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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene expression by host microflora through interspecies communication (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The change in gene expression patterns in response to host environments is a prerequisite for bacterial infection. Bacterial diseases often occur as an outcome of the complex interactions between pathogens and the host. The indigenous, usually non-pathogenic microflora is a ubiquitous constituent of the host. In order to understand the interactions between pathogens and the resident microflora and how they affect the gene expression patterns of the pathogens and contribute to bacterial diseases, the interactions between pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and avirulent oropharyngeal flora (OF) strains isolated from sputum samples of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were investigated. Animal experiments using a rat lung infection model indicate that the presence of OF bacteria enhanced lung damage caused by P. aeruginosa. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis with a lux reporter-based promoter library demonstrated that ≈ 4% of genes in the genome responded to the presence of OF strains using an in vitro system. Characterization of a subset of the regulated genes indicates that they fall into seven functional classes, and large portions of the upregulated genes are genes important for P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2)-mediated quorum sensing, a proposed interspecies signalling system, accounted for some, but not all, of the gene regulation. A substantial amount of  AI-2  was  detected  directly  in  sputum  samples from CF patients and in cultures of most non-pseudomonad bacteria isolated from the sputa. Transcriptional profiling of a set of defined P. aeruginosa virulence factor promoters revealed that OF and exogenous AI-2 could upregulate overlapping subsets of these genes. These results suggest important contributions of the host microflora to P. aeruginosa infection by modulating gene expression via interspecies communications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03803.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The LuxS family of bacterial autoinducers: biosynthesis of a novel quorum-sensing signal molecule (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 41 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Many bacteria control gene expression in response to cell population density, and this phenomenon is called quorum sensing. In Gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing typically involves the production, release and detection of acylated homoserine lactone signalling molecules called autoinducers. Vibrio harveyi, a Gram-negative bioluminescent marine bacterium, regulates light production in response to two distinct autoinducers (AI-1 and AI-2). AI-1 is a homoserine lactone. The structure of AI-2 is not known. We have suggested previously that V. harveyi uses AI-1 for intraspecies communication and AI-2 for interspecies communication. Consistent with this idea, we have shown that many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria produce AI-2 and, in every case, production of AI-2 is dependent on the function encoded by the luxS gene. We show here that LuxS is the AI-2 synthase and that AI-2 is produced from S-adenosylmethionine in three enzymatic steps. The substrate for LuxS is S-ribosylhomocysteine, which is cleaved to form two products, one of which is homocysteine, and the other is AI-2. In this report, we also provide evidence that the biosynthetic pathway and biochemical intermediates in AI-2 biosynthesis are identical in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, V. harveyi, Vibrio cholerae and Enterococcus faecalis. This result suggests that, unlike quorum sensing via the family of related homoserine lactone autoinducers, AI-2 is a unique, ‘universal’ signal that could be used by a variety of bacteria for communication among and between species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02532.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic differentiation in actively swarming Salmonella (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 54 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Most current paradigms of microbial metabolism have been derived from studying cells grown under a variety of nutrient compositions in aqueous environments. With recent advances in genomics and experimental techniques, alternative forms of bacterial growth are increasingly being explored. When propagated on nutrient-rich semi-solid media, several species of bacteria undergo a morphological differentiation into swarmers that are capable of migrating on surfaces. Recent studies indicate that swarmer differentiation represents much more than a motility phenotype, as several clinically important attributes are also co-regulated. We demonstrate that migrating swarmer cells of Salmonella are metabolically differentiated compared to the vegetative swimmer cells grown in the same nutrient environment. Furthermore, once the cells have differentiated, the swarmers remain in this physiological state under conditions that do not promote the initial differentiation. The bacterium's capacity to override some of the classic paradigms of metabolic regulation established in aqueous environments represents a unique physiological response by the pathogen that may be advantageous in polymicrobial environments such as the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04295.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamic microbe: green fluorescent protein brings bacteria to light (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The demonstration that the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria required no jellyfish-specific cofactors and could be expressed as a fluorescent protein in heterologous hosts including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes sparked the development of GFP as one of the most common reporters in use today. Over the past several years, the utility of GFP as a reporter has been optimized through the isolation and engineering of variants with increased folding rates, different in vivo stabilities and colour variants with altered excitation and emission spectral properties. One of the great utilities of GFP is as a probe for characterizing spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression, protein localization and protein–protein interactions in living cells. The innovative application of GFP as a reporter in bacteria has made a significant contribution to microbial cell biology. This review will highlight recent studies that demonstrate the potential of GFP for real-time analysis of gene expression, protein localization and the dynamics of signalling transduction pathways through protein–protein interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03089.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of autoinducer production in Salmonella typhimurium (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2 secretes an organic signalling molecule that can be assayed by its ability to activate one of two specific quorum-sensing systems in Vibrio harveyi. Maximal activity is produced during mid- to late exponential phase when S. typhimurium is grown in the presence of glucose or other preferred carbohydrates. The signal is degraded by the onset of stationary phase or when the carbohydrate is depleted from the medium. Presumably, quorum sensing in S. typhimurium is operational during periods of rapid, nutrient-rich growth. Protein synthesis is required for degradation of the activity, suggesting that a complex regulatory circuitry controls signal production and detection in S. typhimurium. Increased signalling activity is observed if, after growth in the presence of glucose, S. typhimurium is transferred to a high-osmolarity (0.4 M NaCl) or to a low-pH (pH 5.0) environment. Degradation of the signal is induced by conditions of low osmolarity (0.1 M NaCl). High osmolarity and low pH are two conditions encountered by S. typhimurium cells when they undergo the transition to a pathogenic existence inside a host organism, suggesting that quorum sensing may have a role in the regulation of virulence in S. typhimurium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01199.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Just-in-time transcription program in metabolic pathways (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 486-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A primary goal of systems biology is to understand the design principles of the transcription networks that govern the timing of gene expression. Here we measured promoter activity for ∼100 genes in parallel from living cells at a resolution of minutes and accuracy of 10%, based on GFP and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1348
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of Mu DNA transposition (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 9 (1988), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The study of Mu DNA transposition in vitro has resulted in a much better understanding of the biochemical details of the transposition process. An early step in transposition is the generation of a 5th structure which is the product of the strand-tansfer reaction. The polarity of the strand transfer has been determined and substantial progress has been made on the role of the individual proteins. Moreover, the strand-transfer reaction is mediated by stable protein-DNA complexes, or transposomes, and the reaction can be divided into two sequential steps. The role of the transposomes and the requirement for a supercoiled Mu DNA substrate are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950090606
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  • 8
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    OMLeT—An Alternative Approach to Learning Metabolism: Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle as an Example (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9584
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-1328
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Education
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 9
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    Culture-enriched metagenomic sequencing enables in-depth profiling of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiota (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-20
    Electronic ISSN: 2058-5276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    A comprehensive library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters for Escherichia coli (2006)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-21
    Print ISSN: 1548-7091
    Electronic ISSN: 1548-7105
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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