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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Peak discharges and flow volumes for streams in the Northern Plains, 1996-97 (2001)
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: S 90.0003(1185-B)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey circular
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 52 S.
    ISBN: 0607963395
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey circular 1185-B
    Classification:
    Applied Geology
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Precipitation in the Northern Plains, September 1996 through April 1997 (2001)
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: S 90.0003(1185-A)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey circular
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 19 S.
    ISBN: 0607963387
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey circular 1185-A
    Classification:
    Meteorology and Climatology
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of cimetidine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in humans (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 55 (1999), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Warfarin ; Cimetidine ; Drug ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The interaction of multiple oral doses of cimetidine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin was investigated in six healthy male volunteers. Methods: The subjects were given individually adjusted doses of warfarin to achieve therapeutic levels of prothrombin activity. The established daily maintenance oral dose of warfarin was kept stable throughout the trial and, on study days 8–14, each volunteer received a 800-mg daily dose of cimetidine. The degree of anticoagulant response produced by warfarin was quantified by the determination of both the prothrombin time and factor-VII clotting activity. Results: Cimetidine co-administration had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of the more potent S-warfarin but significantly increased by 28% (P 〈 0.05) mean R-warfarin trough plasma concentrations and decreased by 23% (P 〈 0.05) mean R-warfarin apparent clearance. Both prothrombin time and factor-VII clotting activity displayed considerable inter-subject variability and were not significantly affected by concurrent cimetidine treatment. The reduction of apparent clearance of R-warfarin by cimetidine was found to be the effect of inhibition of the formation of warfarin metabolites as determined by apparent formation clearance values (±SD) of R-6-hydroxywarfarin (31.1 ± 7.4 ml/h baseline; 18.5 ± 4.5 ml/h at end of cimetidine treatment; P 〈 0.01), and R-7-hydroxywarfarin (6.9 ± 1.3 ml/h baseline; 4.3 ± 1.1 ml/h at end of cimetidine treatment; P 〈 0.01). Conclusion: Cimetidine stereoselectively affects the steady-state pharmacokinetics of warfarin by inhibiting the disposition of the less potent R-warfarin in humans. However, this interaction is likely to be of minimal clinical significance in most patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050647
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclosporin: Pharmacokinetics and detailed studies of plasma and erythrocyte binding during intravenous and oral administration (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 451-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclosporin ; pharmacokinetics ; infusions ; binding ; lipids ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis that unbound concentration better correlates with response than total plasma or blood concentration, the inter- and intra-subject variability in the distribution of cyclosporin within blood and to plasma components was studied in renal transplant patients. Pharmacokinetic aspects were also studied. Blood samples were analysed from patients who received the drug both by a 72-h i.v. infusion and orally (7 mg·kg−1 twice daily). Steady-state was reached within 18 h of starting the i.v. infusion; the plasma data were best fitted by a biexponential equation with half-times of 0.13–1.02 h and 4.3–13.9 h, associated with the two phases. The mean plasma clearance was 700 ml/min. Concentrations during the infusions measured by RIA and HPLC were comparable. Oral profiles showed rapid and extensive absorption. The peak plasma concentrations were 1460–1880 µg·l−1 and occurred 2–4 h after dosing, with bioavailability estimates of 41–113%. Concentrations measured by RIA were higher than by HPLC. Blood-to-plasma concentration ratio measurements of cyclosporin at 37°C decreased with increasing plasma concentration and increased with haematocrit. Fraction unbound, measured by ultracentrifugation, was in the range 0.042–0.122 with an average of 0.068, and varied little in some patients but showed systematic changes with time in others. Cyclosporin binding was found to be related not only to the triglyceride but, more particularly, to the cholesterol-related lipoproteins in plasma. Monitoring cholesterol may be helpful in identifying patients with extremes in binding or with widely varying binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046701
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population approaches in drug development (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 389-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Population approach ; Drug development ; software ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic software was held in Brussels in November 1993 under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. Recently developed statistical methods offer the possibility of gaining integrated information on pharmacokinetics and response from relatively sparse observational data obtained directly in patients who are being treated with the drug under development. These methods can minimize the need to exclude patient groups and also allow analysis of a variety of unbalanced designs that frequently arise in the evaluation of the relationships between dose or concentration on the one hand and efficacy or safety on the other relationships that do not readily lend themselves to other forms of statistical analysis. The purpose of the Brussels meeting was to evaluate the state of both existing software and software under development, and to specify the needs and wishes of potential users of such software. It was apparent from the meeting that software development for population data analysis is currently a very active area of investigation and that several very good packages are already available, with more in development. The general consensus of the meeting was that well validated, easy to use software was essential to the implementation of the population approach to drug development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191898
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical experience and issues in designing and performing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Population pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics ; experimental design ; drug development ; clinical trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss issues relating to the design of population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies was held in Brussels in March 1995, under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the experts' experience in designing and performing population PK/PD studies. The topics discussed were current practice, logistical issues, ensuring the accuracy of data, covariate assessment, communication, and protocol design. The main conclusions from the meeting were: 1) a population PK/PD analysis should be one of the objectives of a clinical trial and should not compromise the other objectives; 2) it is particularly important to communicate the purpose of the population PK/PD analysis to the investigators and to convince them of the importance of accurately recording dosing and sampling times; 3) some prior knowledge of the PK and PD models and covariate relationships is necessary for the analysis of sparse phase III data; 4) computer simulation and optimal design measures may be useful in defining sampling times; 5) population methods and objectives must be specified as completely as possible in the protocol. Participants: L. Aarons (UK), L. Balant (Switzerland), P. Bechtel (France), R. Bruno (France), P. Burtin (Switzerland), C. Dubruc (France), E. Fuseau (UK), J. Gabrielsson (Sweden), U. Gundert-Remy (Germany), R. Jochemsen (France), M. Karlsson (Sweden), C. Laveille (France), I. Meineke (Germany), F. Mentré (France), P. Morselli (France), G. Paintaud (France), A. Racine-Poon (Switzerland), J. Rodriguez (Spain), F. Rombout (The Netherlands), M. Rowland (UK), J.-L. Steimer (Switzerland), A. Van Peer (Belgium), S. Vozeh (Switzerland), W. Weber (Germany), B. Wittke (Switzerland) The views expressed by the participants do not necessarily reflect those of the organizations they represent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226323
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical experience and issues in designing and performing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Population pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics; experimental design ; drug development ; clinical trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss issues relating to the design of population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies was held in Brussels in March 1995, under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the experts’ experience in designing and performing population PK/PD studies. The topics discussed were current practice, logistical issues, ensuring the accuracy of data, covariate assessment, communication, and protocol design. The main conclusions from the meeting were: 1) a population PK/PD analysis should be one of the objectives of a clinical trial and should not compromise the other objectives; 2) it is particularly important to communicate the purpose of the population PK/PD analysis to the investigators and to convince them of the importance of accurately recording dosing and sampling times; 3) some prior knowledge of the PK and PD models and covariate relationships is necessary for the analysis of sparse phase III data; 4) computer simulation and optimal design measures may be useful in defining sampling times; 5) population methods and objectives must be specified as completely as possible in the protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226323
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in man (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: warfarin ; cimetidine ; ranitidine ; stereochemistry ; drug-drug interaction ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stereochemical aspects of the potential interaction between the oral anticoagulant warfarin and the H2-antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, were investigated. A single 25 mg oral dose of racemic warfarin was administered on Day 4 of a randomised 9-day multiple dosing regimen of either cimetidine (800 mg o.d.) ranitidine (300 mg o.d.) or placebo. The degree of anticoagulation produced by warfarin was quantificated by the determination of both the prothrombin and Factor VII clotting times. Ranitidine had no effect on the pharmacodynamics of warfarin or the pharmacokinetics of the individual warfarin enantiomers. Cimetidine whilst producing no statistically significant change in the pharmacodynamics of warfarin or in the pharmacokinetics of the pharmacologically more potent (S) enantiomer, did produce a statistically significant decrease in the clearance of the (R) enantiomer, possibly due to metabolic inhibition of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542190
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the relative sensitivities of factor VII and prothrombin time measurements in detecting drug interactions with warfarin (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 645-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug interactions ; Warfarin ; Prothrombin time ; clotting factor activity ; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the comparative abilities of the prothrombin time and factor VII clotting activity, measured using a chromogenic assay, to detect drug interactions with warfarin. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data were collected from studies involving the single administration of 25 mg of warfarin in the absence and presence of fengabin, cimetidine, ranitidine, and enoxacin. Fengabin caused changes in both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin, whereas cimetidine and enoxacin only caused changes in its pharmacokinetics. Ranitidine had no effect on either the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. In general, factor VII clotting activity showed greater sensitivity but also greater variability than the prothrombin time to changes in clotting activity. Consequently, factor VII clotting activity did not have greater discriminatory power than the prothrombin time in detecting drug interactions involving warfarin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265930
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New strategies in drug development and clinical evaluation: the population approach (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug development ; Clinical evaluation ; new strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315486
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