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  • 1
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    Energetic Geodesic Acoustic Modes Associated with Two-Stream-like Instabilities in Tokamak Plasmas (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Author(s): Z. S. Qu, M. J. Hole, and M. Fitzgerald An unstable branch of the energetic geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) is found using fluid theory with fast ions characterized by their narrow width in energy distribution and collective transit along field lines. This mode, with a frequency much lower than the thermal GAM frequency ω GAM , is now confirm… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 095004] Published Fri Mar 04, 2016
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Influence of blade angle distribution along leading edge on cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: The influence of blade angle distribution along leading edge on cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps is analysed in the present paper. Three sets of blade angle distribution along leading edge for three blade inlet angles are chosen to design nine centrifugal pump impellers. The RNG k- ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/epsilon.gif] {epsilon} turbulence model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model are employed to simulate the cavitation flows in centrifugal pumps with different impellers and the same volute. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and the comparison proves that the numerical simulation can accurately predict the cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps. On the basis of the numerical simulations, the pump head variations with pump inlet pressure, and the flow details in centrifugal pump are revealed to demonstrate the influence of blade an...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Experiment and numerical simulation of cavitation performance on a pressure-regulating valve with different openings (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: As a kind of widely used device in pipe system for pressure and flow rate regulating, the valve would experience cavitation in the case when a sharp pressure drop occurs, which will induce the energy loss, noise and vibration of pipeline system, and even operational accidents. The experiment on flow resistance coefficient of a DN600 pressure-regulating valve under operation conditions from 0% to 100% openings is conducted. Based on the RNG k-e turbulence model and the Rayleigh-Plesset cavitation equation, a set of computational model is developed to simulate the turbulent flow in the valve under operational conditions from 0% to 100% openings. The computational results of flow resistance coefficient are compared to the experimental data. And the numerical simulation is employed to predict the cavitation performance of the valve at different inlet flow conditions. The transient cavitating flow is calculated to reveal the time evolution of cavitation in the valve.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 4
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    Peak luminosity correlated low-frequency oscillations in black holes (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: Based on Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) observational data, we study the timing and spectral properties of some peculiar low-frequency (LF) quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), which have been found at the peak luminosity of the outburst of some transient black hole (BH) binaries: the 2005 outburst of GRO J1655–40, the 2003 outburst of H1743–322 and the 1998 outburst of XTE J1550–564. Appearing in the ultraluminous state, these QPOs from different sources show some common properties. The amplitude is very weak (less than 1 per cent) and the quality factor is larger than 6. Moreover, these QPOs (about several Hz) sometimes show up simultaneously with another QPO (about 10 Hz), but their frequencies are not harmonically related. We also find that the frequencies of these QPOs are inversely correlated with the mass of the BH, which implies that these QPOs might be correlated with the innermost stable circular orbit. The QPO frequency is also negative correlated with the inner disc radius among BHs. However, its frequency is too low to ascribe it to the Keperlian orbit frequency. Moreover, we discuss the physical origin of these QPOs and we suggest that they are not produced by the viscous variability of the inner disc either.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Parallel Histories of Horizontal Gene Transfer Facilitated Extreme Reduction of Endosymbiont Genomes in Sap-Feeding Insects (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Bacteria confined to intracellular environments experience extensive genome reduction. In extreme cases, insect endosymbionts have evolved genomes that are so gene-poor that they blur the distinction between bacteria and endosymbiotically derived organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. To understand the host’s role in this extreme gene loss, we analyzed gene content and expression in the nuclear genome of the psyllid Pachypsylla venusta , a sap-feeding insect that harbors an ancient endosymbiont ( Carsonella ) with one of the most reduced bacterial genomes ever identified. Carsonella retains many genes required for synthesis of essential amino acids that are scarce in plant sap, but most of these biosynthetic pathways have been disrupted by gene loss. Host genes that are upregulated in psyllid cells housing Carsonella appear to compensate for endosymbiont gene losses, resulting in highly integrated metabolic pathways that mirror those observed in other sap-feeding insects. The host contribution to these pathways is mediated by a combination of native eukaryotic genes and bacterial genes that were horizontally transferred from multiple donor lineages early in the evolution of psyllids, including one gene that appears to have been directly acquired from Carsonella . By comparing the psyllid genome to a recent analysis of mealybugs, we found that a remarkably similar set of functional pathways have been shaped by independent transfers of bacterial genes to the two hosts. These results show that horizontal gene transfer is an important and recurring mechanism driving coevolution between insects and their bacterial endosymbionts and highlight interesting similarities and contrasts with the evolutionary history of mitochondria and plastids.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Crosshole Radar Traveltime Tomographic Inversion using the Fast Marching Method and the Iteratively Linearized Scheme (2014)
    Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Traditional straight ray- and curved ray-based tomography algorithms need to perform ray tracing to calculate travel times and construct the Jacobi matrix. We present a crosshole radar traveltime tomography algorithm that is based on the fast marching method (FMM) and the iteratively linearized scheme. The travel time is calculated using FMM and the Jacobi matrix is constructed using finite difference approximation, thus the traveltime tomography is carried out without raytracing. We test the suggested method on three synthetic models. In model 1, three types of model parameter weighting matrices are considered. In model 2, both first- and second-order FMM are tested. In model 3, we analyze three types of matrix inversion methods. The synthetic data tests show that the reconstruction using the Laplace operator, second-order FMM and LSQR simultaneously achieve the best result. To test the reconstruction ability of the proposed scheme on a realistic geological structure, we apply the algorithm to a field data set from Guizhou. For comparison, two traveltime tomography algorithms based on straight ray and curved ray are used. The comparisons indicate that our scheme can obtain a solution as good as the one resulting from a curved ray-based traveltime tomography algorithm.
    Print ISSN: 1083-1363
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2658
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS)
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  • 7
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    Scaling laws, force balances and dynamo generation mechanisms in numerical dynamo models: influence of boundary conditions (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-20
    Description: We investigate the influence of different thermal and velocity boundary conditions on numerical geodynamo models. We concentrate on the implications for magnetic field morphology, heat transport scaling laws, force balances and generation mechanisms. The field morphology most strongly depends on the local Rossby number, but there is some variation in the dipolarity of the field with boundary condition. Scaling laws also depend on the boundary conditions, but a diffusivity-free scaling is a good first order approximation for all our dipolar models. Our multipolar models, however, obey different scaling laws from dipolar models implying a different force balance in these models. We find that our dipolar models have a stronger degree of Lorentz–Coriolis balance compared to our multipolar models which have a stronger degree of Lorentz-inertial balance.The models with a stronger Lorentz–Coriolis dominance can be generated by either α, α 2 or α 2 mechanisms whereas the models with a stronger Lorentz-inertial balance are all α 2 dynamos. These results imply that some caution is necessary when extrapolating results from dynamo models to Earth-like parameters since the choice of boundary conditions can have important effects.
    Keywords: Geomagnetism, Rock Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Product-to-parent reversion of trenbolone: unrecognized risks for endocrine disruption (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-28
    Description: Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a high-value steroidal growth promoter often administered to beef cattle, whose metabolites are potent endocrine-disrupting compounds. We performed laboratory and field phototransformation experiments to assess the fate of TBA metabolites and their photoproducts. Unexpectedly, we observed that the rapid photohydration of TBA metabolites is reversible under conditions representative of those in surface waters (pH 7, 25 degrees C). This product-to-parent reversion mechanism results in diurnal cycling and substantial regeneration of TBA metabolites at rates that are strongly temperature- and pH-dependent. Photoproducts can also react to produce structural analogs of TBA metabolites. These reactions also occur in structurally similar steroids, including human pharmaceuticals, which suggests that predictive fate models and regulatory risk assessment paradigms must account for transformation products of high-risk environmental contaminants such as endocrine-disrupting steroids.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096139/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096139/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qu, Shen -- Kolodziej, Edward P -- Long, Sarah A -- Gloer, James B -- Patterson, Eric V -- Baltrusaitis, Jonas -- Jones, Gerrad D -- Benchetler, Peter V -- Cole, Emily A -- Kimbrough, Kaitlin C -- Tarnoff, Matthew D -- Cwiertny, David M -- 8 P20 GM103440-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 GM103440/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES005605/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR025500/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S10-RR025500/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024979/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR024979/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):347-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1243192. Epub 2013 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA 52242-1527, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anabolic Agents/adverse effects/*chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Darkness ; Desiccation ; Endocrine Disruptors/adverse effects/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Environmental Health ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Photolysis ; Risk Assessment ; Temperature ; Trenbolone Acetate/adverse effects/*chemistry/metabolism ; Water/*chemistry ; Water Pollutants/adverse effects/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Macroeconomic water resources input-output analysis in Shandong Province (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: The allocation of water resources is linked to economic conditions, and the input-output analysis methods of macroeconomic water are applied to analyse the macroeconomic impact of water resources on Shandong Province. By calculating the input and output coefficients of water resources in 14 industries in Shandong Province, the water use conditions and water use efficiency of various industry sectors in the production process are analysed to provide the basis for the optimal allocation of water resources in Shandong Province. After data analysis, the following conclusions have been drawn. The direct water consumption coefficients for agriculture, power, paper, and petroleum industries are relatively large, while the total water consumption coefficients for agriculture, food, textile, and paper industries are relatively large. The food, textile, and engineering industries have higher water consumption multipliers. From 1997 to 2007, the direct and indirect water consumption of all...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Cranial neural crest ablation of Jagged1 recapitulates the craniofacial phenotype of Alagille syndrome patients (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-25
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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