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  • 1
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    Purification and characterization of a Shigella conjugate vaccine, produced by glycoengineering Escherichia coli (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-09
    Description: Shigellosis remains a major cause of diarrheal disease in developing countries and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Glycoconjugate vaccines consisting of bacterial surface polysaccharides conjugated to carrier proteins are the most effective vaccines for controlling invasive bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the development of a multivalent conjugate vaccine to prevent Shigellosis has been hampered by the complex manufacturing process as the surface polysaccharide for each strain requires extraction, hydrolysis, chemical activation and conjugation to a carrier protein. The use of an innovative biosynthetic Escherichia coli glycosylation system substantially simplifies the production of glycoconjugates. Herein, the Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) O -polysaccharide is expressed and its functional assembly on an E. coli glycosyl carrier lipid is demonstrated by HPLC analysis and mass spectrometry. The polysaccharide is enzymatically conjugated to specific asparagine residues of the carrier protein by co-expression of the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase and the carrier protein exotoxin A (EPA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extraction and purification of the Shigella glycoconjugate (Sd1-EPA) and its detailed characterization by the use of physicochemical methods including NMR and mass spectrometry is described. The report shows for the first time that bioconjugation provides a newly developed and improved approach to produce an Sd1 glycoconjugate that can be characterized using state-of-the-art techniques. In addition, this generic process together with the analytical methods is ideally suited for the production of additional Shigella serotypes, allowing the development of a multivalent Shigella vaccine.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    The structure of a retinal-forming carotenoid oxygenase (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-12
    Description: Enzymes that produce retinal and related apocarotenoids constitute a sequence- and thus structure-related family, a member of which was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. This member is an oxygenase and contains an Fe2+-4-His arrangement at the axis of a seven-bladed beta-propeller chain fold covered by a dome formed by six large loops. The Fe2+ is accessible through a long nonpolar tunnel that holds a carotenoid derivative in one of the crystals. On binding, three consecutive double bonds of this carotenoid changed from a straight all-trans to a cranked cis-trans-cis conformation. The remaining trans bond is located at the dioxygen-ligated Fe2+ and cleaved by oxygen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kloer, Daniel P -- Ruch, Sandra -- Al-Babili, Salim -- Beyer, Peter -- Schulz, Georg E -- R01 EY020551/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 8;308(5719):267-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygenases/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins ; Retinaldehyde/*chemistry ; Synechocystis/*enzymology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Opinion cascades and the unpredictability of partisan polarization (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉"Culture wars" involve the puzzling alignment of partisan identity with disparate policy positions, lifestyle choices, and personal morality. Explanations point to ideological divisions, core values, moral emotions, and cognitive hardwiring. Two "multiple worlds" experiments (〈i〉n〈/i〉 = 4581) tested an alternative explanation based on the sensitivity of opinion cascades to the initial conditions. Consistent with recent studies, partisan divisions in the influence condition were much larger than in the control group (without influence). The surprise is that bigger divisions indicate less predictability. Emergent positions adopted by Republicans and opposed by Democrats in one experimental "world" had the opposite outcome in other parallel worlds. The unpredictability suggests that what appear to be deep-rooted partisan divisions in our own world may have arisen through a tipping process that might just as easily have tipped the other way. Public awareness of this counter-intuitive possibility has the potential to encourage greater tolerance for opposing opinions.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur katalytischen Methan-Zersetzung (1967)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 39 (1967), S. 1017-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Um reinen, CO-freien Wasserstoff herstellen zu können, mußten Katalysatoren aufgefunden werden, die bei der katalytischen Methan-Zersetzung keinen Sauerstoff abgeben und die bei der anschließenden Regenerierung im Luftstrom keinen Sauerstoff aufnehmen. Als aktive Katalysatoren dieser Art erwiesen sich Nickel/Aktivkohle-Kontakte. Die Formalkinetik der Methan-Spaltung wurde in einer Kreislaufapparatur an einem Nickel/Aktivkohle-Katalysator mit 20% Nickel-Gehalt bestimmt. Zur Prüfung der technischen Anwendbarkeit dieses Kontaktes wurden orientierende Versuche ausgeführt, bei denen abwechselnd Methan in der festliegenden Katalysatorschicht zersetzt und der mit Kohlenstoff belegte Katalysator in der Wirbelschicht regeneriert wurde. Die Abnahme der katalytischen Wirksamkeit wurde dabei in Abhängigkeit von der Zahl der Regenerierungen ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330391705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    Seismo-tectonic behavior of the Pernicana Fault System (Mt Etna): A gauge for volcano flank instability? (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: [1]  Flank instability at basaltic volcanoes is often related to repeated dike intrusions along rift zones and accompanied by surface fracturing and seismicity. These processes have been mostly studied during specific events, and the lack of longer-term observations hinders their better understanding. Here we analyze ~20 years of deformation of the Pernicana Fault System (PFS), the key structure controlling the instability of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. We exploit East-West and vertical components of mean deformation velocity, as well as corresponding time series, computed from ERS/ENVISAT (1992–2010) and COSMO-SkyMed (2009–2011) satellite radar sensors via Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques. We then integrate and compare this information with field, seismic and leveling data, collected between 1980 and 2012. We observe transient displacements accompanied by seismicity, overprinted on a long-term background eastward motion (~2 cm/yr). In the last decades, these transient events were preceded by a constant amount of accumulated strain near the PFS. The time of strain accumulation varies between a few years and a few decades, also depending on magma emplacement within the nearby NE Rift, which may increase the strain along the PFS. These results suggest that the amount of deformation near the PFS may be used as a gauge to forecast the occurrence of instability transients on the eastern flank of Etna. In this context, the PFS may provide an ideal, small-scale structure to test the relations between strain accumulation, stress loading and seismic energy release.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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