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  • 1
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    H2O2 toxicity in ammonia-oxidizing archaea [Microbiology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), that is, members of the Thaumarchaeota phylum, occur ubiquitously in the environment and are of major significance for global nitrogen cycling. However, controls on cell growth and organic carbon assimilation by AOA are poorly understood. We isolated an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon (designated strain DDS1) from seawater and used...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Paleosensitivity of Hydrogen Isotope Ratios of Long‐Chain Alkenones to Salinity Changes at the Chile Margin (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Hydrogen isotope ratios of long‐chain alkenones (δ2HC37 ratios) have been shown to correlate with salinity in several culture studies. However, it is uncertain how applicable the δ2HC37‐salinity relationship is to reconstruct past salinity. The δ2HC37 ratios were measured on sediments from a drill core (ODP site 1234) at the Chilean Margin covering the last ~150 kyr. High δ2HC37 values corresponded to glacial time periods and interglacial periods are characterized by lower δ2HC37 values, aligning with δ18O ratios measured on planktonic foraminifera from the same core. Effects of parameters such as species composition, the δ2H‐δ18O relationship used for ice volume corrections, and nutrient‐ or light‐controlled growth rate, did not appear to significantly alter δ2HC37 ratios at ODP 1234. We used linear regression equations from batch culture experiments, marine surface sediments, and suspended particulate organic matter to quantitatively characterize salinity changes over the last ~150 kyr at ODP 1234. However, most of these equations yielded larger salinity shifts than previously suggested, a phenomenon also observed for other δ2HC37 records. This suggests that the paleosensitivity of δ2HC37 ratios to salinity was larger in the geologic record than has been observed in any modern environment or laboratory settings, or that glacial to interglacial salinity shifts might have been larger than currently believed.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 2572-4525
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Massive expansion of marine archaea during a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Biogeochemical and stable carbon isotopic analysis of black-shale sequences deposited during an Albian oceanic anoxic event (approximately 112 million years ago) indicate that up to 80 weight percent of sedimentary organic carbon is derived from marine, nonthermophilic archaea. The carbon-13 content of archaeal molecular fossils indicates that these archaea were living chemoautotrophically. Their massive expansion may have been a response to the strong stratification of the ocean during this anoxic event. Indeed, the sedimentary record of archaeal membrane lipids suggests that this anoxic event marks a time in Earth history at which certain hyperthermophilic archaea adapted to low-temperature environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuypers, M M -- Blokker, P -- Erbacher, J -- Kinkel, H -- Pancost, R D -- Schouten, S -- Sinninghe Damste, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):92-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Archaea/chemistry/*physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; Cyanobacteria/chemistry/metabolism ; Eukaryota/chemistry/metabolism ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry/microbiology ; Membrane Lipids/analysis ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Plankton/metabolism ; Plants/chemistry/metabolism ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: Relative to the present day, meridional temperature gradients in the Early Eocene age ( approximately 56-53 Myr ago) were unusually low, with slightly warmer equatorial regions but with much warmer subtropical Arctic and mid-latitude climates. By the end of the Eocene epoch ( approximately 34 Myr ago), the first major Antarctic ice sheets had appeared, suggesting that major cooling had taken place. Yet the global transition into this icehouse climate remains poorly constrained, as only a few temperature records are available portraying the Cenozoic climatic evolution of the high southern latitudes. Here we present a uniquely continuous and chronostratigraphically well-calibrated TEX(86) record of sea surface temperature (SST) from an ocean sediment core in the East Tasman Plateau (palaeolatitude approximately 65 degrees S). We show that southwest Pacific SSTs rose above present-day tropical values (to approximately 34 degrees C) during the Early Eocene age ( approximately 53 Myr ago) and had gradually decreased to about 21 degrees C by the early Late Eocene age ( approximately 36 Myr ago). Our results imply that there was almost no latitudinal SST gradient between subequatorial and subpolar regions during the Early Eocene age (55-50 Myr ago). Thereafter, the latitudinal gradient markedly increased. In theory, if Eocene cooling was largely driven by a decrease in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration, additional processes are required to explain the relative stability of tropical SSTs given that there was more significant cooling at higher latitudes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bijl, Peter K -- Schouten, Stefan -- Sluijs, Appy -- Reichart, Gert-Jan -- Zachos, James C -- Brinkhuis, Henk -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):776-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08399.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.k.bijl@uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Ice Cover ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton/metabolism ; Seawater/*analysis ; *Temperature ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Recognition of paleobiochemicals by a combined molecular sulfur and isotope geochemical approach (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-17
    Description: Study of organic matter in immature sediments from a Messinian evaporitic basin shows that consideration of structures, modes of occurrence, and carbon isotopic compositions of free and sulfur-bound carbon skeletons allow identification of biochemical precursors. Detailed information concerning biotic communities present during deposition of sediments can be retrieved in this way. Moreover, unprecedented biochemicals were recognized; these extend the horizon of biomarker geochemistry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohnen, M E -- Schouten, S -- Damste, J S -- de Leeuw, J W -- Merritt, D A -- Hayes, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 17;256:358-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organic Geochemistry Unit, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea ; Carbon/chemistry ; *Carbon Radioisotopes ; Dinoflagellida ; Eukaryota ; Euryarchaeota ; Geology/*methods ; Lipids/chemistry ; Paleontology/*methods ; Plants ; Soil ; Sulfur/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Early reactivation of European rivers during the last deglaciation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: During the Last Glacial Maximum, the sea-level lowstand combined with the large extent of the Fennoscandian and British ice sheets led to the funneling of European continental runoff, resulting in the largest river system that ever drained the European continent. Here, we show an abrupt and early reactivation of the European hydrological cycle at the onset of the last deglaciation, leading to intense discharge of the Channel River into the Bay of Biscay. This freshwater influx, probably combined with inputs from proglacial or ice-dammed lakes, dramatically affected the hydrology of the region, both on land and in the ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menot, Guillemette -- Bard, Edouard -- Rostek, Frauke -- Weijers, Johan W H -- Hopmans, Ellen C -- Schouten, Stefan -- Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CEREGE, College de France, UMR 6635, CNRS Universite Aix-Marseille III, Europole de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France. gmenot@cerege.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Coupled thermal and hydrological evolution of tropical Africa over the last deglaciation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: We analyzed the distribution of branched tetraether membrane lipids derived from soil bacteria in a marine sediment record that was recovered close to the Congo River outflow, and the results enabled us to reconstruct large-scale continental temperature changes in tropical Africa that span the past 25,000 years. Tropical African temperatures gradually increased from approximately 21 degrees to 25 degrees C over the last deglaciation, which is a larger warming than estimated for the tropical Atlantic Ocean. A direct comparison with sea-surface temperature estimates from the same core revealed that the land-sea temperature difference was, through the thermal pressure gradient, an important control on central African precipitation patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weijers, Johan W H -- Schefuss, Enno -- Schouten, Stefan -- Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1701-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg-Texel, Netherlands. jweijers@nioz.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Transient Middle Eocene atmospheric CO(2) and temperature variations (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-06
    Description: The long-term warmth of the Eocene (~56 to 34 million years ago) is commonly associated with elevated partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO(2)). However, a direct relationship between the two has not been established for short-term climate perturbations. We reconstructed changes in both pCO(2) and temperature over an episode of transient global warming called the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; ~40 million years ago). Organic molecular paleothermometry indicates a warming of southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) by 3 degrees to 6 degrees C. Reconstructions of pCO(2) indicate a concomitant increase by a factor of 2 to 3. The marked consistency between SST and pCO(2) trends during the MECO suggests that elevated pCO(2) played a major role in global warming during the MECO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bijl, Peter K -- Houben, Alexander J P -- Schouten, Stefan -- Bohaty, Steven M -- Sluijs, Appy -- Reichart, Gert-Jan -- Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S -- Brinkhuis, Henk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):819-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1193654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomarine Sciences, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. p.k.bijl@uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    The rise of the rhizosolenid diatoms (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The 18S ribosomal DNA molecular phylogeny and lipid composition of over 120 marine diatoms showed that the capability to biosynthesize highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes is restricted to two specific phylogenetic clusters, which independently evolved in centric and pennate diatoms. The molecular record of C25 HBI chemical fossils in a large suite of well-dated marine sediments and petroleum revealed that the older cluster, composed of rhizosolenid diatoms, evolved 91.5 +/- 1.5 million years ago (Upper Turonian), enabling an accurate dating of the pace of diatom evolution that is unprecedented. The rapid rise of the rhizosolenid diatoms probably resulted from a major reorganization of the nutrient budget in the mid-Cretaceous oceans, triggered by plate tectonics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Damste, Jaap S Sinninghe -- Muyzer, Gerard -- Abbas, Ben -- Rampen, Sebastiaan W -- Masse, Guillaume -- Allard, W Guy -- Belt, Simon T -- Robert, Jean-Michel -- Rowland, Steven J -- Moldowan, J Michael -- Barbanti, Silvana M -- Fago, Frederick J -- Denisevich, Peter -- Dahl, Jeremy -- Trindade, Luiz A F -- Schouten, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):584-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. damste@nioz.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkenes/*analysis/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; *Diatoms/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Lipids/biosynthesis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Petroleum ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Terpenes/*analysis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Comparing sea water temperature proxy records for the past 90 Myrs from the shallow shelf record Bass River, New Jersey (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract We present a multi‐proxy (foraminifer Mg/Ca, δ18O, ∆47, and Sr/Ca, and biomarker TEX86H, MATmrs) low‐resolution paleotemperature record based on seven sets of high‐resolution time series from the late Cretaceous to Miocene from the Ocean Drilling Program Bass River site, New Jersey Shelf, North Atlantic. Along with insight into long‐term climate evolution, this allows testing for internal consistency between proxies. The bottom water temperatures (BWT) reconstructed using benthic δ18O and Mg/Ca‐values show good agreement in recorded trends with the TEX86H sea surface and shallow subsurface temperature record, and with the stacked global benthic oxygen isotope record. The Mg/Ca‐based BWTs are higher than the δ18O‐based BWTs, likely due to uncertainty in the assumptions associated with the Mg/Ca calibration to sea water Mg/Ca. Absolute δ18O‐based BWT reconstructions are supported by clumped isotope paleothermometry. The agreement in main trends of the independent paleotemperature proxies indicates that the underlying assumed mechanisms for the different proxy relations to temperature stayed largely intact back to at least 90 Ma. Consistent differences in absolute temperature values highlight however, that a better understanding of the individual proxies is required in order to achieve accurate absolute temperature reconstructions.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 2572-4525
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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