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  • 1
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    Tracking air-sea exchange and upper-ocean variability in the Indonesian-Australian basin during the onset of the 2018/19 Australian summer monsoon (2021)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101(8), (2020): E1397-E1412, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0278.1.
    Description: Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) north of Australia in the Indonesian–Australian Basin are significantly influenced by Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), an eastward-moving atmospheric disturbance that traverses the globe in the tropics. The region also has large-amplitude diurnal SST variations, which may influence the air–sea heat and moisture fluxes, that provide feedback to the MJO evolution. During the 2018/19 austral summer, a field campaign aiming to better understand the influences of air–sea coupling on the MJO was conducted north of Australia in the Indonesian–Australian Basin. Surface meteorology from buoy observations and upper-ocean data from autonomous fast-profiling float observations were collected. Two MJO convective phases propagated eastward across the region in mid-December 2018 and late January 2019 and the second MJO was in conjunction with a tropical cyclone development. Observations showed that SST in the region was rather sensitive to the MJO forcing. Air–sea heat fluxes warmed the SST throughout the 2018/19 austral summer, punctuated by the MJO activities, with a 2°–3°C drop in SST during the two MJO events. Substantial diurnal SST variations during the suppressed phases of the MJOs were observed, and the near-surface thermal stratifications provided positive feedback for the peak diurnal SST amplitude, which may be a mechanism to influence the MJO evolution. Compared to traditionally vessel-based observation programs, we have relied on fast-profiling floats as the main vehicle in measuring the upper-ocean variability from diurnal to the MJO time scales, which may pave the way for using cost-effective technology in similar process studies.
    Description: MF, SW, and JH are supported by the Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research (CSHOR), which is a joint initiative between the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), CSIRO, University of New South Wales, and University of Tasmania. Y. Duan is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41706032) and Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China (2019Q03).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research on the Mechanisms of Laser Forming for the Micro-Structural Element (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 575-578 (Apr. 2008), p. 1145-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Laser forming of a micro-structural element involves a complex thermoplastic process.Numerous efforts had been made on the mechanisms of laser forming for macro-size elements, suchas temperature gradient mechanism, buckling mechanism and upsetting mechanism, etc. It is foundthat the three mechanisms cannot depict fully the process of deformation in the macro-size elementforming, let alone meet the needs of the micro-size one. Considering the laser inducing thermalstresses with size factors differing from the conventional analysis, it is essential to reveal themechanisms dominating the forming process to accurately control the bending angle of a tiny plate.By studying the thermal transfer and elastic-plastic deformation of micro-structural element laserforming, the forming mechanism is explained within the micro size. The finite element model forlaser bending is constructed for simulation. The stimulation results are agreement with theexperimental data
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/18/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.575-578.1145.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast Association Discovery in Derivative Transaction Collections (2000)
    Springer
    Knowledge and information systems 2 (2000), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0219-3116
    Keywords: Keywords: Association rule; Data mining; Itemset; Transaction collection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. Association discovery from a transaction collection is an important data-mining task. We study a new problem in this area whose solution can provide users with valuable association rules in some relevant collections: association discovery in derivative transaction collections. In this problem, we are given association rules in two transaction collections D 1 and D 2, and aim to find new association rules in derivative transaction collections D 1∖D 2, D 1∩D 2, D 2∖D 1 and D 1∪D 2. Direct application of existing algorithms can solve this problem, but in an expensive way. We propose an efficient solution through making full use of already discovered information, taking advantage of the relationships existing among relevant collections, and avoiding unnecessary but expensive support-counting operations by scanning databases. Experiments on well-known synthetic data show that our solution consistently outperforms the naive solution by factors from 2 to 3 in most cases. We also propose an efficient parallelization of our approach, as parallel algorithms are often interesting and necessary in the area of data mining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101150050008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence study of Sr+ ion-implanted GaAs (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4828-4830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature photoluminescence experiments were carried out for Sr+ ion-implanted GaAs substrates as a function of Sr concentration and excitation intensity. It was found that the Sr impurity produces four emissions denoted by (Sr°, X), "G1'', "G2'', and "H'' in the near band emission region in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy. "G1'' emission presents a red shift with increasing Sr concentration, while "G2'' does not shift. In a Sr+ ion-implanted impure GaAs substrate grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski method, all four of the above emissions were missing. Instead there appeared two other emissions, SM1 and SM2, which are considered to be related to two deep acceptor levels of Sr in GaAs. All results indicate that the Sr impurity produces both shallow and deep energy levels in GaAs and a small amount of the residual impurity will quench the emissions related to shallow energy levels. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Ca+ ion-implanted GaAs by photoluminescence (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1427-1429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical properties of Ca+ ion-implanted GaAs were characterized by photoluminescence measurements at 2 K. Four new emissions denoted by (Ca0,X), gCa, SM, and (e,Ca) were found to be produced by Ca incorporation into GaAs. By changing the Ca dopant concentration and excitation intensity, it was revealed that the (Ca0, X) emission is due to excitons bound to a neutral shallow Ca acceptor, and SM probably originates from excitons bound to a Ca impurity in a deep energy level. In addition, in an impure GaAs substrate, Ca could also form a shallow emission gCa, despite the fact that the g emission for well-known shallow acceptors such as C, Be, and Mg was usually found only in ultrapure GaAs. It was demonstrated that Ca is a shallow acceptor impurity in GaAs with a binding energy of 28.4 meV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-harmonic generation transition in NaNb3O8 solid solutions (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2334-2335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An apparent transition between active and nonactive second-harmonic generation (SHG) has been discovered in the NaNb3O8 solid solutions with the tetragonal tungsten bronze structure. No SHG was detected in 0.35Na2O:Nb2O5 solid solution crystal or its powder. Nevertheless, powder SHG with a magnitude comparable to KH2PO4 was observed when a small amount of Nb2O5 was added to the powder ground from the crystal and sintered again. Microcracks and ferroelectric domain boundaries have been observed in the crystal using transmission electron microscopy. The only difference between the lattice images of SHG active powder and non-SHG active powder is the absence of microcracks and ferroelectric domain boundaries in the SHG active powder. Dielectric constant of the 0.35Na2O:Nb2O5 crystal is about 300 and δ is 0.003 for frequency from 120 kHz to 12 MHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of phosphorus in aluminium-induced citrate and malate exudation from rape (Brassica napus) (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 120 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Exudation of organic anions is believed to be a common tolerance mechanism for both aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency. Nevertheless, which of these stresses that actually elicit the exudation of organic anions from rape (Brassica napus L) remains unknown, and the combined effects of Al toxicity and P deficiency on rape have not been reported before. Therefore, in the current study, Brassica napus var. Natane nourin plants grown with or without 0.25 mM P were exposed to 0 or 50 µM AlCl3 and several parameters related to the exudation of organic anions from the roots were investigated. Eight days of P deficiency resulted in a significant growth reduction, but P deficiency alone did not induce exudation of organic anions. In contrast, Al strongly induced organic acid exudation, while simultaneously inhibiting root growth. Increased in-vitro activity of citrate synthase (CS, EC 4.1.3.7), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31), together with reduced root respiration, indicated that the Al-induced accumulation and subsequent exudation of citrate and malate were associated with both increased biosynthesis and reduced metabolism of citric and malic acid. Phosphorus-sufficient plants showed more pronounced aluminium-induced accumulation and exudation of organic anions than P-deficient plants. A divided root chamber experiment showed the necessity of direct contact between Al and roots to elicit exudation of organic anions. Prolonged exposure (10 days) to Al resulted in a decrease in the net exudation of citrate and malate, and the rate of decrease was much more rapid in P-deficient plants than in P-sufficient plants. It is concluded that P nutrition affects the level of Al-induced synthesis and exudation of organic anions. However, the mechanism needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0290.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Al resistance and citrate secretion in the tap and basal roots of common bean seedlings (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 121 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The common bean root system is composed of several types of root (e.g. tap, basal, and lateral roots), whose physiological functions may be of great difference. However, we do not know if the root system of common bean differs in organic acid secretion and thus aluminium (Al) resistance. In the present study, the tap and basal roots of three common bean genotypes (i.e. G19842, SQ12 and BAT881) from different origins were compared for their citrate secretion and Al resistance. Grown in a simple solution containing 30 µM Al3+ for 24 h, genotype G19842 maintained 75% relative tap root length [RTRL = (tap root length with Al)/(tap root length without Al)], 48% relative basal root length [RBRL = (basal root length with Al)/ (basal root length without Al)], genotype SQ12 maintained 62% RTRL and 57% RBRL, while BAT881 only maintained 31% RTRL and 19% RBRL, indicating differential sensitivity of bean genotypes and root types to Al stress. The amounts of Al-induced citrate secretion by the tap/basal roots were 9.8/5.1, 8.2/5.9 and 5.4/4.1 nmol cm−2 FR (fresh root) [12 h]−1 for G19842, SQ12 and BAT881, respectively, indicating that both bean genotypes and root types differ in organic acid secretion. In G19842, the root surface area was 25% higher in tap root apex than that in basal root apex, and the amounts of citrate secretion per unit surface area and per root apex were 29 and 62% higher in tap root apex than those in basal root apex, respectively, suggesting that the higher citrate secretion in the tap root apex could be attributed to the larger surface area and the higher secretion activity. Stronger inhibition of Al-induced citrate secretion in the basal than tap roots by anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, an inhibitor of anion channel and K-252a, a broad range inhibitor of protein kinase may also imply the differences in the activities of anion channels and K-252a-sensitive protein kinases on the plasma membrane between the tap and basal roots, resulting in differential citrate secretion. We propose that the higher Al resistance in the tap root than in basal roots might be attributed to both greater number and higher activity of the anion channels in the former, thus allowing more citrate secretion in this root type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00357.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blocking behavior of self-assembled monolayers on gold electrodes (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of solid state electrochemistry 1 (1997), S. 148-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Self-assembled monolayers ; Thiols ; Gold ; Electrode ; Adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with metal electrodes, especially thiols on gold, are the subject of this investigation because of the unique properties of SAM-modified surfaces. Normal alkanethiols are used to modify the surface of a conventional gold electrode to block certain ions such as Pb(II) and Cu(II) from the surface of the electrode. Normal alkanethiols are also used to study the SAM-gold interfacial adsorption-desorption behavior of the self-assembled monolayer. The effects of varying chain length of SAMs, varying concentration of the alkanethiol solutions, immersion time of the pure gold electrode in the SAM solution, and the stability of a SAM-modified gold electrode in fresh chloroform are investigated using the oxidation-reduction peaks of gold. Conditions that optimize the surface coverage and the uniformity of the SAMs have been determined. Normal alkanethiols proved to be a good insulator on the electrode surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080050039
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing Speed Acceleration of an Intelligent Communication Instrument (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 381-382 (June 2008), p. 639-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper makes an attempt to improve the retrieving algorithm for an intelligentcommunication instrument. The instrument is developed for visually impaired computer users, and itconverts texts displayed on a computer screen into audio messages to help them operate the computer.The conversion is performed based on a user dictionary, and a retrieving algorithm is needed to searchthe dictionary. In order to accelerate the retrieving speed, we adopt an index table when retrieving thefirst two alphabets of a word in the dictionary. The time for retrieving words is measured in theexperiments. The experimental results reveal that the retrieving operations can be finished within anacceptable time
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/57/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.381-382.639.pdf
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