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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: Sulfur metabolism, growth, and protein synthesis of Pseudomonas halodurans and Alteromonas luteo-violaceus during sulfate limitation (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulfate metabolism ; Protein synthesis ; Marine bacteria ; Pseudomonas halodurans ; Alteromonas luteo-violaceus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfate concentration in the growth medium exerted a strong influence on the sulfur content of protein in two marine bacteria, Pseudomonas halodurans and Alteromonasluteo-violaceus, but the distribution of sulfur in major biochemical fractions was not affected. 90% of the total cellular sulfur was contained in low molecular weight organic compounds and protein; inorganic sulfate was not an important component. The sulfur content of isolated protein and total cellular sulfur increased in proportion to the external sulfate concentration for both bacteria, reaching a maximum at about 100–250 μM. The growth rate of P. halodurans only was dependent on the sulfate concentration. Sulfur starvation of cells labeled to equilibrium with 35S-sulfate resulted in a rapid decrease in low molecular weight organic S with a concommitant increase in alcohol soluble (P. halodurans) or residue protein (A. luteo-violaceus). Although cell division was prevented, total protein increased in both bacteria, resulting in synthesis of sulfur-deficient protein. This effect was most pronounced in P. halodurans. Addition of 35S-sulfate to sulfur-starved A. luteo-violaceus further demonstrated that sulfur metabolism was restricted primarily to the synthesis and utilization of sulfurcontaining protein precursors. The low molecular weight organic S pool was replenished rapidly, and the pool size per cell reached twice the normal value before cell division resumed. Incorporation into protein was very rapid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00527063
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: Sulfur metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth of Pseudomonas halodurans and Alteromonas luteo-violaceus during unperturbed batch growth (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 8-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Marine bacteria ; Sulfur metabolism ; Protein synthesis ; Pseudomonas halodurans ; Alteromonas luteoviolaceus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the distribution of 35S-sulfate and 14C-glutamate in major biochemical components of the two marine bacteria, Pseudomonas halodurans and Alteromonas luteo-violaceus, was compared with cell density and total cellular protein during exponential growth in batch culture. For both organisms, the sulfur distribution was restricted principally to the low molecular weight organic and protein fractions, which together accounted for over 90% of the total sulfur. Carbon was more widely distributed, with these two fractions containing only 70% of the total label. Growth rate constants calculated from increases in cell numbers, protein, and 35S and 14C in the various fractions indicated nearly balanced growth in A. luteo-violaceus, with constants derived from all biosynthetic parameters agreeing within 5% during the exponential phase. In contrast, protein synthesis and 35S incorporation into residue protein constants were 30% higher than constants derived from cell counts and incorporation of 14C in P. halodurans. Therefore the cellular protein content P. halodurans varied over a two-fold range, with maximum protein per cell in the late exponential phase. A distinct reduction in the rate constants for total protein and 35S incorporation into residue protein foreshadowed entry into the stationary phase more than one generation before other parameters. Incorporation of 35S-sulfate into residue protein paralleled protein synthesis in both bacteria. The weight percent S in protein agreed well with the composition of an “average protein” derived from the literature. Sulfur incorporation into protein may be a useful measurement of marine bacterial protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00527064
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Controlled Field Test of Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The presence of dense nonaqueous phase liquids is one of the principal problems associated with current ground-water remediation efforts. Standard pump-and-treat methods are ineffective largely because of the low aqueous solubilities of DNAPL components. Surfactants can increase DNAPL solubility and hence have the potential for increasing the rate of DNAPL dissolution in pump-and-treat systems. To test the effectiveness of surfactants under field conditions, a controlled field test at Canadian Forces Base Borden was undertaken. Results indicate surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation can rapidly remove the majority of DNAPL using simple modifications of a pump-and-treat system. As in all pump-and-treat systems, the efficiency is a function of the hydraulic conductivity. The persistence of high DNAPL concentrations at specific elevations within the aquifer throughout the test indicates that little vertical movement of DNAPL occurred as a result of the introduction of the surfactant. Since the test was stopped when small amounts of DNAPL still remained, the limit of removal was not investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02085.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment mismatches must be sorted out: they leave species at risk (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 541-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Although Rodríguez et al. are correct that nationally endemic taxa should be classified identically on national and global Red Lists, they provide no evidence to support their inferences that national Red Lists “are more accurate” than global Red ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35007238
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new high pressure sapphire nuclear magnetic resonance cell (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new version of a single-crystal sapphire high pressure nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) cell is described that is capable of controlling the sample pressure independent of the temperature. A movable piston inside the cell adjusts and controls the sample pressure from ambient conditions to 200 atm within ±0.3 atm. The linewidth at half-height for a 13C spectrum of carbon dioxide at 15 °C and 57.8 atm is found to be 0.5 Hz. The carbon dioxide gas/liquid phase transition is clearly observed by measuring 13C chemical shifts as the sample pressure approaches equilibrium. The time required for this NMR cell to reach equilibrium with its surroundings is relatively short, usually 15–30 min. The cell body has the same outer dimensions of a standard spinning turbine and fits into a standard 10 mm commercial probehead capable of controlling the sample temperature using the spectrometer's variable temperature unit. The flexibility of the device and the increased speed in making the measurement is demonstrated. Such control of important thermodynamic variables facilitates the NMR study of important biochemical and chemical reactions in gas, liquid, and supercritical fluid environments. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146578
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A METHOD FOR KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF MOTIONS OF THE SHOULDER, ARM, AND HAND COMPLEX (1951)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 51 (1951), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1951.tb27350.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An alternative assessment to higher education outcomes: Differentiating by institutional type (1998)
    Springer
    Higher education 36 (1998), S. 301-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-174X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we propose higher education, and community colleges in particular, be evaluated not solely on their functional merits, but on their value in promoting, what Dewey (1966) called an “active citizenry.” Rather than considering only how well higher education meets the needs of democratic capitalism, we investigate alternative methods of assessing the contribution of higher education to the development of active citizens. In this exploration we consider how higher education preparation differs based on an individual's gender, race, class, academic program and the postsecondary institution attended. We explore alternative concepts of assessment in higher education not as proof we have discovered the method for assessing outcomes of higher education, but, rather, as an alternative approach to understanding the potential outcomes of higher education at its different institutional levels. Of special significance for our study is the finding that although students who attend a community college, for example, may not be as successful economically as university students, attendance at a community college is associated with an increased sense of self-empowerment. When we consider community colleges have a higher proportion of students who are typically marginalized by postsecondary institutions, the community college does appear to offer opportunities for students that are not measured only in economic terms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003279515310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discharge-flow/chemiluminescence and flash-photolysis/resonance fluorescence studies of the reaction O + SiH4 at room temperature (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 25 (1993), S. 183-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: DF-CL studies using NO2 chemiluminescence detection of O yielded a rate constant k1 for O + SiH4 of (2.6 ± 0.5)×10-13 cm3 s-1 at 295 K, where the 95% confidence interval reflects accuracy. FP-RF studies using flash photolysis of SO2 followed by time-resolved vuv fluorescence detection of O at 295 K yielded k1 = (3.0 ± 0.5) ×10-13 cm3 s-1. These results are in good accord with most previous measurements and lead to a combined best estimate of k1 = (3.2 ± 0.4) × 10-13 cm3 s-1. The DF-CL and FP-RF methods appear to have little unrecognized systematic error. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550250306
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  • 9
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    Understanding the role of the Biological Pump in the Global Carbon Cycle: An imperative for Ocean Science. (2014)
    Oceanography Society
    In:  EPIC3Oceanography, Oceanography Society, 27(3), pp. 10-16, ISSN: 1042-8275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: Anthropogenically driven climate change will rapidly become Earth's dominant transformative influence in the coming decades. The oceanic biological pump—the complex suite of processes that results in the transfer of particulate and dissolved organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean—constitutes the main mechanism for removing CO2 from the atmosphere and sequestering carbon at depth on submillennium time scales. Variations in the efficacy of the biological pump and the strength of the deep ocean carbon sink, which is larger than all other bioactive carbon reservoirs, regulate Earth's climate and have been implicated in past glacial-​interglacial cycles. The numerous biological, chemical, and physical processes involved in the biological pump are inextricably linked and heterogeneous over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and they influence virtually the entire ocean ecosystem. Thus, the functioning of the oceanic biological pump is not only relevant to the modulation of Earth's climate but also constitutes the basis for marine biodiversity and key food resources that support the human population. Our understanding of the biological pump is far from complete. Moreover, how the biological pump and the deep ocean carbon sink will respond to the rapid and ongoing anthropogenic changes to our planet—including warming, acidification, and deoxygenation of ocean waters—remains highly uncertain. To understand and quantify present-day and future changes in biological pump processes requires sustained global observations coupled with extensive modeling studies supported by international scientific coordination and funding
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Biological CO oxidation in the Sargasso Sea and in Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of American Society of Limnology and Oceanography for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Limnology and Oceanography 50 (2005): 1205-1212.
    Description: In situ dissolved carbon monoxide (CO) in oligotrophic waters follows a diel cycle varying from 0.3 to 0.5 nmol L-1 before dawn to 2.5 to 3 nmol L-1 in early afternoon, when photo-production of CO exceeds biological CO oxidation and other sinks. Coastal waters may contain up to 15 nmol L-1 [CO] in the daytime. Assays to measure the rate of CO bio-oxidation typically involve the addition of labeled CO to sealed samples, resulting in CO concentrations that are above ambient levels during incubation (up to 9 nmol L-1 CO). We find that biological oxidation of CO obeys first-order kinetics when incubated with up to 4 nmol L-1 [CO] in coastal water samples and up to between 4 and 10.8 nmol L-1 in oligotrophic waters. At higher [CO], kinetic behavior transitions to zero-order or saturation kinetics. CO–oxidation rate coefficients obtained in dark incubations were not representative of the entire diurnal period, as others have assumed. Biological CO–oxidation rate coefficients kco measured in dark incubations of Sargasso Sea surface water in summer were 0.020 ± 0.002 h-1 (mean ± standard deviation) and an order of magnitude greater than those measured in situ during daylight hours (0.002 ± 0.001 h-1). Dark and in situ rate coefficients in early spring were 0.006 ± 0.004 h-1 and 0.003 ± 0.001 h-1, respectively. In dark incubations of Vineyard Sound water, kco was 0.127 ± 0.038 h-1. The apparent half-saturation constant Kapp for CO ranged from 2.04 to 5.44 nmol L-1 CO in both environments.
    Description: This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE-98-11208 and OCE-01-36876, and the Reinhard Coastal Research Center and Coastal Ocean Institute grant BI-10918.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: 168025 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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