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  • 1
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    Increased cytoplasmic TARDBP mRNA in affected spinal motor neurons in ALS caused by abnormal autoregulation of TDP-43 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-09
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder. In motor neurons of ALS, TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), a nuclear protein encoded by TARDBP , is absent from the nucleus and forms cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 auto-regulates the amount by regulating the TARDBP mRNA, which has three polyadenylation signals (PASs) and three additional alternative introns within the last exon. However, it is still unclear how the autoregulatory mechanism works and how the status of autoregulation in ALS motor neurons without nuclear TDP-43 is. Here we show that TDP-43 inhibits the selection of the most proximal PAS and induces splicing of multiple alternative introns in TARDBP mRNA to decrease the amount of cytoplasmic TARDBP mRNA by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. When TDP-43 is depleted, the TARDBP mRNA uses the most proximal PAS and is increased in the cytoplasm. Finally, we have demonstrated that in ALS motor neurons—especially neurons with mislocalized TDP-43—the amount of TARDBP mRNA is increased in the cytoplasm. Our observations indicate that nuclear TDP-43 contributes to the autoregulation and suggests that the absence of nuclear TDP-43 induces an abnormal autoregulation and increases the amount of TARDBP mRNA. The vicious cycle might accelerate the disease progression of ALS.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Therapeutic approach by inhibition of SMG-8 [Medical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an mRNA surveillance mechanism that eliminates aberrant mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs). NMD inhibits the production of aberrant proteins that still retain, at least in part, wild-type function as well as dominant-negative peptides. Therefore, the selective inhibition of NMD has the potential to ameliorate...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Controlling traffic jams by time modulating the safety distance (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-10
    Description: Author(s): Yu. B. Gaididei, C. Gorria, R. Berkemer, A. Kawamoto, T. Shiga, P. L. Christiansen, M. P. Sørensen, and J. Starke The possibility of controlling traffic dynamics by applying high-frequency time modulation of traffic flow parameters is studied. It is shown that the region of the car density where the uniform (free) flow is unstable changes in the presence of time modulation compared with the unmodulated case. Th... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 042803] Published Wed Oct 09, 2013
    Keywords: Networks and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Crystal structure of the human centromeric nucleosome containing CENP-A (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-12
    Description: In eukaryotes, accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis is coordinated by kinetochores, which are unique chromosomal sites for microtubule attachment. Centromeres specify the kinetochore formation sites on individual chromosomes, and are epigenetically marked by the assembly of nucleosomes containing the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A. Although the underlying mechanism is unclear, centromere inheritance is probably dictated by the architecture of the centromeric nucleosome. Here we report the crystal structure of the human centromeric nucleosome containing CENP-A and its cognate alpha-satellite DNA derivative (147 base pairs). In the human CENP-A nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around the histone octamer, consisting of two each of histones H2A, H2B, H4 and CENP-A, in a left-handed orientation. However, unlike the canonical H3 nucleosome, only the central 121 base pairs of the DNA are visible. The thirteen base pairs from both ends of the DNA are invisible in the crystal structure, and the alphaN helix of CENP-A is shorter than that of H3, which is known to be important for the orientation of the DNA ends in the canonical H3 nucleosome. A structural comparison of the CENP-A and H3 nucleosomes revealed that CENP-A contains two extra amino acid residues (Arg 80 and Gly 81) in the loop 1 region, which is completely exposed to the solvent. Mutations of the CENP-A loop 1 residues reduced CENP-A retention at the centromeres in human cells. Therefore, the CENP-A loop 1 may function in stabilizing the centromeric chromatin containing CENP-A, possibly by providing a binding site for trans-acting factors. The structure provides the first atomic-resolution picture of the centromere-specific nucleosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tachiwana, Hiroaki -- Kagawa, Wataru -- Shiga, Tatsuya -- Osakabe, Akihisa -- Miya, Yuta -- Saito, Kengo -- Hayashi-Takanaka, Yoko -- Oda, Takashi -- Sato, Mamoru -- Park, Sam-Yong -- Kimura, Hiroshi -- Kurumizaka, Hitoshi -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 10;476(7359):232-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21743476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Autoantigens/*chemistry/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the Triplet State of Proteins by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy* (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 5 (1966), S. 1877-1885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00870a014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of age on diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in hypertensive subjects (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chronopharmacology ; Propranolol ; absorption ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is diurnal variation in the absorption rate of propranolol in younger subjects. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of age on the chronopharmacokinetics of propranolol. We gave 20 mg of propranolol orally to 13 younger and 11 older hypertensive subjects at 09.00 h (day study) or 21.00 h (night study) in a cross-over design. Plasma concentrations of propranolol and its metabolites, 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid, were determined just before and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after dosage. In the younger subjects the absorption rate constant (ka) of propranolol and its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher and the time to maximum concentration (tmax) was significantly shorter in the day than at night. There were similar time-variant changes in Cmax and tmax for 4-hydroxypropranolol and naphthoxylactic acid. In contrast, there were no time-variant changes in ka, Cmax and tmax of propranolol and its metabolites in the older subjects. These results suggest that propranolol is absorbed more rapidly after morning dosing than after night-time dosing in younger but not in older subjects. Based on these findings, we speculate that the time-variance in the absorption rate or first-pass elimination, or both, of propranolol diminish with age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315550
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronopharmacology of enalapril in hypertensive patients (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chronopharmacology ; Enalapril ; Hypertension ; bradykinin ; cough
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, are reported to vary with the time of administration. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the effect of enalapril on plasma bradykinin (BK), substance P and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are likely to be involved in the mechanism of enalaprilinduced cough, might also be affected by its time of administration. Enalapril 5 mg or placebo was given orally at 10:00 h (day trial) or 22:00 h (night trial) to 12 patients with essential hypertension. Serum concentrations of total drug (enalapril + enalaprilat, its active metabolite) during the day and night trials did not differ significantly at any time. However, serum enalaprilat tended to be higher and its maximum concentration greater in the day trial than in the night trial. Blood pressure 24 h after administration of enalapril was reduced at 22:00 h, but not at 10:00 h. Plasma BK tended to increase following enalapril administration at 10:00 h, but not at 22:00 h. Remarkable increases in plasma BK were observed in two patients in the day trial and one of them also complained of cough. However, no such increase in plasma BK or subsequent adverse effect were recorded in the night trial. Plasma substance P and PGE2 did not change significantly following enalapril administration either in the day or night trial. The results suggest that the response of BK to enalapril is affected by the time of administration. In patients who complain of cough during treatment with enalapril during the daytime, this adverse effect might be dminished or eliminated by a switch to night-time administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194332
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food intake on pharmacokinetics and effects of a new thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, S-1452 (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words S-1452 ; Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist; food ingestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of food ingestion on the pharmacokinetics of a new thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, S-1452, and the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Methods: Fifty milligrams of S-1452 was given orally to eight healthy subjects with or without food. Blood samples for determinations of plasma drug concentrations and of its effects on platelet aggregation were taken for a 12-h post-drug period. Results: The maximum plasma concentration of S-1452 was reduced by 47% and the time to maximum concentration was prolonged from 0.5 to 1.9 h after dosing with food. The inhibitory effect of S-1452 on platelet aggregations induced by U-46619, a TXA2 receptor agonist, and collagen persisted up to 9 h after dosing with and without food. The degrees of inhibition in the two trials did not differ significantly at any point. Conclusion: These results suggest that although the absorption of S-1452 is delayed and, consequently, its plasma concentration is decreased after dosing with food, the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation is not significantly influenced after 50 mg of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of an inhomogeneous magnetic field on flowing erythrocytes (1987)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 14 (1987), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: (Flowing) erythrocytes ; magnetic field effect ; paramagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Effects of an inhomogeneous magnetic field on narrow erythrocyte streams in a wide and transparent laminar buffer flow were studied. The stream line of erythrocytes containing paramagnetic hemoglobin showed distinct displacement toward the stronger magnetic field. The displacement increased in the order, oxygenated erythrocytes (no displacement), erythrocytes containing cyanomethemoglobin, deoxygenated erythrocytes, erythrocytes containing methemoglobin in the high spin state; more precisely the displacement was proportional to the square of the paramagnetic moment of hemoglobin contained in the erythrocytes. In addition, the displacement was proportional to the product of the magnetic flux density and its gradient, and approximately proportional to the hematocrit of the flowing-erythrocyte suspension, and was much larger than that calculated for a single erythrocyte. These phenomena could be successfully interpreted by the interaction of paramagnetic erythrocytes with the inhomogeneous magnetic field, the resistance force (Stokes Law) from the bulk water, and the hydrodynamic interaction between erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253838
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal clearance of lomefloxacin is decreased by furosemide (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 267-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lomefloxacin ; Furosemide ; Renal clearance ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between lomefloxacin, a new quinolone, and furosemide, a loop diuretic, has been examined. Oral lomefloxacin 200 mg and furosemide 40 mg were given together or separately to 8 healthy subjects, and blood and urine samples were obtained over the following 12 h. The plasma concentrations of lomefloxacin following coadministration with furosemide were higher than after lomefloxacin alone and its AUC was increased, and its total and renal clearances were decreased. No change in the pharmacokinetics of furosemide was found after coadministration of lomefloxacin. As quinolones and furosemide are reported to be excreted in urine by the renal tubular anion transport system, the present results suggest that the renal tubular secretion of lomefloxacin is diminished by furosemide. It is not clear whether this pharmacokinetic interaction might be clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192560
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