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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mouse model of Prinzmetal angina by disruption of the inward rectifier Kir6.1 (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 8 (2002), S. 466-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir6.1 forms K+ channels by coupling with a sulfonylurea receptor in reconstituted systems, but the physiological roles of Kir6.1-containing K+ channels have not been determined. We report here that mice lacking the gene encoding Kir6.1 (known as Kcnj8) have a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0502-466
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of S49 mouse lymphoma cell mutants deficient in adenosine deaminase (1989)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 15 (1989), S. 411-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adenosine deaminase-deficient mutants of a mouse lymphoma cell line S49 have been isolated by a two-step selection process. In the first step, we derived mutant lines containing haploid levels of adenosine deaminase activity from wild-type cells. The selective medium contained tritiated deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxycoformycin. Wild-type cells were killed, presumably because of suicidal incorporation of tritiated deoxy adenosine via the adenosine deaminase pathway. The second step was to derive, from the partially deficient mutants, sublines that were virtually lacking adenosine deaminase, using tritiated deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine. Four mutant clones were found to contain less than 5% of the enzyme activity of wild-type cells and virtually no immunoreactive adenosine deaminase protein. Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of adenosine deaminase mRNA were drastically reduced. Back-selection for adenosine deaminase-positive revertants can be accomplished by using a medium containing deoxyadenosine (as a sole source of purine), aminopterin, and thymidine or, alternatively, by using deoxyadenosine alone in a serum-free medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01534892
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific interaction of starch and polyvinyl alcohols having long alkyl groups (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1127-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Properties of aqueous solutions of blends of starch and polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs), having alkyl groups as side chains, or at one polymer chain end, were studied in terms of viscosity stability, and transparency. In the case of corn starch, PVAs having butyl, octyl, and dodecyl end groups, as well as PVA copolymers containing small amounts of vinyl versatate, together with itaconic acid, increased the stability of the blended solution. The aqueous solutions of PVA, having dodecyl end groups and oxidized starch blend, also showed good stability in viscosities and considerable increase in transparency, whereas conventional PVA and oxidized starch blend gave turbid aqueous solutions, followed by phase separation. The phenomena were assumed to arise from the interaction of the alkyl group in PVA with starch, forming a helical structure with the alkyl group in the hydrophobic internal part.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450701
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical and surface properties of aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohols having an n-alkylthio end group (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 641-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) having a n-alkylthio end group of 10 through 16 carbon atoms were found to associate in the dilute aqueous solutions through hydrophobic interaction. From the apparent number-average molecular weight with vapor pressure osmometer, the PVAs having an n-dodecylthio and an n-hexadecylthio group at one end were calculated to associate by about five and three molecules, respectively. The aqueous solutions of the PVA having an n-dodecylthio group at one end showed much higher viscosity compared with the PVA having a hydroxyethylthio group at one end (HOCH2CH2S - PVA) in low concentration regions of below 10 wt % due to the association of the n-dodecyl end group. Surface tensions of the aqueous solutions of the PVAs having an n-alkylthio group at one end (n-CnH2n+1S - PVA) showed almost the same value, which was slightly smaller than that of HOCH2CH2S - PVA, at 4 and 6 of carbon atoms, lowered with an increase in the number of carbon atoms above 8, showed minimum at 12 and then increased at 16 and 18. In the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, n-CnH2n+1S - PVAs of 10 through 18 carbon atoms acted effectively as a protective colloid.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460411
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation behavior of isoprene polymers and butadiene polymers (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 981-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The oxidation behavior of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, emulsion polyisoprene, emulsion isoprene/styrene copolymers, and emulsion butadiene/styrene copolymers by heat aging or ultraviolet irradiation has been investigated from the change of gel fraction and molecular weight distribution. It was determined that the oxidation behavior of both isoprene and butadiene polymers is strongly dependent on the composition of the polymers as well as on the microstructure of the polymers. In the case of oxidation by heat aging, the probability ratio of chain scission to crosslinking of both isoprene and butadiene copolymers increases gradually with increasing styrene fraction. In the case of oxidation by ultraviolet irradiation, isoprene copolymers show a remarkable increase in the probability ratio of chain scission to crosslinking, whereas butadiene copolymers show substantially no change with increase in styrene fraction. It was also demonstrated that both isoprene and butadiene polymers show a greater tendency for crosslinking with oxidation by ultraviolet irradiation than with oxidation by heat aging.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Funktionelle Monomere und Polymere, 2827. Mitt.: siehe K. Kondo, M. Koishi, K. Takemoto, Techn. Repts. Osaka Univ., im Druck.. Synthese und Polymerisation von nucleinbasenhaltigen Styrolderivaten (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 3505-3509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.021761133
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on application of block copolymers composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylamide to paper sizing (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 1645-1651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Block copolymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) were investigated as paper additives. The mixture of both homopolymers in aqueous solution caused phase separation, which indicated incompatibility. The block copolymers were soluble in water without macrophase separation. In the case of surface sizing to paper, PVA-b-PAAm as well as PAAm afforded stiffness to paper, whereas PVA could not. In the case of internal sizing, the block copolymers with anionically modified PAAm revealed excellent improvement in paper properties, whereas PAAm made the tearing strength worse. Brittle polymers such as PAAm appear to afford stiffness to paper, but also make the paper brittle. PVA that is a tough polymer due to high crystallinity and low glass transition temperature can afford toughness to paper, at the expense of stiffness. The block copolymers seem to retain the desirable properties of each simultaneously. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070571311
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of poly(vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol) copolymer with a thiol end group as a steric stabilizer on dispersion polymerization of styrene (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2149-2157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In dispersion polymerization of styrene in ethanol, effects of a reactive steric stabilizer, poly(vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol) copolymer with a thiol end group (P(VAc/VA)-SH), were investigated. In the absence of the thiol end group, the dispersion coagulated at the middle stage of the polymerization, while in the presence of the thiol end group, the polymerization proceeded successfully to result in close to monodisperse particles. The reactive thiol group acts as a site of formation of the block copolymer, that is, polystyrene-b-P(VAc/VA), which is utilized as an effective dispersant. From the measurement on molecular weights during the course of polymerization, two polymerization loci were realized. Addition of butyl methacrylate to styrene affected markedly not only rate of polymerization but also particle size. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of poly(vinyl alcohol) with an alkyl end group containing anionic groups to coal-water slurry as a dispersant (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1553-1561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Anionic groups were introduced with copolymerization of corresponding vinyl monomers with vinyl acetate into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with an alkylthio end group. The polymers were investigated as a dispersant for coal-water slurry (CWM). Anionic groups such as sodium sulfonate and sodium carboxylate enhance remarkably the ability of PVA with an alkylthio end group to disperse coal. Sodium polyacrylic acid with an alkyl end group also showed a good ability of dispersing coal. The order of the ability of dispersing coal in these polymeric dispersants along with sodium napthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) varied by the kind of coal used. In cases of the polymeric dispersants, the fluidity of coal in terms of dependence of viscosity on shear rate also varied, from dilatency to thixotropy, in accordance with coal used. Impurities in coal as well as surface properties of coal particles might play important roles in the properties of CWM. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070551106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation in free-radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and synthesis of end-group modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A kinetical investigation on the consumption of a chain transfer agent in the free-radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) was carried out. A new method to control the degree of polymerization of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as well as the end group content by continuous addition of a chain transfer agent, whose chain transfer constant is much larger than unity such as thiol compounds, during the course of VAc polymerization was proposed. The method using 2-mercaptoethanol was applied to the preparation of lowmolecular-weight PVAc and PVA with M̄w/M̄n ≈ 2.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940113
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