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  • 1
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    Altered antisense-to-sense transcript ratios in breast cancer [Medical Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: Transcriptome profiling studies suggest that a large fraction of the genome is transcribed and many transcripts function independent of their protein coding potential. The relevance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in normal physiological processes and in tumorigenesis is increasingly recognized. Here, we describe consistent and significant differences in the distribution of sense and antisense transcripts between normal and neoplastic breast tissues. Many of the differentially expressed antisense transcripts likely represent long ncRNAs. A subset of genes that mainly generate antisense transcripts in normal but not cancer cells is involved in essential metabolic processes. These findings suggest fundamental differences in global RNA regulation between normal and cancer cells that might play a role in tumorigenesis.
    Keywords: Breast Cancer Special Feature
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Activation of ras oncogenes preceding the onset of neoplasia (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-01
    Description: The identification of ras oncogenes in human and animal cancers including precancerous lesions indicates that these genes participate in the early stages of neoplastic development. Yet, these observations do not define the timing of ras oncogene activation in the multistep process of carcinogenesis. To ascertain the timing of ras oncogene activation, an animal model system was devised that involves the induction of mammary carcinomas in rats exposed at birth to the carcinogen nitrosomethylurea. High-resolution restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ras sequences revealed the presence of both H-ras and K-ras oncogenes in normal mammary glands 2 weeks after carcinogen treatment and at least 2 months before the onset of neoplasia. These ras oncogenes can remain latent within the mammary gland until exposure to estrogens, demonstrating that activation of ras oncogenes can precede the onset of neoplasia and suggesting that normal physiological proliferative processes such as estrogen-induced mammary gland development may lead to neoplasia if the targeted cells harbor latent ras oncogenes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, R -- Sukumar, S -- Barbacid, M -- 1-RO1-CA48943/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, NJ 08543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2188364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenofibroma/genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma/genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*physiology ; Genes, ras/*physiology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/*genetics ; Methylnitrosourea ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sexual Maturation ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Outburst of Jupiter's synchrotron radiation after the impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: Jupiter's nonthermal microwave emission, as measured by a global network of 11 radio telescopes, increased dramatically during the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts. The increase was wavelength-dependent, varying from approximately 10 percent at 70 to 90 centimeters to approximately 45 percent at 6 and 36 centimeters. The radio spectrum hardened (flattened toward shorter wavelengths) considerably during the week of impacts and continued to harden afterward. After the week of cometary impacts, the flux density began to subside at all wavelengths and was still declining 3 months later. Very Large Array and Australia Telescope images of the brightness distribution showed the enhancement to be localized in longitude and concentrated near the magnetic equator. The evidence therefore suggests that the increase in flux density was caused by a change in the resident particle population, for example, through an energization or spatial redistribution of the emitting particles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Pater, I -- Heiles, C -- Wong, M -- Maddalena, R J -- Bird, M K -- Funke, O -- Neidhoefer, J -- Price, R M -- Kesteven, M -- Calabretta, M -- Klein, M J -- Gulkis, S -- Bolton, S J -- Foster, R S -- Sukumar, S -- Strom, R G -- LePoole, R S -- Spoelstra, T -- Robison, M -- Hunstead, R W -- Campbell-Wilson, D -- Ye, T -- Dulk, G -- Leblanc, Y -- Lecacheux, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1879-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Cosmic Dust ; *Electrons ; Elementary Particle Interactions ; *Jupiter ; *Meteoroids ; *Microwaves ; Spectrum Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Independent molecular pathways in initiation and loss of hormone responsiveness of breast carcinomas (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: These studies were set up to determine whether those oncogenes participating in the initiation of mammary carcinogenesis (for example, ras oncogenes) play a direct role in the outcome of events associated with the late stages of tumor development such as loss of hormone dependency. Mammary carcinomas induced by a single carcinogenic insult in pubescent rats was selected as an in vivo model system with direct relevance to human breast cancer. Acquisition of hormone-independent growth in these carcinogen-induced tumors was found to be independent of the activation of ras oncogenes during the early stages of carcinogenesis. In agreement with these observations, introduction of a human ras oncogene into human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells did not abrogate their hormonal dependency for growth in vivo. These findings suggest that those events responsible for the critical stages of breast cancer development occur independently and in an uncoordinated manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sukumar, S -- Carney, W P -- Barbacid, M -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):524-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Oncology Section, Basic Research Program, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3282307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Cell Line ; Estrogens/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*physiopathology ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: Large intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome yet their potential involvement in human disease is not well understood. Recent studies of dosage compensation, imprinting, and homeotic gene expression suggest that individual lincRNAs can function as the interface between DNA and specific chromatin remodelling activities. Here we show that lincRNAs in the HOX loci become systematically dysregulated during breast cancer progression. The lincRNA termed HOTAIR is increased in expression in primary breast tumours and metastases, and HOTAIR expression level in primary tumours is a powerful predictor of eventual metastasis and death. Enforced expression of HOTAIR in epithelial cancer cells induced genome-wide re-targeting of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to an occupancy pattern more resembling embryonic fibroblasts, leading to altered histone H3 lysine 27 methylation, gene expression, and increased cancer invasiveness and metastasis in a manner dependent on PRC2. Conversely, loss of HOTAIR can inhibit cancer invasiveness, particularly in cells that possess excessive PRC2 activity. These findings indicate that lincRNAs have active roles in modulating the cancer epigenome and may be important targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049919/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049919/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, Rajnish A -- Shah, Nilay -- Wang, Kevin C -- Kim, Jeewon -- Horlings, Hugo M -- Wong, David J -- Tsai, Miao-Chih -- Hung, Tiffany -- Argani, Pedram -- Rinn, John L -- Wang, Yulei -- Brzoska, Pius -- Kong, Benjamin -- Li, Rui -- West, Robert B -- van de Vijver, Marc J -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Chang, Howard Y -- R01 CA118750/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA118750-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004361/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004361-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1071-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Epithelial Biology, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatin/*genetics ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/*genetics ; Disease Progression ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Prognosis ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Untranslated/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Parametric Analysis of Pulsed Laser Melting Process (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-11
    Description: An axisymmetric numerical model has been developed to study the laser drilling of a cylindrical work piece under repetitive Gaussian laser pulse. Finite volume method has been used to discretize the energy equation. Convective and radiative heat losses have been considered from the laser irradiated surface. The resulting algebraic equation has been solved with the help of Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA) to know the temperature distribution in the work piece. The enthalpy porosity method has been employed to capture the moving solid-liquid interface evolving due to melting of the work piece subjected to laser energy. The laser source irradiated on the work piece has been considered as volumetric laser source instead of surface laser source which is rarely found in the existing literature. The present model is validated first with the existing literature. It has been found that, the results agree well. A parametric analysis has been done to know the effects of different laser...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    A transforming ras gene in tumorigenic guinea pig cell lines initiated by diverse chemical carcinogens (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Fetal guinea pig cells were transformed by treatment with four different chemical carcinogens including nitroso compounds and polycyclic hydrocarbons. As a consequence of this treatment, oncogenes capable of transforming NIH/3T3 cells became activated in each of five independently established clonal guinea pig cell lines. Molecular characterization of representative NIH/3T3 transformants revealed that the same oncogene was present in each of the cell lines tested. Moreover, detection of this transforming gene paralleled the acquisition of tumorigenic properties by these neoplastic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sukumar, S -- Pulciani, S -- Doniger, J -- DiPaolo, J A -- Evans, C H -- Zbar, B -- Barbacid, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1197-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Benzopyrenes ; *Carcinogens ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Diethylnitrosamine ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Guinea Pigs ; Methylcholanthrene ; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine ; Mice ; *Oncogenes ; Retroviridae/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution, zero quantum transition (two-dimensional) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: spectral analysis (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 4209-4215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00404a039
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assignment of proton n.m.r. spectra of carbohydrates, using two-dimensionaltechniques: COSY and SECSY
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 103 (1982), S. C1-C6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(82)80025-6
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