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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor mRNA determined from cDNA by using oligodeoxynucleotide primers (1984)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 3 (1984), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: oligodeoxynucleotide primers ; soybean trypsin inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the deduced mRNA sequence of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) were used to prime the synthesis of cDNA from soybean cotyledon total poly(A) RNA. The primed cDNA was used to select clones from a Glycine max cotyledon cDNA library. Two out of twelve hybridizing clones were shown to contain KTI cDNA. The nucleotide sequence of one clone, pSTI 9-2, was determined and it was found to encompass the complete protein coding region of KTI excet for three C-terminal residues. Trypsin inhibitor is synthesized with a 25 amino acid hydrophobic N-terminal sequence presumed to be a signal peptide. The mature polypeptide encoded by pSTI 9-2 agrees with the published amino acid composition of KTI, but contains two discrepancies at the peptide sequence level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040035
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of nodule-specific glutamine synthetase genes during nodule development in soybeans (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 7 (1986), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Fix- root nodules ; glutamine synthetase (GS) ; leghemoglobin ; nodule specific GS(GSn) ; soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cDNA clone (pcPvNGS-01) to glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA from root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris showed cross-hybridization to GS and mRNA from soybean root nodules, thus allowing its use as a probe to study the expression of GS genes during root nodule development in soybeans. Hybrid-select translation of root and nodule RNA of soybean with DNA from pcPvNGS-01, followed by 2D gel electrophoresis, showed six peptides in the root and an additional four peptides in the nodule which represent nodule-specific glutamine synthetase (GSn) gene products. The GSn gene products appeared for the first time between day 11 and 12 after infection, either concomitant with the onset of nitrogenase activity or immediately following it. The levels of expression of the GSn and leghemoglobin genes were not affected in young Fix- nodules formed by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains that are defective in nitrogenase activity, suggesting that the induction of these two sets of host genes take place independent of nitrogenase activity. However, in Fix- nodules that are incapable of maintaining the peribacteroid membrane, GSn gene products were not detected while 1ba, 1bc2 and 1bc3 appeared. In both the timing of appearance during root nodule development and the effect of different bacterial mutations on the expression, GSn genes differ from most other nodulin genes examined (30), suggesting different regulatory mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021330
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nodulin 24 protein family shows similarity to a family of glycine-rich plant proteins (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 607-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: soybean ; nodulin ; glycine-rich protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040679
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Down-regulation of specific members of the glutamine synthetase gene family in alfalfa by antisense RNA technology (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 535-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alfalfa ; antisense ; gene family ; glutamine synthetase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of NH3 with glutamate to produce glutamine. In plants GS is an octameric enzyme and is located either in the cytoplasm (GS1) or in the chloroplast (GS2). Two distinct classes of GS1 genes with unique 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) have been identified in alfalfa. We have demonstrated that the two classes exhibit differential expression pattern in the different plant organs suggesting different functional roles for the different isozymes. To determine the functional significance ofss the two classes of GS1 genes in alfalfa, we have utilized antisense gene constructs aimed specifically at the 3′UTR of the two GS1 genes and introduced them individually into alfalfa. Our data show that the gene constructs are effective in lowering the corresponding transcript level very effectively though there were organ-specific differences in the level of reduction. No transcript corresponding to the antisense gene construct was detected in any of the alfalfa transformants though they accumulated to significant levels in transgenic tobacco containing the same construct. This suggests that the antisense transcript was not stable in the presence of the homologous target sequence. Transgenic alfalfa with up to 80% reduction in the transcript level corresponding to each gene class, however, showed no reduction in GS activity or GS1 polypeptide level. The results suggest that GS1 mRNA levels are not rate-limiting for GS1 polypeptide synthesis and that GS1 levels are controlled both at the transcriptional and translational/post-translational level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006099512706
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a novel nodulin gene in soybean that shares sequence similarity to the gene for nodulin-24 (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 835-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: soybean ; nodulin ; gene organization ; hybrid select translation ; gene family ; developmental regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A gene encoding for nodulin-16 (N-16) was isolated from a soybean genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA and the genomic clone of N-16 indicated that the coding region of this gene is 330 bp long and is interrupted by a single intron of 494 bp. The coding region of the N-16 gene shows a high degree of localized sequence similarity with the coding sequence of soybean nodulin-24 (N-24). Sequence similarity between the two genes is limited to the coding region of 90 bp in the first exon and the first 54 bp in the second exon of the N-16 gene which is repeated as the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th exons in the N-24 gene. The N-24 gene has been postulated to be a result of repeated duplication of an insertion element consisting of the 54 bp exon and the flanking intron sequences. In the absence of sequence similarity in the regions flanking the 54 bp sequence between the N-16 and N-24 genes, the N-16 gene does not appear to be the ancestral gene. Both N-16 and N-24 have a similar hydrophobic amino terminal end suggesting that N-16 like N-24 is targeted to the peribacteroid membrane. Southern analysis of soybean genomic DNA shows the presence of other related sequences to the N-16 gene, one of which is found to be closely linked to it. Analysis of the temporal accumulation of the N-16 transcripts during nodule development in effective and ineffective nodules suggests that N-16 and related genes might differ from leghemoglobin and some other late nodulin genes in their mechanism of regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039424
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutive expression of the β-phaseolin gene in different tissues of transgenic alfalfa does not ensure phaseolin accumulation in non-seed tissue (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 951-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: β-phaseolin ; seed-storage protein ; root ; nodule ; leaf and stem expression ; transgenic alfalfa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phaseolin is a glycoprotein that constitutes the major storage protein in bean seeds. The phaseolin gene promoters function in a seed-specific manner. In an attempt to understand if events following transcription of the gene also contribute to the seed-specific accumulation of the phaseolin protein, we studied the effect of substituting the constitutive CaMV-35S promoter for the β-phaseolin gene promoter on expression of the phaseolin gene in different plant organs. A chimeric gene consisting of the 35S promoter, the coding sequence of the β-phaseolin gene (all five introns and six exons) and the 3′-flanking region of the β-phaseolin gene, was introduced into alfalfa via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. While all organs examined shared high levels of phaseolin transcripts, the only organ that showed significant accumulation of the phaseolin protein were the mature seeds. Co-migration of the major immunoreactive polypeptides from the non-seed organs with the authentic β-phaseolin polypeptides on SDS-PAGE indicates that the protein in non-seed organs undergoes correct post-translational processing and modification, but are more unstable in a non-seed environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040527
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two classes of differentially regulated glutamine synthetase genes are expressed in the soybean nodule: a nodule-specific class and a constitutively expressed class (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 971-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; gene family ; glutamine synthetase ; soybean nodules ; cotyledons ; hybrid-select translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized two sets of cDNA clones representing the glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA in soybean nodules. Using the 3′-untranslated regions of a representative member of each set, as gene member(s) specific probes, we have shown that one set of the GS genes are expressed in a nodule-specific manner, while the other set is expressed in other tissues, besides the nodules. The nodule-specific GS genes are expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in the nodules, independent of the onset of nitrogen fixation. The other class of GS genes is expressed constitutively in all tissues tested, but its expression level is dramatically enhanced in nodules following onset of N2 fixation. The latter set of genes is also expressed in cotyledons of germinating seedlings in a developmentally regulated manner. Analysis of hybrid select translation products and genomic Southern blots suggests that multiple gene members in each class are expressed in the nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028970
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The endoplasmic reticulum of plant cells and its role in protein maturation and biogenesis of oil bodies (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: plants ; endoplasmic reticulum ; molecular chaperones ; quality control ; protein bodies ; lipid bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the port of entry of proteins into the endomembrane system, and it is also involved in lipid biosynthesis and storage. This organelle contains a number of soluble and membrane-associated enzymes and molecular chaperones, which assist the folding and maturation of proteins and the deposition of lipid storage compounds. The regulation of translocation of proteins into the ER and their subsequent maturation within the organelle have been studied in detail in mammalian and yeast cells, and more recently also in plants. These studies showed that in general the functions of the ER in protein synthesis and maturation have been highly conserved between the different organisms. Yet, the ER of plants possesses some additional functions not found in mammalian and yeast cells. This compartment is involved in cell to cell communication via the plasmodesmata, and, in specialized cells, it serves as a storage site for proteins. The plant ER is also equipped with enzymes and structural proteins which are involved in the process of oil body biogenesis and lipid storage. In this review we discuss the components of the plant ER and their function in protein maturation and biogenesis of oil bodies. Due to the large number of cited papers, we were not able to cite all individual references and in many cases we refer the readers to reviews and references therein. We apologize to the authors whose references are not cited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006011919671
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and genomic organization of a highly expressed late nodulin gene subfamily in soybeans (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 229 (1991), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Symbiotic nitrogen fixation ; Late nodulins ; Homology ; Soybean cultivar RFLP ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A soybean nodulin cDNA clone (E41) hybrid-selected mRNA for three in vitro translation products with apparent molecular weights of 26 kDa, 25 kDa and 24 kDa. Based on Southern analysis of soybean genomic DNA, combined with mapping and sequencing of genomic clones, we identified four genes that are related to E41, one of which was identified to be the previously characterized N-20 gene. Our data indicate the linkage of three of the genes, of which one is a truncated version and suggest that they originated by gene duplication combined with deletion and conversion. The genes are highly expressed and we postulate that the sequence conservation in the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of all four genes, has a functional role in their expression. Hybrid-selected translation products of E41 are not immunoprecipitable with antibody to the soluble fraction of nodules suggesting that they are membrane associated. The N-20 gene, which is a member of this gene subfamily, showed sequence similarity to four previously characterized nodulin genes and a phylogenetic tree is proposed based on the extent of sequence similarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267468
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of host genes during root nodule development in soybeans (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 203 (1986), S. 410-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Soybean-Rhizobium symbiosis ; Nodulins ; cDNA clones ; RNA analysis ; DNA sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nine unique nodulin cDNA clones from soybean have been characterized with regard to the size of the RNA and the corresponding protein products. Based on the sequence homology between clones C51 and E27 and the multiple RNA species corresponding to clones D41 and E41, it is suggested that some of the nodulin genes represent members of small gene families. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of clones C51 and E27 revealed the presence of a “signal peptide” and no “stop transfer” signal, typical of membrane proteins, suggesting that the proteins encoded by these clones are localized in organelles and as such probably involved in ureide biosynthesis (Boland et al. 1982; Schubert and Boland 1984). Based on the timing of appearance of RNA corresponding to the nodulin clones and the pattern of their accumulation, at least three sets of nodulin genes are being represented here. Al1 the nodulin RNAs examined were made in Fix- nodules formed by strain Ag168 (which does not make Cl component of nitrogenase) at a level comparable to that in Fix+ nodules and at a very reduced level in Fix- nodules formed by strain HS124 (which show very few infected cells). It is concluded that all the nodulin genes examined here are induced independent of nitrogenase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422065
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