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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 3 (1984), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the efficiency of a broad range of plant growth retardants on cell division growth of 13 cell suspension cultures is presented. The results show that (1) the new plant bioregulator tetcyclacis (NDA) is the compound with the highest activity in inhibiting cell division of all cultures tested, and (2) cell cultures react species-specifically to various compounds. Significant correlations between the results from suspension cultures and intact seedlings of the same plant species demonstrate the usefulness of cell cultures for identifying substances with a growth-regulating potency. Futhermore, the usefulness of cell cultures for establishing structure-activity relationships was shown with structural analogues of chlormequat and mepiquat chloride.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic analogs of abscisic acid (ABA) and their inhibiting effect on transpiration rates of detached barley leaves are presented. By systematically varying the carbon skeleton of ABA, the influence of structural changes on biological activity was investigated. The results show that a properly substituted cyclohexane unit and a six-carbon side chain seem to be indispensable for high ABA-like activity, whereas the oxidation state of the terminal carbon atom in the side chain appears to be less essential. Thus, synthetic compounds have been created that exhibit biological activities comparable both in type and strength with ABA itself. On the basis of molecular models, a hypothesis of the geometric arrangement of essential substructural units is proposed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 1382-1402 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 31. The Vinylogous Pentafulvalene Synthesis, Twelve-Electron Cyclisation, CycloadditionsThe synthesis of the vinylogous pentafulvalene 1 (1,2-biscyclopentadienylideneethane, 6,6′-bifulvenyl, pentafulvadiene) is described. In solution, 1 is inert towards photoexcitation but cyclizes thermally rapidly and quantitatively (Ea = 20 ± 0.4 kcal/mole, lg A = 11.3 ± 0.3; ΔH≠ = 19.4 ± 0.4 kcal/mole; ΔS≠ = -9 ± 1 e. u.) to trans-8a,8b-dihydro-as-indacene (8). The stereochemistry in 8 and consequently the conrotatory nature of this electrocyclic process  -  probable for steric reasons and with twelve participating bonding electrons symmetry-allowed  -  has been established by the vicinal coupling constants in the unsymmetrical derivatives 19 (J8,9 = 12.7 Hz) and 23 (J10,11 = 11.7 Hz) and finally by proving the C2-symmetry in the symmetrical bisadduct 21 with the help of a chiral shift reagent. 8 is photolabile and on direct excitation is cleanly isomerized back to 1. With reactive dienophiles 1 and 8 yield [4 + 2]-addition products (15-17; 19, 21); a [π2s + π10a]-type addition hoped for 8 (e. g. to 18) cannot be verified.
    Notes: Die Synthese des vinylogen Pentafulvalens 1 (1,2-Biscyclopentadienylidenethan, 6,6′-Bifulvenyl, Pentafulvadien) wird beschrieben. Es ist photochemisch inert und cyclisiert thermisch rasch und quantitativ (Ea = 20 ± 0.4 kcal/mol; lg A = 11.3 ± 0.3; ΔH≠ = 19.4 ± 0.4 kcal/mol; ΔS≠ = -9 ± 1 e. u.) zu trans-8a,8b-Dihydro-as-indacen (8). Die Stereochemie von 8 und mithin der aus sterischen Gründen ohnedies wahrscheinliche, bei Beteiligung von 12 Elektronen symmetrieerlaubte konrotatorische Verlauf dieses elektrocyclischen Prozesses wird durch Vicinalkopplungen in den unsymmetrischen Folgeprodukten 19 (J8,9 = 12.7 Hz) und 23 (J10,11 = 11.7 Hz) und letztlich durch Nachweis der C2-Symmetrie im Bisaddukt 21 mit Hilfe eines chiralen Shiftreagenzes bewiesen. 8 öffnet bei der direkten Lichtanregung einheitlich zu 1. 1 und 8 gehen mit reaktionsfähigen Dienophilen [4+2]-Addition (15-17; 19, 21) ein; eine bei 8 angestrebte [π2s + π10a]-Addition (z. B. zu 18) ist nicht erreichbar.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 381) Fourteen Electron Electrocyclisation of the Vinylogous Sesquifulvalene - PhenazuleneThe vinylogous sesquifulvalene 1 thermally undergoes 14-electron electrocyclisation with ease (Ea = 100 ± 2kj·mol-1, log A = 12.0) and perispecifically. Due to the steric constraints imposed by the system it takes place - almost certainly exclusively - in the “symmetry-forbidden”, conrotatory sense to give trans- 10a, 10b-dihydrophenazulene 2a. This is rapidly isomerized into the benzenoid 1,8- and 3,8- dihydrocyclohept[e]indenes 12/15 and is therefore not directly detectable. The trans-stereochemistry in 2a is verified by x-ray crystal analysis of its 1:1-adduct with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (20). The benzylidenecyclohept[e]indenes 28a-c(obtainable from 12/15) could not be isomerised prototropically to the benzylphenazulenes 30a-c. Treatment of the cation 31 (generated from 28a) with nucleophiles also fails to produce phenazulene derivatives (34). The phenazulenium salts 38/39 are, depending on the counteranion, obtainable from 12 (15) in solution (BF-4, ClO-4) or crystalline (SbCl-6, 1/2 PtCl2-6 EE). From the BF-4 salt a deep-blue compound is generated which is stable below -60°C and in the presence of a large excess of DBN, but polymerises above 0°C or in the presence of SiO2 or Al2O3 (-60°C). It is concluded, that this blue species is phenazulene (3).
    Notes: Das vinyloge Sesquifulvalen 1 geht thermisch leicht (Ea = 100 ± 2kJ. Mol-1, log A = 12.0) und perispezifisch die 14-Elektronen-Elektrocyclisierung ein. Unter dem Zwang der Sterischen Verhältnisse erfolgt diese - sehr wahrscheinlich ausschließlich - im “symmetrieverbotenen”, konrotatorischen Sinn zum trans-10a, 10b-Dihydrophenazulen 2a. Dieses ist wegen der raschen Isomerisierung in die benzoiden 1,8- und 3,8-Dihydrocyclohept[e]indene 12/15 direkt nicht nachweisbar. Die trans-Stereochemie in 2a wird durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse seines 1:1-Addukts mit Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester (20) bewiesen. Die aus 12/15 hergestellten Benzyliden-cyclohept[e]indene 28a-c konnten prototrop nicht zu den Benzylphenazulenen 30a - c isomerisiert werden. Phenazulen-Derivate (34) entstehen auch nicht bei der Umsetzung des aus 28a gewonnenen Kations 31 mit Nucleophilen. Die Phenazulenium-Salze 38/39 sind je nach Gegenion in Lösung (BF-4, CIO-4) bzw. kristallisiert aus 12 (15) herstellbar (SbCl-6, 1/2PtCl2-6). Aus dem BF-4-Salz wird eine bei -60°C und großem DBN-Überschuß beständige, tiefblaue Verbindung freigesetzt, die oberhalb 0°C bzw. im Kontakt mit SiO2O3(-60°C) rasch polymerisiert. Es wird argumentiert, daß es sich hierbei um Phenazulen (3) handelt.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 32.  -  Syntheses and Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl-, 1,2:3,4-Dibenzo-, and 2,3-DiphenylpentafulvaleneThe crystalline, isolable, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl- and 1,2:3,4-dibenzofulvalenes (9 and 10) and 2,3-diphenylfulvalene (11), which is stable only in solution, have been synthesized. The increasing ease of dimerisation via [4 + 2]-addition is responsible for the steeply diminishing thermal stability from 9 to 11. In model reactions, the fulvalenes behave both as dienes and dienophiles. The cyclopentadienylidenenorbornadiene derivatives 17, 24, 32a, b and the binorbornadienylidene derivatives 36a, b, 37a, b are accessible via 9, 10, and via 29b, resp., the “masked” form of 11.  -  On the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR data pentafulvalene is placed within the series of cyclic cross-conjugated π-systems 1.
    Notes: Die kristallin isolierbaren 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl- und 1,2:3,4-Dibenzofulvalene (9 bzw. 10) und das nur in Lösung existenzfähige 2,3-Diphenylfulvalen (11) wurden hergestellt. Für die von 9 zu 11 rasch absinkende thermische Stabilität ist die zunehmend leichtere Dimerisierung durch [4 + 2]-Addition verantwortlich. In Modellreaktionen verhalten sich die Fulvalene sowohl wie Diene als auch wie Dienophile. Die Cyclopentadienylidennorbornadienderivate 17, 24, 32a, b und die Binorbornadienylidenderivate 36a, b, 37a, b sind über 9, 10 bzw. über 29b, die „maskierte“ Form von 11, zugänglich.  -  An Hand der 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten wird das Pentafulvalen in die Reihe der cyclisch gekreuzt-konjugierten π-Systeme 1 eingeordnet.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1059-1062 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diastereoselectivity in the Boranate Reduction of α-Triazolyl KetonesThe influence of TiCl4 on the formation of diastereomers during the boranate reduction of α-triazolyl ketones 1 is investigated. Without TiCl4 the formation of diastereomer 3 with the hydroxy and triazole goup syn to each other is preferred. However, in the presence of TiCl4 the diastereomer 2 with anti position of hydroxy and triazole group is formed with high selectivity.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von TiCl4 auf das Diastereomerenverhältnis bei der Boranatreduktin von α-Triazolylketonen 1 wird untersucht. Während ohne TiCl4 überwiegend das Diastereomere 3 mit syn-Anordnung von Triazol- und Hydroxyl-Gruppe gebildet wird, dirigiert TiCl4 die Reduktion mit hoher Selektivität zum Diastereomeren 2 mit anti-Anordnung von Triazol- und Hydroxyl-Gruppe.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 84 (1972), S. 115-117 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 84 (1972), S. 297-299 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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