3

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Factors affecting anther culturability of recalcitrant barley genotypes (1993)

Devaux, Pierre ; Hou, Liming ; Ullrich, Steven E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant cell reports 13 (1993), S. 32-36

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ISSN: 1432-203X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract One major problem encountered with cereal anther culture is that some genotypes are low or non-responders to the technique. The objective of this study was to improve anther culture efficiency of recalcitrant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. Reciprocal F1s between the two low responsive cultivars, Morex and Steptoe, were used. These were chosen because doubled haploids (DH) were required from these genotypes for the North American Barley Genome Mapping project. Ficoll 400 at 200 g l−1 in the induction medium significantly increased green plant production compared to four other media formations containing different gelling/viscosity modifying agents. Cold pretreatment of donor spikes of 28 vs 14 d resulted in an increase in embryoid, total plant and green plant production. Anther culture response in these experiments was little influenced by donor plant growth conditions. Indole-3-acetic acid (1 mg l−1) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (2 mg l−1) in the induction medium did not affect anther culturability or plant regeneration. Based on this research, the negative genotypic effect for doubled haploid production could be diminished, which is desirable for practical application.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232311

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4

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Immunogold localization of chymotrypsin inhibitor-2, a lysine-rich protein, in developing barley endosperm (1990)

Rasmussen, Ulla ; Munck, Lars ; Ullrich, Steven E.

Springer

Planta 180 (1990), S. 272-277

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Chymotrypsin inhibitor-2 ; Hordeum (protein bodies) ; Golgi apparatus Protein deposition

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Chymotrypsin inhibitor-2, a lysine-rich protein in the barley endosperm, has been localized at the ultrastructural level by immunocytochemistry in developing barley endosperm cells 14 days post anthesis. The protein is deposited in the protein bodies. Two morphologically distinct types of protein bodies, small spherical and large irregularly shaped, are present. Golgi-apparatus-derived vesicles whose content is labelled by chymotrypsin inhibitor-2 antibody-gold particles are observed at the Golgi complex and around the vacuoles. These observations indicate that the transport of the protein to the site of deposition is mediated by the Golgi apparatus.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194007

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Use of the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model in QTL mapping for adaptation in barley (1996)

Romagosa, Ignacio ; Ullrich, Steven E. ; Han, Feng ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 30-37

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; Quantitative trait loci ; Genotype x environment interaction ; Pattern analysis ; Molecular marker-assisted selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for genotype x environment studies. The objective of the present study was to assess its value in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. This was done through the analysis of a large two-way table of genotype-by-environment data of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain yields, where the genotypes constituted a genetic population suitable for mapping studies. Grain yield data of 150 doubled haploid lines derived from the ‘Steptoe’ x ‘Morex’ cross, and the two parental lines, were taken by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (NABGMP) at 16 environments throughout the barley production areas of the USA and Canada. Four regions of the genome were responsible for most of the differential genotypic expression across environments. They accounted for approximately 50% of the genotypic main effect and 30% of the genotype x environment interaction (GE) sums of squares. The magnitude and sign of AMMI scores for genotypes and sites facilitate inferences about specific interactions. The parallel use of classification (cluster analysis of environments) and ordination (principal component analysis of GE matrix) techniques allowed most of the variation present in the genotype x environment matrix to be summarized in just a few dimensions, specifically four QTLs showing differential adaptation to four clusters of environments. Thus, AMMI genotypic scores, when the genotypes constituted a population suitable for QTL mapping, could provide an adequate way of resolving the magnitude and nature of QTL x environment interactions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225723

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6

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Use of the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model in QTL mapping for adaptation in barley (1996)

Romagosa, I. ; Ullrich, Steven E. ; Han, Feng ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 30-37

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key wordsHordeum vulgare ; Quantitative trait loci ; Genotype×environment interaction ; Pattern analysis ; Molecular marker-assisted selection

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for genotype × environment studies. The objective of the present study was to assess its value in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. This was done through the analysis of a large two-way table of genotype-by-environment data of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain yields, where the genotypes constituted a genetic population suitable for mapping studies. Grain yield data of 150 doubled haploid lines derived from the ‘Steptoe’×‘Morex’ cross, and the two parental lines, were taken by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (NABGMP) at 16 environments throughout the barley production areas of the USA and Canada. Four regions of the genome were responsible for most of the differential genotypic expression across environments. They accounted for approximately 50% of the genotypic main effect and 30% of the genotype×environment interaction (GE) sums of squares. The magnitude and sign of AMMI scores for genotypes and sites facilitate inferences about specific interactions. The parallel use of classification (cluster analysis of environments) and ordination (principal component analysis of GE matrix) techniques allowed most of the variation present in the genotype×environment matrix to be summarized in just a few dimensions, specifically four QTLs showing differential adaptation to four clusters of environments. Thus, AMMI genotypic scores, when the genotypes constituted a population suitable for QTL mapping, could provide an adequate way of resolving the magnitude and nature of QTL×environment interactions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050243

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7

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Verification of yield QTL through realized molecular marker- assisted selection responses in a barley cross (1999)

Romagosa, Ignacio ; Han, Feng ; Ullrich, Steven E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Molecular breeding 5 (1999), S. 143-152

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ISSN: 1572-9788

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; molecular marker-assisted selection ; quantitative trait loci ; genotype × environment interaction ; adaptation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Verification of putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) is an essential step towards implementing the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cultivar improvement. In a previous study with 150 doubled haploid lines derived from the 6-row cross Steptoe/Morex (S/M), four regions (QTL1–4) of the barley genome were associated with differential genotypic expression for grain yield across environments. The objectives of this study were to verify the value of these four QTL for selection and to compare the efficiency of alternative MAS strategies using these QTL vs. conventional phenotypic selection for grain yield. A total of 92 DHLs derived from the S/M cross that were not used in the original mapping efforts were used for QTL verification. Confirmation of QTL effects was first accomplished by assessing yield differences between individuals carrying alternative alleles at each putative locus in three environments. QTL1 on chromosome 3 was confirmed as the most important and consistent locus to determine yield across sites, with the S allele being favorable. The M allele at QTL3 on chromosome 6 was beneficial for grain yield across sites, but to a lesser degree than QTL1. Magnitudes of allele effects at QTL2 (chromosome 2) and QTL4 (chromosome 7) were highly influenced by the environment where the genotypes were grown. Verification of QTL effects was best achieved by comparing realized selection response. Genotypic (MAS) and tandem genotypic and phenotypic selection were at least as good as phenotypic selection. Consistent selection responses were detected for QTL1 alone and together with QTL3. Genotypic selection for lines carrying the S allele at QTL1 resulted in the identification of high-yielding genotypes. Selection responses increased when the M allele at QTL3 was combined with the S allele at QTL1. Significant qualitative QTL × environment interactions for QTL2 and QTL4 were detected through differential realized selection responses at different sites. Without a thorough understanding of the physiological and agronomic particulars of any QTL and the target environment, MAS for QTL showing qualitative interactions should be minimized

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009684108922

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8

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Marker-assisted analysis of three grain yield QTL in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using near isogenic lines (2000)

Kandemir, Nejdet ; Jones, Berne L. ; Wesenberg, Darrell M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 157-167

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ISSN: 1572-9788

Keywords: lodging ; marker assisted selection ; near isogenic lines ; plant height ; QTL

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Three previously identified grain yield quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2S(2HS), 3C(3HC) and 5L(1HL), designated QTL-2S, QTL-3 and QTL-5L, respectively, were evaluated for their potential to increase yields of high-quality malting barley without disturbing their favorable malting quality profile. QTL mapping of yield related traits was performed and near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. QTL for plant height, head shattering, seed weight and number of rachis nodes/spike were detected in the QTL-3 region. NILs developed by introgressing QTL-3 from the high-yielding cv. Steptoe to the superior malting quality, moderate-yielding cv. Morex acquired reduced height, lodging and head shattering features of Steptoe without major changes in malting quality. The yield of NILs, measured by minimizing the losses due to lodging and head shattering, did not exceed that of Morex. Steptoe NILs, with the Morex QTL-2S region, flowered 10 days later than Steptoe but the grain yield was not changed. None of the 3 QTL studied altered the measured yield of the recipient genotype, per se, although QTL 2S and QTL-3 affected yield-related traits. We conclude that these yield QTL must interact with other genes for full expression. Alternatively, they affect the harvestable yield through reduced lodging, head shattering, and/or altered flowering time.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009602514106

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